The chapter focuses on the data collection, organization and integration to achieve the research objectives. The aim thus is the provision of the insight of the research process clarifying how different tasks will be undertaken to have the relevant information that will be useful in understanding the topic under the study. The chapter starts by describing the scientific methodology and the research design, data collection techniques, sample determination and data analysis process. Werner & Rogers, (2013,p.160) defines scientific methods as a process through which scientist systematically follow to have an accurate world representation and minimization of influences that might occur as a result of the personal and cultural influences during the data collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation.
Qualitative Method
The study is based on a qualitative method. According to Gibs et al., (2018, p.9) qualitative method aims at understanding and providing an explanation of the meaning of the social aspects with limited disruption of the natural setting (Dowling & Suchet, 2018, p.781). Therefore, through the qualitative method, the researcher is able to provide the factors that are responsible for the growth of Indiana western brands and determine the best recommendations for the growth of the brands (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill 2016, p.183). In order to get the correct information on the topic, human/ consumers are the key sources for the qualitative data, thus their behaviors will provide the reality of the social-environment situation.
Research design
Research design refers to the blueprint for the study that provides guidance to the data collection and analysis process, thus deals with majorly fours issues; the research questions, the relevancy, the data collection and analysis. According to Ngulube (2015, p.128) research design is categorized into three major classes: descriptive, casual and exploratory research. Exploratory research emphases on the finding of thoughts and insights; the causal research design aims at identifying the cause and effect relationships in variables under the study while; the descriptive research design is majorly concerned with the determination of the frequency with which an aspect takes place or the relationship between the variables under the guidance of the hypothesis (Boros, 2018).
The research is designed to investigate the internationalization expansion of indo-western brands rising from India. The is to specify that the data required to understand the internationalization expansion of indo-western brands in India needs an appropriate research design that will ensure that accurate data is collected, managed, recorded, coded, analyzed and the results presented to the stakeholders.
Interpretivism
According to Houghton, Hunter & Meskell, (2012, p.38) research philosophy aims at defining the basis, description and progress of knowledge under the topic of the study. Research philosophy aids in assembling the hypothesis and beliefs of the topic to attain precise strategy of facts gathering. (Houghton, Hunter & Meskell, 2012, p.40) identifies three philosophies: positive, interpretivism and realism research philosophies. Based on the topic the researcher chooses to use the interpretivism. Taking into consideration positivism philosophy, requires researcher to conduct factual information collection through observation method since it is entirely dependent on measurable data. On the same note interpretivism philosophy focuses on collecting socially composed data that is significant in assembling accurate, reliable and valid information required for the study (Corbally, 2014, p.36). Conclusively, realism research philosophy composes a mixture of interpretevism and positivism philosophies, thus which is linked with gathering both socially formed and observed data.
Justification of the interpretivism
Regarding the research topic, the researcher aims at understanding the Indian-Western fashion market in different aspects such as factors affecting growth, entry into other markets, and consumer’s preferences of the brands and provides proper recommendations (Dean, 2018, p.6).The interpretivism process requires the researchers to interpret the elements of the study since access to reality is usually socially constructed through various ways such as language, shared meanings and consciousness. Interpretivism thus has different variations: Hermeneutics, phenomenology and symbolic interactionism. The social interactionism involves the acceptance of symbols as culturally varied social objects that possess shared meanings since the reseller will have close face-to-face interaction with the consumer from both the regions; Asia and Western culture.
Sample size
Population forms the border group under the study that is intended to provide data for the analysis and generalization. However, the population at times is large thus makes it difficult to collect accurate data, researcher opt to have samples to authenticate their results. Sample size thus means a subset of the population size that is intended to participate in the research study either through qualitative or quantitative method (Farghaly, 2018, p.7). Purposive sampling method will be used to select the participants since it is the only method that will ensure that only participants rich with the required information to participate in the process.
Since the population is above 10,000, it is more appropriate to apply Yamane’s sample size calculation formula to determine the study’s sample size; n=N/ {1+N (e) 2} where
n is the sample size
N is the total population for the city
e is the precision
Therefore, n is 250
Data collection
Data collection process is the utmost important part of the research methodology process as it aids in computing the data. Fletcher, (2017, p.183) identifies two common methods used in data collections: primary and secondary information assembling. The primary data gathering aims at directing response from the participants while the secondary data collection method aims that collecting data from the past works related to the topic. Base on the research topic and the research method, the best technique will be primary data collection that will be majored on the focus group to provide views, beliefs, meanings, insights in regard to the indo-western dressings.
Focus group discussion
Focus Group discussion (FGD) is part of qualitative research methods applied in social science and is characterized with a preset semi-structured interview, always conducted by the skilled facilitator to stimulate accurate responses and ignite debate among the participants. Since the aim of the researcher is to gain views, factors and personal preconditions on the Indo-Western brands, FGD becomes the best data collection n technique is essential in marketing thus is able to provide better recommendations for market entry of the brands. The focus group will be a mixture of ages from 20 to 60 years since they are a bracket that is much focused on the fashions.
According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2016,p.181)the recruitment process is very crucial since over-recruitment might bring management challenges while under-recruitment will pose under discussion of the participants; therefore suggest a range between 6-8 participants for each meeting for the success of the FGD. The participants will be recruited through door-to-door canvassing to have a total of 48 members to facilitate four FGD meetings. The participants also will comprise all people from both of the regions; four westerners and four Asians that will be selected on through convenience sampling. From the FGD, the researcher is capable of linking the people’s participant’s perception and their socio-cultural that controls their decision making on the India-Western brands.
Data analysis
Descriptive and inferential are the commonly applied statistical data analysis methods by researchers. Rutberg and Bouikidis (2018,p.211) denotes that descriptive research as the method that record data from cluster members and summarizes the figures in the system of the group characteristics to enable the derivation of men; mode, median, standard deviation and use of charts. While the inferential statistics entails the exploration of precise groups of a sample from the whole population magnitude and enables the respect to generalize the population (Gupta, Mohan, Johnson, Garg, Thout, Shivashankar, Krishnan, Neal & Prabhakaran, 2018, p.8). Qualitative data analysis starts during the discussion period when rich data is generated from the participants. The stage will be followed by familiarization with the data with an aim to immerse the details and get the sense of the data, and then followed by identification of the thematic framework so as to help the researcher to arrange them accordingly. Focus group discussion generally yields qualitative and observational data that requires intensive analysis to have accurate and clear results. Rutberg and Bouikidis (2018, p.213) suggest that the best analysis methods used in qualitative research on FGD.
Reliability and validity
The method used in carrying out a research tends to influence the results, thus all methods need evaluation to determine the reliability and validity of the study itself. (Astroth, 2018, p.391).Reliability refers to the degree at which the outcomes achieved can be reproduced by another different researcher at a different time. Thus, there are two aspects: time frame and the methods used; meaning that the use of the same method is acceptable; however, however, using the same time frame, several conclusions are derived that get affected by both Asia and western region. On the other hand, validity aims at analyzing the way the customers from the two regions internalize and adapt to different brands in the market. The internalization theory that also comprises gradual expansion and the importance of the marketing is significant in the analysis, thus the researcher acknowledges other internationalization expansion theory, and however, the one use is more imperative. The theory used has the capability to extensively explain the internationalization expansion process of the Indo-western brands in different markets.
6 questions to be answered by a small focus group of 5-6 people, and the answers to be attached. For this the word count won’t be considered.
Cultural differences between the western and East Asian countries are the major factor that is preventing the expansion of the Indian brand. The Indian brands wear full dress both men and women unlike in the western culture that the gender wears are different in both sexes.
The best pricing strategy for the indo-western brands is the psychology pricing. Through the psychology pricing, the retailers are capable of changing the cultural nature of the western culture to extensively embrace the Indian culture.
List of References
Astroth, K. S. (2018) ‘Exploring the Evidence Quantative and Qualitative Research: Focusing on the Fundamentals: Reading Qualitative Research with a Critical Eye’, Nephrology Nursing Journal, 45(4), pp. 381–386. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=131366621&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 4 December 2018).
Boros, P. (2018) ‘Applying a Total Quality Framework to Qualitative Research Design: A Review’, Qualitative Report, 23(1), pp. 47–48. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=127425526&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 4 December 2018).
Corbally, M. (2014) ‘An introduction to the biographical narrative interpretive method’, Nurse Researcher, 21(5), pp. 34–39. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96264286&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 4 December 2018).
Dean, B. A. (2018) ‘The Interpretivist and the Learner’, International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 13, pp. 1–8. doi: 10.28945/3936.
Dowling, R., Lloyd, K. and Suchet-Pearson, S. (2018) ‘Qualitative methods III: Experimenting, picturing, sensing’, Progress in Human Geography, 42(5), pp. 779–788. doi: 10.1177/0309132517730941.
Farghaly, A. (2018) ‘Comparing and Contrasting Quantitative and Qualitative Research Approaches in Education: The Peculiar Situation of Medical Education’, Education in Medicine Journal, 10(1), pp. 3–11. doi: 10.21315/eimj2018.10.1.2.
Fletcher, A. J. (2017) ‘Applying critical realism in qualitative research: methodology meets method’, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(2), pp. 181–194. doi: 10.1080/13645579.2016.1144401.
Gibbs, L, Block, K, MacDougall, C, Harms, L, Baker, E, Richardson, J, Ireton, G, Gallagher, HC, Bryant, R, Lusher, D, Pattison, P, Watson, J, Gillett, J, Pirrone, A, Molyneaux, R, Sexton-Bruce, S & Forbes,. (2018) ‘Ethical Use and Impact of Participatory Approaches to Research in Post-Disaster Environments: An Australian Bushfire Case Study’, BioMed Research International, 2018, pp. 1–11. doi: 10.1155/2018/5621609.
Gupta, P, Mohan, S, Johnson, C, Garg, V, Thout, SR, Shivashankar, R, Krishnan, A, Neal, B & Prabhakaran, D (2018) ‘Stakeholders’ perceptions regarding a salt reduction strategy for India: Findings from qualitative research’, PLoS ONE, 13(8), pp. 1–16. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201707.
Houghton, C., Hunter, A. and Meskell, P. (2012) ‘Linking aims, paradigm and method in nursing research’, Nurse Researcher, 20(2), pp. 34–39. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83621461&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 4 December 2018).
Ngulube, P. (2015) ‘Trends in Research Methodological Procedures Used in Knowledge Management Studies’, African Journal of Library, Archives & Information Science, 25(2), pp. 125–143. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110721621&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 4 December 2018).
Rutberg, S. and Bouikidis, C. D. (2018) ‘Exploring the Evidence. Focusing on the Fundamentals: A Simplistic Differentiation Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research’, Nephrology Nursing Journal, 45(2), pp. 209–213. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=129106232&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 4 December 2018).
Saunders, M. N. K., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2016). Research methods for business students. Harlow , Pearson. British Journal of Management 1(7),pp.179-190
Werner, T. P. and Rogers, K. S. (2013) ‘Scholar-Craftsmanship: Question-Type, Epistemology, Culture of Inquiry, and Personality-Type in Dissertation Research Design’, Adult Learning, 24(4), pp. 159–166. doi: 10.1177/1045159513499549.
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