The paper is focussed to discuss about GMO which is Genetically Modified Organisms that are produced in a specific process of transferring organisms. In this process, selected individual genes are basically transferred from the donor organism to the target organism. In this way, the desired properties are transferred to the new organism. It is possible to include plants, animals as well as enzymes in the GMO. For the purpose of commercial production and consumption, some regulatory agencies approve GMO. United States Department of Agriculture have presented a report in relation to GMO which states the fact that by the year 2012, 94% of cotton, 93% of soybeans, and 88% of corn grow in the United States is genetically modified. GMO has become a part of life as it is entering into society through agriculture and human society is benefited in many ways. In terms of raising agricultural productivity and reducing the requirement of pesticides which is harmful for environment, GMO plays a major role. However, several questions might arise regarding the safety issue of environment and ecology system with the over usage of GMO and that includes ethical as well as legal issue too. The research journal article clearly provides a brief introduction about the topic along with its advantages over human society. At the same time, the author of the journal article also raises questions regarding the ethical, legal and other safety issues with the excessive use of GMO in the environment or the ecology system. The main objective of the research journal is to find the effectiveness of GMO in the society and its impact on the society.
In the research article data has been collected from various sources as well as literatures and hence, as the research methodology, literature search has been considered by the author. Various online sources and books as well journals have been reviewed before executing the research article. It followed a step-by-step procedure to execute the paper. At the initial stage it gathered data and provided a brief introduction about the topic GMO. After that it illustrated some clear examples of crops that have been modified with the use of GMO technique. It also discussed how GMO modified certain things. Apart from that, the methodology has been used to clearly identify the stakeholders associated is associated with the process of GMO. In order to find the role of some government agencies of United States that regulate GMO the article did a thorough research. It also helped in recognising some common foods that contain GMOs along with its producing countries across the world. The paper reached in the conclusion raising some questions for further analysis in future. The following schematic diagram illustrates the whole methodology of the research journal article.
Research from various literatures and other sources as per the methodology produced the result. As a result, various uses of GMO method has been discussed in the paper thoroughly with examples. The genome of Bt corn has been modified and it can produce poison for the insects that damages the corn crops and thus it acts as a pest resistant. GMO is also used as virus resistance as in GM papaya which was developed at the Hawaii University and it acts as a virus resistance just like the same way in which human influenza is resisted with virus vaccination. In RoundupReady Soybean, GMO process is used as herbicide tolerance. I golden rice, this process is engineered for the fortification purpose. Again, in arctic apple it is used for cosmic preservation. This method is also used in AquAdvantage salmon to increase the growth rate. The stakeholders, related to the GMO process include local communities, global community, sovereign tribal nations, municipalities, biotechnology firms, industry, politicians, non-governmental organizations, far workers and others from multiple sectors and areas. Again, some non-human entities, such as environment and other resources are also associated as stakeholder in the GMO process. There are various government agencies that regulate GMo in the United States. A coordinator framework is there that delegates the regulatory responsibilities to three different agencies and they are the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Food and Drug administration (FDA). The function of all these three agencies is different and they look after different areas. The function of FDA is to evaluate the food safety from the standpoint of the human consumption and again, USDA looks after all the regulations of GMO which are related to the agricultural industry. The role of EPA is to regulate all the environmental risks that can come out as a result of genetically engineered crops. It is important to look after the environment for the benefit of the mankind as well as the animals living the ecosystem. Each of the agencies works and interprets their existing regulatory authority to look after the complexity of using the technology in the agriculture for the benefit of human society. The article discussed the function of the agencies and also it provided examples of some foods containing GMO and they include Alpo dry pet food, Ball Park Franks, Ultra Slim fast, Heinz 2 baby Cereal, Bravos Tortilla Chips, Duncan Hines Cake Mix, Morning Start Farms Better’n Burgers and many more. In the article, it has been clearly indicated that USA is the largest producer of GMOs across the world and various other countries are there that produces GMO which includes Brazil, Argentina, India, Canada, China, Paraguay, South Africa, Uruguay and Bolivia sequentially.
Conclusion
The paper provided introduction and followed a methodology to research the topic and discussed the result in brief. Finally the paper reached to its conclusion and stated the relationship of food with the culture, environment, place as well as ethics of any country around the world. It defines the characteristics and nature of the people of any country. Science, along with other tools evolved the perception of the world and benefited the mankind but, at the same time, there is debate on utilizing the GMO technique in genetic engineering regarding its adverse effects. In this regard, the author of the research article journal raised some valuable questions to determine the adverse effects o GMO on the ecology system.
Scientific methods are evolving the world and agricultural industry. The main purpose of the paper was to provide a clear idea about the main topic GMO along with its uses, benefits and disadvantages if any. The paper was highly focussed to portray the detailed and brief introduction about the methods of GMO and how it works. Along with that, a statistical data regarding the usage of GMO in the crops of United States is provided in the paper. It also stated some applications of GMO in the crops and its benefits in the mankind and agricultural industry. The role of stakeholders in this regard is also identified but, when it was about discussing the debate related to the adverse effects of GMO on the environment, the paper did not provide any information however, it raised some questions on that. But, their reliability has not been verified with proper research.
The research was carried out to establish the usefulness of GMO and its effects on the human society as well as the environment. It clearly depicted how GMO is being used in the agriculture and to produce the fact, the paper provided examples of some modifications in the agricultural industry. The explanation with the use of example was helpful in finding the effectiveness of GMO in the farming industry and identification of the benefits has also become easier. In order to find the result, it used literature review as the main methodology of the research process in the journal article. The methodology was helpful in finding strong evidences to establish the fact about the main topic GMO. However, the exact method of reviewing the literature has not been depicted in the paper. The use of any other scholar or journal article or use of any particular online source has not been indicated by the author in the paper.
The research in this article played a significant role in producing enough information about the effectiveness of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) for the benefit of the mankind. In this regard, the role of government is always significant. The paper provided evidence about the role of government and how the government agencies work efficiently to maintain and encounter the balance of GMO in the ecosystem. Therefore, the significance of this research is quite high as it focuses on the advantages of GMO upon the farming industry as well as on the human society.
This research helped to jot down many points regarding the effectiveness of GMO and also helped in gaining the knowledge about the use of GMO in many countries throughout the world. The examples of food containing GMO was also helpful in getting a clearer idea about the topic. In this way, the paper was successful enough in providing the applications of GMO in producing crops in farm which is used by the mankind. The author was extremely focussed with the topic and clearly depicted how GMO is engineered in various types of crops by the farmers for the benefit of it.
The author presented a fresh perspective about the topic in the paper. It opened a path of clear insight about GMO and its effectiveness in the agriculture. It was easy to understand and the evidences about the application of GMO were strong enough. The author presented some idea about the role of government as stakeholders in this process but, the paper did not disclose any role of the other stakeholders associated with the processes of GMO in the agriculture as well as in the mankind.
In research papers, a clear introduction, methodology, analysis and discussion is provided before reaching to the conclusion. Also, it creates an argument while discussing the topic from the deeper insight (Heijman et al., 2015). Here, in this research journal article, the main topic was GMO which is Genetically Modified Organisms and its usefulness, effectiveness and controversies associated with the adverse effects of it on the environment and human society. Although, the introduction about the topic was clear and précised but, in some areas, the paper could not reach the desired efficiency. The paper raised questions about the negative effects of GMO but it did not discuss anything about it in detail. Apart from that, the methodology was not identified clearly in the paper. The role of other stakeholders has also not been illustrated in the paper. Therefore, the paper would be appropriate if some more information about the methodology would be provided. A further research to find out the questions raised at the end of the paper is highly recommended.
References
Heijman, J., Algalarrondo, V., Voigt, N., Melka, J., Wehrens, X. H., Dobrev, D., & Nattel, S. (2015). The value of basic research insights into atrial fibrillation mechanisms as a guide to therapeutic innovation: a critical analysis. Cardiovascular research, 109(4), 467-479.
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