This project is about fluid-air displacement technology for generation of power in renewable energy. This project looks into the energy generation, variable that are involved and the efficiency of this project. This project also explores the use of gravity and fluid medium using the Archimedes principle. It encompasses both gravity and buoyancy in fluids. In this project data refer to the information that is needed to ensure that this project comes to success. One of the main design aspects is the variation in the sizes of the bubbles that are being used to control the cylinders movements (Arutyunov and Lisichkin, 2017). Data will be collected after a research is done on the general workability of the project, the rate at which the cylinders move, variation in the sizes of the bubbles and their impacts on the project. Workability of this project depends on the concept that are being employed and the experimental part. These are the two main data which will help in the project design and achieving of the objectives. This project will help bring in a new source of renewable energy. This will not be able to outdo the existing energy sources but rather supplement them to achieve the energy independence. Research is very important as it enables the doing of several experiments to get the full information on its workability and the concepts employed which includes the fluid mediums being used (Xu et al., 2018). This information will help the researchers and scientist who are coming up with this project of new renewable energy sources. Research and experiments have to be done in depth so as to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of this project when established in the real world for use. Variables that are present are highly considered and researched so as not to affect a part or even the whole project. The change of weight is achieved by sliding the piston within the cylinder with the use of gravity so as to change the weight of the cylinder by removing a heavier fluid and replacing it with a lighter fluid or a vacuum so as to reduce the weight of the cylinder that is below that of displaced fluid medium. The cylinder with vacuum or lighter fluid raises and when coupled to a member, the member also tends to raise. On the opposite side, the cylinder is inverted and the piston slides so as to reduce volume in the cylinders occupied by the vacuum or lights fluid. The volume of the cylinder which is of a heavier medium is increased in volume and also reducing the amount of fluid medium displaced. The total weight of the cylinder is therefore greater than that of the displaced fluid medium. Due to this, the cylinder sinks carrying with it a member to which it is coupled. This results in a rotation and in the process creating energy. In recent times engineers are working to achieve a simpler version as compared to the one of 1976. However, the same principle is still being followed. There are also some variables, that results from size, frequency and the bubbles sizes. Water, carbon dioxide and daylight should be changed over into usable synthetic vitality with the goal that they can simply be put away like fuel o as to broaden the timeframe they will be being used. Researcher ought to likewise probe how they will catch the carbon dioxide that is filling the environment. They should catch this carbon dioxide and the split off carbon from these particles. Water particles ought to likewise be broken in order to get hydrogen molecules lastly utilized the two, carbon and hydrogen iotas to make hydrocarbon. These hydrocarbons are the non-renewable energy sources we utilize. Analyst should discover a method for utilizing the daylight as an impetus to make the development of these hydrocarbon quick. Atomic power ought to likewise be made which substantially more secure and less expensive since has an extremely enormous capability of delivering a great deal of vitality. The stress for the most part emerges on its wellbeing. Researchers should concoct a method for controlling this and it will be ready. This will result in a revolution and hence the vitality making venture is finished. As of late, there have been a ton of test about this. Researchers are doing everything they can to locate another and less expensive sustainable wellspring of vitality.
Fluid-air displacement technology is one the renewable energy source which explores the use of water and gravity based renewable sources of energy (Adams et al., 2018). This innovation has been going through various evolution since when it was first lodged in the year 1976. This project is not very different from the first, it is just like an improvement and making it more efficient for use in the production of energy (Yassin et al., 2018). This systems design had been established and experimented before but there were no full details finding which we are going to find out here.
The main aim of this invention is to utilize gravity and Archimedes principle of buoyancy and generate power through motion that contradicts the laws of thermodynamics which states that no device is able to create or collect energy at a zero cost (Bartholomew et al., 2018). The cylinders weights are varied from the weight of the one that is displaced. This happens in such a way that the cylinders may rise or fall selectively within the fluid medium. The cylinders that are rising are placed on one side while the sinking cylinders are placed on the opposite side. This results in a rotation. Change of weight is usually achieved by sliding the piston within the cylinder by the use of gravity so as to change the weight of the cylinder (Cavazzini, 2018). This is by removing a heavier fluid and replacing it with a lighter fluid or a vacuum. This will reduce the weight of the cylinder that is below that one of the displaced fluid media. Cylinder which has a vacuum or lighter fluid raises. When the cylinder is coupled to a member, the member also tends raises. In the other side, the cylinder is inverted. The piston slides thus will be able to reduce volume in the cylinders occupied by the vacuum or lights fluid. Volume of the cylinder which has got the heavier medium is increased in volume. The amount of fluid medium displaced is therefore reduced. This result in the total weight of the cylinder becoming greater than that of the displaced fluid medium. From this, the cylinder sinks carrying with it a member that had been attached to it (Cheng, 2017). This will result in a rotation and therefore the energy creating project is complete. In recent times, there have been a lot of experiment about this. Scientists are doing all they can to find a new and cheaper renewable source of energy. An example of this is in South Korea where a team of engineers have grouped themselves and looked into fluid-air displacement for energy generation. This team majored into the use of gravity and will be of very good use in this project. There also some important data that will be put into use as some there are some variable that do not change (Chung et al.,2018). It incorporates both gravity and lightness in liquids. In this venture information allude to the data that is expected to guarantee that this undertaking comes to progress. One of the primary plan angles is the variety in the sizes of the air pockets that are being utilized to control the barrels developments (Arutyunov and Lisichkin, 2017). Information will be gathered after an examination is done on the general usefulness of the task, the rate at which the barrels move, variety in the sizes of the air pockets and their effects on the venture. Usefulness of this venture relies upon the idea that are being utilized and the trial part. These are the two principle information which will help in the venture outline and accomplishing of the goals. This task will help acquire another wellspring of sustainable power source. This won’t have the capacity to exceed the current vitality sources yet rather supplement them to accomplish the vitality freedom.
Project Design
A series of experiments have been designed and conducted to establish the full research on fluid-air displacement energy generation. The efficiency and accuracy of this experiment depend on various variables. The sizes of bubbles released, there shapes and the frequency (Claude et al., 2018). The sizes of the cylinders also matter a lot. When carrying out experiments on the data we may be able to make our own apparatus and set up smaller experiments to test a few variables in particular. From the information and data gathered from these experiments and apply them to the use for bigger and larger experiment. From some of the previous experiments that have been done, the theoretical part illustrate that it is very relevant. It does not need to be related to the project name itself. There are other projects that may need the same principles and they may be very helpful to them. It is always important to define the method that is being used so as to avoid confusion caused by minimal errors in other methods. In the hypothesis, it is necessary to state the review that could be used later incase replication and improvements need to be done (Fei et al., 2018). There are also some things that need to be considered such as the weight of the components which include the tubes or pipes that are being used. All the parts of the system should be filled with the fluid and be equally distributed so as to give the right results (Gallagher et al., 2018). Research is essential as it empowers the doing of a few investigations to get the full data on its usefulness and the ideas utilized which incorporates the liquid mediums being utilized (Xu et al., 2018). This data will encourage the analysts and researcher who are thinking of this task of new sustainable power sources. Research and tests must be done inside and out to guarantee the precision and proficiency of this task when built up in reality for utilize. Factors that are available are exceptionally considered and inquired about so as not to influence a section or even the entire venture.
Scope of project
Fluid air displacement is one of the latest renewable energy to be put into use as of late, the whole world has been trying to shift to renewable energy. Currently, the change is working out well as people are beginning to use this system.
Description and workability
Fluid-air displacement technology works with simple principles. It has gone through various evolution and scientist have come up with one that is easy to install and put into use for production of energy at zero costs. The fluid-air displacement technology system comprises of many machines. There is a drive belt which is drawn around a pulley which is situated at the top of the cylinder and a lower pulley at the bottom. The two pulleys are parallel to each other. There are an even number of cylinders secured in a spaced relation along the driver belt using clips. All the cylinders are aligned in a line along the pulley system. Each cylinder is made in such a way that it has one open end and the other one closed. One end, the open one moves in the direction of motion. The rotation of the pulley system follows a clockwise manner. For easier referencing, the cylinders are labeled specifically. In each cylinder there is a piston which slides (Giddey et al., 2018). Also, for easy referencing the pistons are labelled differently but according to the cylinder around it. Each piston normally seals the inner bores of the cylinder and therefore closes the chamber. The volumes of the chambers usually differ from one to another. This is because of the difference in positions of the cylinders. Tubes connect the paired cylinder in closed chambers and so allowing the fluid communication between the cylinders. The tubing interconnecting together usually provides three independent systems of fluid (Giske et al., 2018). There is one closed fluid system for each opposite cylinder. The fluid used include both liquids and gases. Cylinders move in a clockwise manner in the pulley belt. The actions of force of gravity is seen here as it acts at all parts of the system. The rotational force is proportionally direct to the difference in weight of the opposite cylinders. The rotation continues around the two pulley systems. This clearly shows that the gravity powered system comprises of the displacement of different fluids thus activating a pump. The weights of different components such as tubes and cylinders have not been considered since they balance out as some cylinders are going up while others are going down. There are three independent fluid systems that form and so an additional three are also formed due to the pairing (Gomez-Exposito et al.,2018).
In the near future, water related renewable energy could have joined electricity as some of the important energy carriers (Java et al., 2018). These projects are raindrop technology, fuel cell, geothermal and ocean waves. Fuel cell renewable energy can be considered as a clean energy carrier just like electricity. This is by the use of hydrogen. Hydrogen does not normally exist on Earth as gas in nature. First, it has to undergo some processes to separate it from other compound. Hydrogen usually exists in water (Kennedy, 2017.). To extract it water splitting or electrolysis and steam reforming is done. The least expensive method of producing hydrogen currently is the steam reforming method. This is a method usually used in industries to separate hydrogen atoms from the carbon atom which are found in methane. Methane is a fossil fuel and so during this process there is emission of greenhouse gas which is directly linked to global warming (Kim et al., 2018). Electrolysis is where an electric current is passed through water so as to separate it into its basic components, that is hydrogen and oxygen. Oxygen is then collected at the positive node while hydrogen is collected at the negative charged end. Electrolysis produces extremely clean and pure hydrogen. This results in no emissions and so it is environmentally friendly. Despite its excellent results, electrolysis process is very expensive. Fuel cells there after convert the chemical energy that is found in hydrogen to produce electricity (Kirikta? et al., 2018). The byproducts of this process are pure water and heat. Hydrogen powered fuel cells are pollutant free and most likely to be used in future due to it being environmentally friendly. Hydrogen in the long run will reduce the dependency on oil which cause greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Hydrogen also has the highest energy content compared to other energy sources by weight. In the near future, hydrogen will be one of the most important energy carriers. This is because hydrogen can be stored in very many ways (Lago et al., 2018). It is also considered low polluting fuel that may be used for transportation, power generation and heating. It is also considered as highly efficient and may be used where electricity is difficult to use. Research was done and it was found out that sending electricity over long distance by wire is more expensive compared to shipping hydrogen by use of pipeline. As at the moment, hydrogen is being used by NASA space program to propel rockets and other space shuttles (Landolsi et al., 2018). The hydrogen fuel cell is also being used by the crew of the space shuttle to produce pure water. Fuel cell might be the most favorable energy carrier in the future with time it will outdo the others. Fuel cell can be used to power almost any device that is portable and uses batteries. This fuel cells can also be used to power transportation such as buses, trucks, marine vessels, vehicles and thus will do away with the traditional technologies of transportation. With this, hydrogen will have done away and replaced the petroleum that is usually imported for fueling vehicles. However, for hydrogen to become one of the biggest energy players, a lot capital and facilities must be set up (Lass et al., 2018).
With the advancement in technology, researchers are coming up with new and hybrid method of energy generation. Raindrop energy technology is one of the latest entrants to the water related renewable energy. The principle behind this technology is friction caused by two bodies rubbing against each other to produce energy. scientist have modified the existing solar panels into hybrid ones (Leistner et al., 2018). Solar panel usually generate energy when the weather is sunny only. This hybrid solar panels produce energy from both raindrops and sunlight. When raindrops roll on this solar panels, energy is produced. The developers are still working on this solar panel so as to become lighter and simpler to install and use. This system is not complicated as it is supposed. There is the use of imprints from normal DVDS that we use at home. Slits were just added to the polymers. Energy is conducted when the raindrops fall and the two devices come into contact. The extra layers are transparent so as to allow sunlight to pass through and be captured (Li et al., 2018). The only remaining challenge is to increase the amount of energy that is generated using this hybrid solar panel. By use of this raindrop technology, energy can be collected day and night and thus becoming more effective. This will do away with the old solar panel. This clearly shows the way to go in the near future (Lu et al., 2018).
Ocean energy is another latest entrant to the water related renewable energy. It is one of the many marines based renewable energy. This energy is generated from waves, ocean currents and tides. This technology is still at its infancy growing with time. The world has come to a point where it needs more energy than before as the energy demands continue to grow globally (Mahdavi, 2018). The world needs energy, not just energy but renewable energy that does not cause global warming and air pollution. Ocean energy could be one of the best sources of renewable energy in the upcoming years. Ocean, which covers over seventy percent of the world. If this percentage was converted into energy then the world would be in another level. this ocean energy has not been fully utilized. There are three basic types of ocean energy. They are waves which gives wave energy, ocean tidal power from high and low can tides and also the use of temperature differences to create energy. Wave energy is a form of energy that exists in kinetic energy, in the moving waves. This is normally caused by the winds blowing over the ocean surface (Mallea et al., 2018). There are very many areas in the world where wind blows sufficiently and consistently to allow the installation of turbines so as to generate energy. Wave energy is usually captured from the surface and with the fluctuation of the ocean surface. The powering of the turbine by the wave is by first raising into the chamber and then the water which has risen forces the air out of the chamber and in the process spinning the turbine which also turns the generator (Matos et al., 2018). Problem with this wave energy is that waves are not all the same at each part of the world since there is variation. This is one of the reasons why wave energy cannot be exploited all over the world. Even with this variation there are places in the world where there are rich waves such as northern Canada, Australia, Southern Africa, Western coast of Scotland and United states. It includes both gravity and lightness in liquids. In this undertaking information allude to the data that is expected to guarantee that this task comes to progress. One of the primary plan angles is the variety in the sizes of the air pockets that are being utilized to control the barrels developments (Arutyunov and Lisichkin, 2017). Information will be gathered after an exploration is done on the general functionality of the venture, the rate at which the barrels move, variety in the sizes of the air pockets and their effects on the task. Functionality of this task relies upon the idea that are being utilized and the trial part. These are the two principle information which will help in the undertaking outline and accomplishing of the goals. This undertaking will help get another wellspring of sustainable power source. This won’t have the capacity to exceed the current vitality sources but instead enhancement them to accomplish the vitality freedom. Research is imperative as it empowers the doing of a few examinations to get the full data on its usefulness and the ideas utilized which incorporates the liquid mediums being utilized (Xu et al., 2018). This data will encourage the analysts and researcher who are thinking of this undertaking of new sustainable power sources. Research and examinations must be done top to bottom in order to guarantee the exactness and effectiveness of this task when built up in reality for utilize. There are still many different ways of wave power. There are new technologies where some machine is installed at the offshore (McGlynn, 2017).
Tidal energy is another form of Ocean energy. When tides come into the sore, they are trapped by dams. This is a type of energy caused by the rise and fall of tides. There are underwater turbines which usually tap the tidal energy. The turbines are strategically positioned where the tidal energy is large. Tidal energy has got a lot of potential to be used in the near future due to the enormous water body. Tidal energy in order to be in use should be at least sixteen feet between high and low tides. La Rance Station in France is the world’s largest tidal power station and the only one in Europe (Mizushima, 2018). The energy from this power station is able to provide electricity to two hundred and forty thousand homes in France. The problem with tidal energy is that it only counts for ten hours a day when the tide is flowing in and out. Tidal energy has got very many advantages since tides will continue to flow as long as there is water in the oceans (Morrise et al., 2018). Tides need no fuel in order to work. Tides does not produce greenhouse gases or any waste, therefore it is environmentally friendly.
Water related renewable energy sector that surely needs more research to be able to satisfy conditions such as cost effectiveness which is the highest consideration. Since water cover over almost two thirds of the earth surface there is need to invest in this water related renewable energy. Even though this kind of energy has not gone through rapid growth like some other renewable energy sectors, there is a lot of potential of having more significance in the coming years. The fluid-air displacement technology system comprises of many machines. There is a drive belt which is drawn around a pulley which is situated at the top of the cylinder and a lower pulley at the bottom. The two pulleys are parallel to each other. There are an even number of cylinders secured in a spaced relation along the driver belt using clips. All the cylinders are aligned in a line along the pulley system. Each cylinder is made in such a way that it has one open end and the other one closed. As we have seen there is a lot of potential and if these areas are well tapped the world would fully depend on the renewable energy (Mukherjee et al., 2018).
Energy is mostly referred to as the strength needed for sustaining both mental and physical activity. In physics, energy is usually referred to as the quantitative property which has to be transferred to something so as to do some work. Energy can be classified in many forms such as kinetic and potential energy. However, the main form of energy classification is through their sources. There are two main source of energy, primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are those that are normally used directly as they exist in the natural environment. These include the sun, nuclear fuels such as uranium, oil, coal, natural gas, winds, tides, rivers, lakes, wood and earth itself through the heat it generates (Nakhoul eet al., 2018). Liquid air uprooting innovation is a sustainable power source which investigates the utilization of water and gravity based inexhaustible wellsprings of vitality. This advancement has been experiencing different development since when it initially came to fruition in 1976. This framework uses the standards of lightness and gravity in order to permit the developments of barrels that are submerged in a liquid. This framework utilizes the Archimedes standard where the barrels weights are differed from the heaviness of the one that is dislodged so that the chambers may rise or fall specifically inside the liquid medium. Rising chambers are put on one side while the sinking barrels are put on the contrary side in this way there is a revolution. The difference in weight is accomplished by sliding the cylinder inside the chamber with the utilization of gravity in order to change the heaviness of the barrel by expelling a heavier liquid and supplanting it with a lighter liquid or a vacuum to diminish the heaviness of the chamber that is beneath that of dislodged liquid medium. The chamber with vacuum or lighter liquid raises and when coupled to a part, the part likewise tends to raise.
The secondary sources are those that are derived from the primary sources. These secondary sources include hydrogen and electricity. They are sometimes referred to as energy carriers. An example of this is electricity that can be transformed from other primary sources such as natural gas, wind, sun, water and coal. It is normally easier to use the secondary form of energy rather than the primary energy sources themselves (Owen et al., 2018).
Primary energy is the energy that is in nature and has never been subjected to any form of processes or conversion by human beings. This is the energy that that is usually found in the raw fuels. Primary energy can be classified as non-renewable and renewable energy sources. Non-renewable energy sources are usually found in scarce supply. They include natural gas, nuclear oil and coal. They normally take a very long time to be replenished (Wobiwo et al., 2018). On the other hand, the renewable energy sources are normally replenished naturally which takes a very short time. There are five main renewable energy resources. These are wind, solar, biomass, geothermal and water which is normally referred to as hydro. The use of renewable energy started many year ago. Ancient time and even currently, people used wood for heating and cooking, water and wind for grain milling and solar for lighting. As the years have continued to pass, people have tried to come up with various ways of simplifying the use of these energy sources (Patil et al., 2018).
With the advancement of technology, people have been able to find ways of extracting energy from fossils of both plants and animals. These resources are very rich in energy but in limited supply. With time, solar, water, wind and wood were replaced by oil, coal and natural gas (Purwanto et al., 2018).
Fossil
Currently, there are several promising new renewable technologies emerging to keep up with the fossil fuels that make the largest portion of worldwide energy market. There are many careers growing from this field. On one way or another, most of the renewable energy usually depend on sunlight. With the different heating of the earth surface, hydroelectric power and wind are generated. The heating of earth surface causes air to move around, that is wind. A precipitation of air is also formed and moves up in the air. By use of solar panels and collectors, sunlight is converted into solar energy (Arabul et al., 2017). The stored energy in plants that is usually from sunlight is called biomass. There is also tidal energy that is normally caused by gravitational force in the earth surface. Geothermal energy does not depend on sunlight but rather the radioactive decay that is found in the earth crust. Several countries are now adopting the use of renewable energy to obtain power. The countries have stood up not only to reinstate the already existing systems but also to establish new one by injecting a lot of resources into them (Rouweler et al., 2018).
The policy makers who are majorly concerned on the national grid systems are now focusing on the renewable energy which are seen to be cost effective. Such technologies include fuels derived from biomass, geothermal energy, solar energy and even hydroelectric power. Areas which are still on research and coming up in the recent future are ocean technologies which includes ocean currents and waves. Renewable sources generally have a relatively good impact to the surrounding environment. Renewable energy does not need to be fitted with the scrubbing technologies so as to prevent air pollution. A recent study showed that in the next twenty to forty years, the whole world would be entirely powered by the use of renewable energy (Rundora and Makinde, 2018). This is not very hard to imagine as we currently have technology which is continually on the move. Solar, wind and geothermal energy are now being embraced by countries all over the world. There are about fifty countries all over the world that would be badly affected by the climate change in the new future and so they have opted to a hundred percent renewable energy. These countries include Iceland which generates one hundred percent electricity from renewable energy. All her energy comes from hydroelectric poor plants and geothermal plants. Other countries that are doing pretty good on renewable energy are Sweden, costa Rica, Nicaragua, United Kingdom, Germany, Uruguay, Denmark, China, morocco, USA and Kenya. Renewable energy has often been termed as either ‘green’ or ‘clean’ since they produce little or no pollutants at all (Sahle et al., 2018). Renewable energy, due to its nature of being renewed, has led energy security and independence by many nations. Renewable energy has been in use form the past year and already most of us are using it. Hydropower is however, the largest, established and most used renewable energy. Dams on rivers are the most common source of hydropower. They usually have no air emissions and so have little or no effects to the environment. Renewable energy has also been going through evolution and research on newer ways of tapping this energy. Some of the latest entry to this field are the use of hydrogen and ocean energy (Sahle et al., 2018).
Hydrogen
Hydrogen has got very high energy. It is environmentally friendly as its end product is only water. It is also the simplest and most abundant element in the whole universe. This is because hydrogen atom consists of only one electron and one proton. Even though hydro is very simple, it is never found naturally as a gas in the atmosphere. There has been a lot of research and currently industries have managed to produce four trillion cubic feet of hydrogen per year. Hydrogen is normally produced through a process called reforming which is the heating of carbon atoms to produce hydrogen. Researchers are now trying to produce hydrogen from water by the use of wind, solar and biomass (Sauer et al., 2018).
Hydroelectric power
Water is constantly moving throughout the earth surface, always evaporating from dams, rivers, lakes and oceans, forming different type of clouds and precipitating in form of snow and rain which then begins to flow back to oceans. This water energy is usually driven by the sun. This can be tapped to produce electricity. This results to hydropower, which is the use of water to produce electricity. Hydropower generally uses water as fuel of which this water does not reduce or get used up while the whole process takes place (Schmitt et al., 2018). Hydropower is considered a renewable energy since the water cycles are usually endless and is constantly recharging its system. Flowing water can be captured and transformed into electricity to produce hydropower or hydroelectric power. Turbines and generators convert the energy in water to electricity. This electricity is fed into homes, industries and even businesses. Since 1990s to date hydropower always accounts to twenty percent of the world’s electricity. There are cases where water reservoirs and dams are not involved and water is normally the key to the production of world’s electricity. There are several power plants such as gas, coal, nuclear among others which provide fuel for powering water into steam and the steam energy into electricity (Sharma et al., 2018). Hydropower was one of the first sources of energy for the production of electricity and has always been the largest single renewable energy source in many countries including USA. Since the source of hydropower is water, hydroelectric plants are usually located on or next to water sources. The amount of energy produced usually depend on angle of elevation and the volume of water. Some of the fast-moving water such as Colombia river, that is in the border of Washington and Oregon usually carries a great deal of energy as it flows. Water from this river flows into pipe which leads to turbines. The fast-moving water pushes against and in the process turns the blades in the turbine connected to a generator and so produces electricity. Hydropower has been in use for thousands of years (Shu et al., 2018). On the contrary side, the chamber is rearranged and the cylinder slides in order to diminish volume in the barrels involved by the vacuum or lights liquid. The volume of the barrel which is of a heavier medium is expanded in volume and furthermore decreasing the measure of liquid medium uprooted. The aggregate weight of the chamber is in this way more prominent than that of the uprooted liquid medium. Because of this, the chamber sinks conveying with it a part to which it is coupled. This outcomes in a pivot and in the process making vitality. As of late designers are attempting to accomplish a less complex form when contrasted with the one of 1976. Be that as it may, a similar standard is as yet being pursued. There are likewise a few factors, that outcomes from size, recurrence and the air pockets sizes.
Raindrops
Raindrops would have hurt if there was a lot of energy in them. French scientists have however come up with a way of tapping this rain drops to produce energy. Using some special devices made of plastics, The French Atomic Energy Commission is now able to convert vibrational energy from the hitting raindrops into electricity. This invention could not produce a lot of power but it has a better advantage over the solar system since it works during the dark and in rainstorms. Researchers have also been working a lot on water itself (Sing et al., 2018). This is by splitting the water molecule to get hydrogen. Using a device called Fuel cell, hydrogen produces electricity. Water at every level can be used to produce energy. Recently, U.S navy announced that they had found a new way in which they could turn the seawater to come up with jet fuel. The whole process begins by the use of electricity in splitting water to oxygen and hydrogen. Carbon dioxide is then combined with the hydrogen formed and then dissolved in water to form something known as hydrocarbon also known as the jet fuel. The whole process of coming up with this jet fuel is energy intensive and needs nuclear powered ship to get this to work out. This makes it difficult for people trying to venture into this form of energy (Snyder and Heims, 2018). Geo-thermal energy usually relies on heat that is produced inside the earth so as to produce power. In Iceland for example, there is a seismic activity which usually breaks the rocks thus making water to circulate around the geologic hotspots. This leads to the formation of steam which is then used to drive generators. The generators will then produce electricity. Water is also used in the generation of biofuels. Woods were used traditionally as biofuels. However, they did not need additional water application just before harvesting. Newer biofuels sources such as sugarcanes and corns drink up a lot of water. These crops are normally grown specifically for the production of ethanol. They require constant irrigation since they need a lot of water. At times, water itself may not be used to produce the energy (Young et al., 2018). An example of this is where water is usually pumped deep underground the earth so as to be able to create cracks in which natural gas and oil that is trapped are accessed. These cracks are usually big and one can take water of up to seven million gallons so as to push the fuel up the earth surface. This is however seen as a waste of water since there are very many countries with water scarcity (Subepang et al., 2018).
They say water is life and it is truly seen by the energy we get from it. Hydropower has to be fueled by water. This means it is a clean source of fuel thus not able to pollute the air like other fossil fuels, coal and natural gas which are burnt. This hydroelectric power is also a domestic source of energy and so any state can produce its own without relying on the international sources of fuel. Water cycle is usually driven by the sun which is a renewable power source. This makes water one of the most affordable and reliable sources of energy not like the fossil fuels which are constantly getting depleted and difficult to extract. While tapping the hydropower, reservoirs are normally created (Taheri, 2018).
Reservoirs bring a recreational opportunity to the people around and even foreign tourists. At some case, fishing, boating and swimming become possible when water accumulate on these reservoirs. Most of the companies that manage these generation of electricity allow residents to take advantage of the facilities many opportunities. Hydropower can be accumulated and so it can be controlled according to the fluctuation in demand. If little power is needed then less water is allowed to flow. Water is able to pick the slack when other energy sources are not available (Tao et al., 2018). In material science, vitality is normally alluded to as the quantitative property which must be exchanged to something in order to do some work. Vitality can be grouped in numerous structures, for example, dynamic and potential vitality. Be that as it may, the fundamental type of vitality arrangement is through their sources. There are two principle wellspring of vitality, essential and auxiliary sources. Essential sources are those that are ordinarily utilized straightforwardly as they exist in the regular habitat. These incorporate the sun, atomic powers, for example, uranium, oil, coal, petroleum gas, winds, tides, streams, lakes, wood and earth itself through the warmth it creates.
In a case of darkness, solar will not be able to bring energy and when the weather is calm, there will be no generation of power by wind. Such a case leads to the dependence on water which is readily available ion the reservoirs. Water is the most stable source of electricity. This is because water does not need a lot of maintenance like other sources of energy. Once the hydropower facility is up and running, maintenance and operational costs are very minimal. Unlike oil and other sources, water does not have to pass through many processes like refining so as to be able to be used for energy. Energy generated by water normally has a price that last for long without any increase or decrease. This is far much better than other energy sources like oil which has various fluctuations in the market (Tenissara et al., 20180.
Once a hydropower is built, it usually lasts for a long period of time. Most of hydropower facilities can endure for a period of between fifty to a hundred years or more without any major failure. Maintenance, upgrading and incorporation of new technologies can be done once in a while. Water that is usually harvested in the reservoirs are not only used for the generation of electricity. In other cases, surplus water can be used for irrigation and even domestic use such as drinking. Despite the reduction of floods and drought by the use of these hydropower facilities, the whole populace also benefits (Yazdani et al., 2018). Water as through provision of the renewable energy, it also led to the human development. Hydropower helps to foster the growth of industries, commerce, roads and navigation. This helps create job opportunities and other social amenities such as schools and hospitals. Hydropower may not be very perfect source of power but it is certainly reliable and clean, with very many benefits for not only society as a whole but also the immediate and surrounding environs. As the word renewable suggests, it means it will never get exhausted and is here to stay. Its response and reliability to the variations of demands is very high (Tran and Smith, 2018).
Its cost of production is very low compared to the other more complex sources of energy. Alteration of water channels and streams, creation of new dams is not always a difficult task with the current level of technology and the benefits that are generated by it. Everybody is always striving to save money and if water being used as source of energy and it saves money, then everybody is supporting it. This renewable energy is an excellent way of having a country’s independence (ul Islam and Gandhi, 2018)
Although water as a renewable energy is very friendly to the environment, it has also negative impacts. The construction of the hydroelectric dams has an impact to the environment. When a dam is built, it usually forms a reservoir behind the walls of the dam. Depending on the size of these dams, the impact can be felt in a large area. In both downstream and upstream of the dams, environmental effects can be clearly seen. As land is being cleared in preparation for setting up a dam, vegetation and wildlife is destroyed. This becomes a problem in conservation of the ecosystem. Changing of river levels, the flow patterns, water temperatures and depth usually have an impact on the animals that live in water. An example of this is fish. Most of the usually die with water displacement and this can even affect the human population depending on fish for food and as a source of income. When vegetation is cleared and accumulate at a side, they rot and lead to greenhouse gas known as methane which leads to the climate change (Ungarish, 2018.).
At some cases when water is stored in dams for hydropower generation, it causes drought as water is held back. This can also lead to conflicts among regions, countries or states where water is held back by a dam in a different territorial border. For water to be used as a renewable energy, it fast need to be accumulated in dam. Dams are usually large and so require a big piece of land. In most cases people are displaced. Towns, villages and cities are normally relocated to create room for the setting up of these dams. This led to communities being broken and people relocating from there well-established homes to new places. There is usually a financial crisis and disruption by the people displaced. Once water is harvested and hydroelectric dam are already running, it is very difficult and expensive to expand. A lot of planning, engineering work and construction need to be done. For the plant to generate income and profit it will take several years. With the increase of human population and development of permanent structures, there is limited space left. The dams occupy large piece of lands which some people view it as not productive due to other amenities that could have been established there. There has always been a safety concern on the dams that were built several years ago and store a large mass of water. In cases of cracks and accidents, there is usually a vast and immense damage (van Schie et al., 2018).
People and wildlife surrounding these areas are at a high risk of death and other forms of injury. There have been many cases of disasters caused by dam failures and the most notable one took place in China in 1975 which led to the death of one hundred and seventy-one thousand people. Water reservoirs construction leads to geological damage. A good example of this is the construction of Hoover dam in the United States which led to depression of earth surface and causing earthquakes. Water that normally flows smoothly in its natural existence, when tapped into the dams, they create floods on rivers and wetland bodies. This affects the organisms living on it. Animals such ascribes and other aquatic birds which mostly survive in marshy lands are affected and may end up starving to death. Apart from that, some aquatic plants grow in these wetlands. Due to the hydroelectric operations, these habitats are destroyed as well as the wildlife in it. In some cases, water creatures usually die with the increase of water level. Increase of water level leads to increase in temperature and some aquatic organisms may not survive. Due to the dependence of water in hydroelectric power, there are some instances of drought. The amount of water supply drops drastically. In such cases where water decency was high, there would be delayed water flow, high electric prices which leads general electricity shortage. As years continue to pass by, dams also age (Verdolini et al., 2018).
Over the years the reservoirs beds are deposited with silts, mud and sediments. These will continue to accumulate and thus affecting the water holding capacity. Sedimentation is however the most serious problem affecting water energy in reservoirs. Research has also stated that there is global warming emission caused during dismantling and installation of hydroelectric power plants. Such emissions vary depending on the size of the dams and nature of the land in which it was constructed (Verruijt, 2018).
Fluid air displacement is one of the new energy generators and sounds almost ridiculous. Lately, the whole world has been trying to shift to renewable energy. So far, the change is working out well as people are beginning to use environmentally friendly energy such as electricity and solar. With the changing in time, new discoveries are made day by day. Technologists and researchers are continually improving the old methods of generation of energy and coming up with new ones. Scientist strive for simple and almost free energy source. This has led to the coming up of the fluid air displacement power generator (Viscardi et al., 2018). The people developing this form of energy say that it is the use of buoyancy laws in conjunction with the special generator installed. This system is one of the latest entrants to the renewable energy which strive to reduce or lower cost of production with maximum result. This is generation of power using clean renewable sources found in the environment. This fluid air displacement method is still undergoing independent third-party testing and quality control. For year, scientists have been trying to develop a fossil free fuel generator which is able to generate energy with consideration to the environment and also saves cost. Through various research method of trial and error, researchers have finally come up with this fluid air displacement power generator with fully functional models. At the moment, these researchers and scientists are preparing to launch a mass production of a fuel free generator for use by people (Voiry and Lemaitre, 2018). There are plans to distribute this system all over the globe so as to enable countries to have energy independence. This is almost a free way to generate energy that might work out and be used by everybody in the future. Currently even with the little knowledge about it that has come out to the public, people are already acknowledging it. Orders have started reaching the manufacturers for them to make more of these power generators. The cost of making this machine is sparingly cheap compared to the energy it will continually produce. The main components are PVC pipe tanks, bucket elevator, air compressor and generators. A demonstration of this system was done publicly and this attracted over eight hundred scientists, researchers and technologists all over the globe. Many of them wanted to see the system in action and paid a deposit for the purchase of a similar power generator. Measurement day was also had by Rosch and this time the visitors were asked to use their own measuring devices and confirm whether it is really an effective way of power generation (Wilson, 2018). A disassembly day was also held to disable the system so that people could be able to confirm the genuinely of the system. Plans for setting up commercial scale power plants are underway consisting of multiple columns of water tanks that are sunk down into the ground and is said to produce over a hundred megawatts. Over the year we have seen a lot of odd ideas but this one might just work out well and offer a solid proof that ion future we are going to have a cost-free power generator. Technology is thriving to make the cost of things zero. Things that we normally pay for are now getting cheap or even free. The energy case is more complex as it is seen to be hard to have zero cost energy production. With this system, cost free energy is likely to be achieved. With this, almost all cost would have been cut out from electricity bills, manufacturing costs and even transportation costs. Money saved from this could be used elsewhere like in the social programs. Energy will become cheaper all over the world and people will use more of it for development. Clean and free energy will undeniably bring many benefits. This is seen to be a solution to the energy problem and with time this cost-free energy production will be fully implemented for the betterment of everybody (Wang and Ye, 2017). Fuel cell might be the most favorable energy carrier in the future with time it will outdo the others. Fuel cell can be used to power almost any device that is portable and uses batteries. This fuel cells can also be used to power transportation such as buses, trucks, marine vessels, vehicles and thus will do away with the traditional technologies of transportation. With this, hydrogen will have done away and replaced the petroleum that is usually imported for fueling vehicles.
The world is currently undergoing through serious greenhouse gas emissions. This has led to the need and urgency to control the gas emission. Scientists and researchers are coming up with environmentally friendly renewable energy sources to offer the solution. If this is not done urgently then by the year 2050 the environment would be in dire consequences. Scientist are continually doing researches and experiments on more friendly renewable energy sources. There are however some parts that have a little or no touch made at all. In the near future, these scientists should explore space technology. Experiments like harvesting of hydrogen from the moon to be used to power fuel cells on Earth. Scientists should also look for a way of in which the renewable energy could be stored for long (Watts and Winthereik, 2018). Water, carbon dioxide and sunlight need to be converted into usable chemical energy so that they can just be stored like gasoline o as to extend the period of time they are going to be in use. Scientist should also experiment on how they are going to capture the carbon dioxide that is filling the atmosphere. They should capture this carbon dioxide and the split off carbon from these molecules. Water molecules should also be broken so as to get hydrogen atoms and finally used the two, carbon and hydrogen atoms to create hydrocarbon. These hydrocarbons are the fossil fuels we use. Researcher should find a way of using the sunlight as a catalyst to make the formation of these hydrocarbon fast. Nuclear power should also be made which much safer and cheaper since has got a very huge potential of producing a lot of energy. The worry usually arises on its safety. Scientists should come up with a way of controlling this and it will be good to go. This will result in a rotation and therefore the energy creating project is complete. In recent times, there have been a lot of experiment about this. Scientists are doing all they can to find a new and cheaper renewable source of energy. An example of this is in South Korea where a team of engineers have grouped themselves and looked into fluid-air displacement for energy generation. This team majored into the use of gravity and will be of very good use in this project. There also some important data that will be put into use as some there are some variable that do not change. There are over seven billion people walking around the earth. Scientists should find a way of generating power from the movement of all these people. This human power will be able to fix the global warming and make Earth clean (Willauer et al. 2018).
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