Discuss about the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
The following is the research proposal in the usage of tobacco and control strategies that can eradicate the problem from earth. The following research proposal contains a brief summary of the literature review done previously and the control strategies and recommendation of government campaigns. The objective and outline of the project is given. The consolidation of the work that needs to be done according the time schedule is also given. The primary questions and research methodology is thoroughly discussed. The steps that needs to be taken while doing the research is given too (Golnick et al. 2016).
The main scope of the project is the discussion in the control and the implementation strategy of reducing the usage of tobacco in different lifestyle of the population. The different strategy and campaign that are used by the government in controlling the issue and how it have been useful in eliminating the problem. The health of people all over the world is the major concern of this prevention strategy. Initial issue will be identified as the consumption of tobacco in different form and based on those different aspects of usage and the preventive strategies implementation plan will be discussed. The emphasis in the eradication plan will be given. Therefore, the control strategies will be discussed for further usage of research in the domain. In addition, it will also be analysed about how much consciousness is there in the mind of the adverse effect of tobacco consumption and what steps are taken in increasing the awareness (de Silva et al. 2017).
Tobacco usage has been a main issue of concern for government as well as the health department all over the world. The extensive use of tobacco causes certain diseases that cannot be eradicated easily. According the survey done previously, half million people all over the world losses their lives from the harmful effect of tobacco. Even though the awareness spread around the world, the major problems have also affected the world. The low price and reach ability of all ages to the various object of tobacco is one of the main cause of diseases that hits the general population. Not only the smokers but also the non-smokers are victim of the related diseases (Greenland et al. 2016).
The use of tobacco has causes stimulation in different deadly diseases. The use of the product starts early at the age of 18 years (World Health Organization 2015). Therefore, the habit of smoking is continued until the later years of life. To curb the habit of smoking the youths must be made aware and prevented from getting into the habit itself (Yong et al. 2015).
The preventive measure that is in action must be firmly controlled while the strategies to eliminate the issue should be implemented in parallel. The traditional measures of controlling the tobacco industry must be revised in terms of regulatory system. The co-operation of the government as well as the people should give emphasis. The incorporation of controls campaigns and programs must also be given. To prevent the youth from getting into a habit of smoking and usage of other tobacco products the preventive measures of barring the age limit and should be given (World Health Organization 2015). Elimination of exposure of non-smokers in passively smoking should be prevented by different control strategy and strictly punishable offense; identification of disparities also with eradication strategies; spreading the awareness through visibility tools promotional campaign of adverse effect of consuming tobacco and other control strategies should be given emphasis.
There have been measures of success achieved by different strategies that have been strictly implemented. According to the statistical data the reduction in the usage are significant. The decline is more from the years of 1990’s to 2015 (Chelwa et al. 2015). The decline in the consumption has significantly reduced as the result of control strategies in prevention steps. In the year 2012 the students are identified to use tobacco less than once in 30 days. The significant dip in the consumption scale is hopeful for the society and public health standards. The enhancement in the strategy of enriching public health standards and success of the implemented control strategies should be shared.
The government rules and regulations play an essential part in regulating the environment to a smoke free environment. This policies helps in reduction of environmental pollution too. The encouragement to quit smoking and motivation that can lead to a smoking free environment should be developed and incorporated in the strategy (Nargis et al. 2015).
Restriction in point of sale for teens and the youth comes under the control policies as well. The extensive availability and looseness in the control policies should be avoided near schools and colleges to eradicate the influence and visibility of tobacco.
Though the fluency of usage of tobacco is taken seriously all over the world, there are some setbacks in preventing measures. Even after the campaigns and awareness programs, the deadly diseases have spread and the death risks have not been mitigated completely. The hole in the monitoring system and bans in advertisements and taxation plan has improved but have to achieve its main target (Nargis et al. 2015).
After the launch of National tobacco Campaign, the results were not so much effective. Therefore, the Cafes and restaurants were marked as the non-smoking area. Some of the states were announced as the non-smoking zone. In 2005 the anti smoking campaigns are one among the major initiatives taken by the Australian government. It also has some good effect though the campaigns did not last long. The health warnings and spreading awareness of harmful effects of tobacco was launched in the different area of Australia. Until 2007 the anti tobacco campaigns were extended to restaurants, clubs, nightclubs and casinos. The penalty punishments were in effect after 2007. The taxes were imposed in the shops, on products as well as the point of sale of the outlet. To prevent the minors from the getting their hands on the tobacco products the checking of the buyers Identifications facility was in effect. These initiatives were baby steps to eradicate the usage, though the eliminating the risk that comes from this could not be handled properly and responsibility towards the people who are already addicted to the habit of consuming were neglected. In 2006, ACCC National tobacco campaign was launched in Australia (Nargis et al. 2015). The removal of branding in the packaging ensured unattractive standardised products for the consumer, which were to some extent reduced the appeal of using tobacco among teens. Various recommendations were given and the tobacco control strategies on schools and colleges. Alerts were given among adults an parents which has become mandatory to be implemented. The conduction of the awareness program in the mass media and promoting through different international icons can reduce the usage of tobacco (Flick 2015).
The process of conducting a research is done in this chapter. The problem statement and the research questions and gaps that have been identified by doing the secondary data analysis, will be used and implemented in the following texts and discussions. Based on the objectives an outline of the research will be developed and the method of doing the research will be discussed in this section. To conduct the research in this field the qualitative and quantitative, both of the approach will be discussed and implemented. The adverse effect and control strategies of eradicating the tobacco usage problem will be researched (Zemanick et al. 2015).
The systematic structure of doing the research and analysing the control strategies will be done in qualitative and quantitative way. The qualitative research and analysis will include the exploratory method of collecting data. This is primary way of doing research. The most common expected outcome of developing and conducting the research is to identifying the gap and develop hypothesis and understanding the underlying attitude of the sample population (de Silva et al. 2017). Identifying the trends and reasons opinion motivation of the people using tobacco and what factors of preventive control strategies will be applicable in which stage of life is the exploration of doing the research. This approach is also done in unstructured questionnaires and open ended responds. The sample size is typically small in this process compared to other research (Silverman 2016). The interview method is selected for qualitative method of data collection. The managers of the tobacco selling companies will be interviewed, with the government professionals that are involved in the policy making of tobacco usage in Australia (Golnick et al. 2016).
Quantitative way of research is to quantify the problem, identifying the variables and making the responds transferred to numeric data or alphanumeric data. The survey method of doing the research and taking a larger sample population and getting the variables generalised for huge survey results is done in this research method. In this method the survey of the sample size selected and the 90 smokers will be questioned to get the survey data.
The approaches to reliability and validity are must in conducting secondary or primary research. This factor also ensures that the research outcome is without a hint of any manipulation and valuable for academic usage. The most important part of is also maintaining the ethics of doing the research (de Silva et al. 2017).
This factor includes that the result of the research done is apparently reliable. It is also done by testing and evaluating the data. This part uses the training and testing of data used in research. Focusing on the quality of research is done in this part of the process. The factors that must be considered in maintaining the reliability of the research are neutrality, credibility, conformity, consistency, applicability and transferability. These essential factors must be considered. The examination process must be trustworthy to be continued. The measurement process is must be done going by the reliability of quantitative research. To maintain the stability of the research reliability must be ensured to be incorporated (Ritchie et al. 2013).
Validity of research is of two types. One of the two is construct validity, which is essential in quantitative research. The variables that consist of more than one observation types must be of construct validity incorporated. To maintain the validity factor the true score and actual score should consists of minimal different between them. The error adjusting must be done with less effort. The concept validity of research is done by maintaining imperceptivity of conceptions that are used in the field (Fraley and Hudson, 2014). The qualitative research is done to seek the phenomena that are content specific. The categorical variables that are used in this study must be specific considered the following things.
There is two way of conducting a research. One is inductive and another is deductive. This is in the second stage of conducting a research, while determining the design and approach. The inductive way includes the observation of data, collection, interpreting and analysing the data. The related theory, concepts and models as well as the tools are required in this process. The deductive way of research is done in selecting theory, developing the hypothesis, analysing the data, and implementing the confirmation of theoretical evidences (de Silva et al. 2017)..
Here in the first assessment the problem in control and implementation strategies are identified and gathered. Therefore, the proposals contain the resource and method of gathering the data. This is the inductive way of doing research.
Among the exploratory, explanatory and descriptive way of doing research, this research is done in a combination of exploratory and descriptive way of doing research. The explanatory research is most based on the connecting the ideas, concepts and with explanation the research is done. Whereas the exploratory is dependent upon the problem statement recognition and based on that doing further research (Fraley and Hudson, 2014). The descriptive way of doing research is to develop the main objectives of the study and then designing the research.
The primary data of quantitative nature will be collected from smokers in Australia’s particular region. In addition, the identified non-smokers of the tobacco selling company and the government professional known as the non-smokers, will be questioned based on the questionnaires prepared.
Gathering the primary data based on the variables and specified observations choosing the population and sample, on which the analysis will be done, is given. The two basic sampling method is probability sampling and non probability sampling. Here the method chosen for this assignment is probability sampling (Fraley and Hudson, 2014).
Here the researchers have taken the convenient probability sampling method. Therefore, the deviation in the distribution sampling will be reduced in case of primary data collection.
Here a general survey method will be conducted on a sample who is smokers. Sample size will be of 90 different respondents. Another general sample of people who are non-smokers will be surveyed. The government professionals and professionals of tobacco selling company will be identified for conducting the primary research. The number in the non-smoker category is less as compared to identified smokers. The number of professional is 10.
In this process, the interview questionnaires will be different for non-smoker and professionals of company and government of Australia. The questionnaires for the professionals will be open-ended and will be analysed by an attitude scale. Whereas, the survey questions for smokers will be structured and close ended. The variables identified will be based on the questionnaires prepared (de Silva et al. 2017).
The Google forms to collect the survey responds. For analysis, the Microsoft Excel and SPSS are selected as tools. The graphs and charts will also be used to interpret the data.
The main limitation of this project is to be collected and their availability from the primary source. The authentic research journal and previously done unauthenticated research can lead to falsification of data (Zemanick et al. 2015).
Conclusion
Therefore, from the above discussions and proposal it can be concludes that eradication of the tobacco usage and its after effects problem is still a goal that needs to be achieved. Therefore, the control strategies and information can be helpful in effectiveness of the main strategy. The scope, the brief summary of the literature review and the main steps to conduct the research are also given in the project. The steps to conduct the research can be done in effective measurements given above. The objective highlighted in the assessments needs to be kept in mind.
Reference
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Chelwa, G., van Walbeek, C. and Blecher, E., 2015. Evaluating South Africa’s Tobacco Control Initiative: A Synthetic Control Approach. Economic Research Southern Africa Working Paper Series 2015, Working Paper, 566.
de Silva, T.I., Gould, V., Mohammed, N.I., Cope, A., Meijer, A., Zutt, I., Reimerink, J., Kampmann, B., Hoschler, K., Zambon, M. and Tregoning, J.S., 2017. Comparison of mucosal lining fluid sampling methods and influenza-specific IgA detection assays for use in human studies of influenza immunity. Journal of Immunological Methods.
Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner’s guide to doing a research project. Sage.
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