Sustainable development is inclusive of all the areas of financial activity. It is also applicable in the hotel and also in the tourism industry. It is popularly known that the environment is a crucial resource for the tourism industry and the acquisition and the application of the new technologies contribute to the environmental protection in certain sectors of the hotel industry which is a very crucial subject in this particular area. The term “green hotel” or eco-friendly hotel is used to mean those hotels which strive to be much more environmentally friendly by the efficient utilization of energy, in addition to that of water and materials at the time providing quality level of services.
Green hotels are responsible for conserving and preserving energy by saving water, reducing the amount of energy used and also by bringing about the reduction in the solid waste. There have been benefits namely the reduced costs and liabilities and also the high return and low risk investments. These benefits and their identification is responsible for the green hotels and their growth. The hotels can be consistently considered to become greener. The most costly as well as the wasteful use of resources in hotels are usually for the consumption of non-renewable energy sources. They cannot be wasteful and consume huge amount of resources.
Considering the dismal condition of the natural ecological balance of the environment and the limited nature of majority of the energy sources, it is the duty of each individual to take care of the environment. The large producers and also the consumers of the natural resources have to take care even more. There are several environmental aspects which might have a significant impact on the environment. The users are responsible for the consumption of resources which include that of the energy and water on a regular basis. There has been the increased popularity of the concept of eco-tourism. This is because of the fact that the harmonisation of tourism and the concept of environmental sustainability is brought about. It can be stated that the majority of the reasons for which the hotels go green are behind the scenes. In addition to having a lesser impact on the environment, going green also helps in saving costs which are helpful in the hotel funds and facilities (Teng & Chang 2014).
The idea of a green hotel is responsible for starting from the very first stage of construction. The hotel also possesses the features as well as the equipments which are incorporated and help in the saving of energy. The processes and policies of the hotels need to be fine tuned and the environmental factors need to be kept in mind as well. Running a hotel may be responsible for turning the hotel into something which is environmentally friendly and there needs to be a commitment towards the environment. The establishment of the priorities and the action plans are also crucial. There also need to be proper education as well motivation of the members of the staff (Kucukusta, Mak & Chan, 2013).
There has been an increasing concern for green hotels in the view of the customers due to the fact that they experience a growing awareness of environmental damage and excessive consumption of goods, power and energy. The world at present is being faced with several environmental issues which include the concept of global climate change, the depletion of the ozone layer, pollution, the high level of consumption of the resources and the increased amounts of solid wastes. As an integral part of the tourism industry the world is responsible for exerting a noteworthy impact on the environment and also suggest a need to address a particular problem and the question which the researchers are faced with is the fact that whether the hoteliers appreciate the requirements for the environment-friendly initiatives in the organisations.
The increasing level of the demands on the supply of energy, an increased overall burden on the management of wastes and solids in addition to the pollution of the water bodies, the air and the soil are the major negative environmental effects in the hospitality sector of the tourism industry. The accommodation in the hotels is one of the most substantial areas of the sectors under hospitality. As a crucial component of the accommodation sector, the operations of the hotels are characterised by a huge number of activities which are responsible for collectively impacting a noteworthy impact on the resources all around the world. The hotel operations are also responsible for the emissions of the green house gases that are released into the air specifically CO2 and Chlorofluorocarbons. It has also been observed that the commercial buildings and the hotels exert huge amount of negative influence on the environment.
It is also evident that the consumers need to establish a green hotel as per the view of the customers. There is an increased awareness of the damage of the environment and the immense consumption of the goods. The negative impact that the hotels exert on the environment there is a greater amount of pressure which is placed on the governments and the role players in the field of tourism for the reinforcement of eco-friendlier enterprises and the issue of green consumption in the hotels. There also needs to be a commitment towards the implementation of the ecologically sound practices. There also needs to be the saving of energy and reducing of solid waste.
The link between tourism and the environment is considered as one of the major reasons which has a huge amount of significance due to the debate on the issue of sustainability. The social and ecological impacts of the tourism industry and environmental education are considered to be negative for the environment. There are several practices which are considered in case of several hotels. These are responsible for making the environment survival and the sector is capable of making it more sustainable and friendly towards the environment. The conditions of the world and the natural resources caused the agreement regarding the topic of sustainable development at the target of the business organisations.
It has been studied that in several parts of the world the accommodation dependent sewage and the waste materials are directly given into the water bodies therefore causing the creation of health hazards and an environment which is aesthetically unpleasant. Being a component of tourism the hospitality sector is responsible for playing a significant role in the deterioration of the environment despite the fact that the impacts have not been significant compared to the effects, automobiles and the cruise ships.
Hotels being a primary accommodation have a huge role in the segment of hospitality as there are significant impacts on the economical, ecological as well as a social impact on the environment. There has been a relevant impact on the environment and therefore the issues in the hotels needs to be managed in order reduce the negative impact on the environment (Baker, Davis & Weaver, 2014).
Within the sector of the hotels the areas of impact include that of the pollution by means of solid and liquid waste, consumption of high energy and the increase in the release of the greenhouse gages which is responsible for the changes in the atmosphere. Thereafter the practices including the recycling of waste, waste management and supply of clean air are being considered as important issues in the hotels. There are a number of practices which are undertaken in the hotel sector which are considered to make the sector much more sustainable and environment friendly (Radwan, Jones & Minoli, 2012).
Research has revealed that several consumers consider themselves to be environmentally conscious and also green consumers. Therefore these hotels have adopted the principles of sustainable development in order to mirror the concerns of the customers who come to their hotels and they have also made an attempt to minimize the total energy which has been consumed at the time of the customers stay at the hotels (Wyngaard & De Lange, 2013). This has been brought about by the introduction of principles like the re-use of linen and towels. “Significant steps have also been taken by the hotels which have suitably conducted environmental audits for assessing the environmental costs of the activities concerned with the energy consumption, transport, waste generation and the local environment. The sustainability of the environment is one of the major aspects to be considered with respect to the overall sustainability of the environment (Noor & Kumar, 2014)”.
Travellers have realised the importance of the conservation of the environment and there have been instances where the people seek accommodation which supports environmentally friendly as well as sustainable tourism. The hotels around the world have given importance to this culture and there have been the development of the award-winning environmental, economic and social cultural programs which are beneficial to both the hoteliers as well as the guests.
There also has been an increased interest in the conservation of the environment and understanding regarding the impact of tourism on a specific destination. The hoteliers have assisted the tourists in experiencing and appreciating the natural spaces as well as the cultures at the time of conserving and minimizing the effects on the environment.
Illustration 1: The HI Hotel, France
“The Hi Hotel in France is basically a boutique hotel which offers a private beach as well as rooftop pool, the Hi Hotel Eco Spa and the Beach has received the Green Globe certification for its utilization of recycled paper, organic paint, eco-friendly products of cleaning and also organic food. The hotel is located in Nice, France and it is unique”. The uniqueness of the hotel is its departure from the conventional luxury, focus on the contemporary living as well as bringing about change in the ordinary spatial structures.
Illustration 2: “Hix Island House, Isla de Vieques, Puerto Rico”
“The tropical Caribbean Oasis, the Hix Island house located in the place of Puerto Rico, is responsible for offering an elegant, rustic island escape. With a relevant focus o the particular nature the Hix Island house runs on the batteries which are charged by solar power. The hotel also recycles rainwater was designed for catching the cooling winds and returns grey water to the environment.
The hotel is designed in such a way that the harmony with the countryside and upholds the concept that “less is more”. The hotel has been built to withstand the natural elements, the hotel is also earthquake, hurricane and fire proof”.
Illustration 3: “Garonga Safari Camp, Phalaborwa, Africa”
“Garonga Safari Camp, Phalaborwa, Africa is an exclusive 12 bed camp in South Africa and the resort helps and supports the local community by means of economic empowerment. The locals are offered opportunities for employment with a suitable potential for the development of a person’s career. The food and goods are sourced locally at the places where it is possible. The guests are also invited in order to offset their specific carbon footprints by means of helping the planning and the growth of the Spesbok trees in the Eastern Cape”.
The safari is run in partnership with the Steenberg Hotel in Cape Town. The camp has been designed in such a way that it blends effortlessly with the earthy surroundings. The guests are provided ways in which they can enjoy a grand experience with extraordinary views.
“Illustration 4: Lefay Resort and Spa, in the heart of Riviera dei Limoni”
“In the absolute heart of the Riviera dei Limoni, the different structures of the Five-Star resort have been integrated into the hill slopes” for the reduction of energy and dispersion of heat. The hotel is important in the sense that it focuses on the overall health and wellness a theme which is seen to be constant throughout the food, outlay as well as the overall peace of the hotel. “The interior design makes utilization of the local materials at the time of designing the hotel” and it has been fashioned with respect to the surroundings and the adjoining landscape and environment. In this connection it can be said that the rainwater has been collected and it is very clear that the “hotel has a sustainable and suitable approach” to the concept of “waste management”.
Illustration 5: Thai Beach Lodge, Port Douglas Australia
“This resort is immensely beautiful and it has been awarded with one of the highest eco-tourism accreditations. It is also Eco-certified, advanced tourism. The resort is located on a private headland which is situated between the Cairns and Port Douglas. The resort is also actively involved in assisting the environmental and rehabilitation procedures. The resort is situated on 145 acres of property and the resort invite elders of the Kuku Talanji community in order to take guests through a journey of their culture form the healing of plants for the foraging for the bush food”.
Illustration 6: Park Hyatt, Maldives
“The Park Hyatt in Maldives is responsible for the integration and of the environment as well as modern design in order to provide the guests with the best of luxury and experience. Several parts of the hotel are built over the water in the Indian Ocean in order to minimize the interference with the natural environment. The hotel has also received the silver EarthCheck certificate and is the sole resort in the Maldives to be awarded by the EarthCheck for both the design as well as construction”.
Illustration 7: Park, Hyderabad
“The hotel is situated within a 10-minute car ride from the centre of Hyderabad. The Park, Hyderabad’s stunning exterior is responsible for the maximization of the natural light, reducing the need for electricity. The green transportation bikes and the electric cares is also encouraged n the hotel. The hotel is also responsible for fuses the local culture with the exceptional design. The hotel has a Leed Gold Certification to its name”.
Illustration 8: Spice Island Beach Resort
“The resort is owned by Sir Royston Hopkin and his family. The Spice Island Beach Resort is a luxurious destination for the guests who hope for the natural beauty of the Isle of Spice. The resort has a limited distance from the famous Grand Anse Beach and the resort aims to blend and co-exist with the native environment of the island.
The resort utilizes solar heating, desalination of plants and all other forms of energy and their conservation. There is also a huge focus on the maximization of the preservation of the island by means of clean up of the community, re-plantation and non-chlorinated pools. Smoking of any nature is forbidden and this is important for the renewal of the body and soul”.
Illustration 9: Alila Vilas Soori Resort, Bali
“The resort is located on the southwest coast of Bali. The guests of this resort enjoy a relaxed haven and it is far away from the hustle and bustle of the cities. The hotel is set between the rice files and the coastline of the hotel has been designed in accordance with the Earth Check international environmental standards.
The resort is extremely water efficient and is rainwater optimized in order to meet all the water needs. More than half of the ingredients, goods and services are purchased from a specific local area”. The materials which are locally sourced have been utilized in building the resort. The materials which have been locally sourced gives an indigenous feel to suit the villas.
Illustration 10: Six senses Con Dao, Con Dao, Vietnam
“The five star resort in the archipelago islands, the resort has been considered to be one of the top eco lodges by the National Geographic traveller. It is built using sustainable building materials and the structure is designed in order to maximize the air flow to reduce the requirement for the purpose of air conditioning.
The staff and members of the resort are passionately committed to both the social responsibility by means of education as well as by reduction of the carbon footprints, the area is close to the beach and is surrounded by greens and jungles. The guests are bound to enjoy a relaxing stay in the stunning and private situations”.
There are huge amounts of waste which are generated by the guests of the hotels. There are several issues which need to be kept in mind at the time of waste management considerations of the hotels. There needs to a waste audit which helps the hotels identify the places where the hotel is creating waste and this also helps in the quantification of the recyclable materials which are presently discarded. It is needed that the items which are disposed and the quantities involved need to be identified.
There needs to be a certain focus on the efforts, the priorities and the goals which are needed for the generation of revenue from the waste materials. There needs to be a proper implementation of the programmes for management for making a contribution to the programme.
It needs to be ensured that there is a proper monitoring and evaluation of the programmes which are to be implemented. There need to be recycling bins in each of the rooms of the guests in order to ensure that the recycling is to be larger for the products.
Conclusion:
It is the duty of the people to ensure that the environment is clean and free of waste therefore the hotels also need to be eco friendly and sustainable. It is bound to take time for change in the operations and sustainability management to take place. This is possible for a hotel by means of implementation of simple changes. There needs to be a proper awareness among the hotels to ensure that they are eco-friendly. Thus it is best to make the environment as much sustainable as possible to ensure that it is a better place to live in for the humans.
References and Bibliography:
Baker, M. A., Davis, E. A., & Weaver, P. A. (2014). Eco-friendly attitudes, barriers to participation, and differences in behavior at green hotels. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 55(1), 89-99.
Basti?, M., & Goj?i?, S. (2012). Measurement scale for eco-component of hotel service quality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 1012-1020.
Chen, M. F., & Tung, P. J. (2014). Developing an extended theory of planned behavior model to predict consumers’ intention to visit green hotels. International journal of hospitality management, 36, 221-230.
Chen, R. J. (2015). From sustainability to customer loyalty: A case of full service hotels’ guests. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, 261-265.
Gao, Y. L., & Mattila, A. S. (2014). Improving consumer satisfaction in green hotels: The roles of perceived warmth, perceived competence, and CSR motive. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 42, 20-31.
Ham, S., & Han, H. (2013). Role of perceived fit with hotels’ green practices in the formation of customer loyalty: Impact of environmental concerns. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18(7), 731-748.
Horng, J. S., Liu, C. H., Chou, S. F., Tsai, C. Y., & Chung, Y. C. (2017). From innovation to sustainability: Sustainability innovations of eco-friendly hotels in Taiwan. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 63, 44-52.
Jeong, E., Jang, S. S., Day, J., & Ha, S. (2014). The impact of eco-friendly practices on green image and customer attitudes: An investigation in a café setting. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 41, 10-20.
Kapiki, S. T. (2012). Implementing sustainable practices in greek eco-friendly hotels.
Kim, Y. J., Njite, D., & Hancer, M. (2013). Anticipated emotion in consumers’ intentions to select eco-friendly restaurants: Augmenting the theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 255-262.
Kim, Y. J., Palakurthi, R., & Hancer, M. (2012). The environmentally friendly programs in hotels and customers’ intention to stay: An online survey approach. International journal of hospitality & tourism administration, 13(3), 195-214.
Kucukusta, D., Mak, A., & Chan, X. (2013). Corporate social responsibility practices in four and five-star hotels: Perspectives from Hong Kong visitors. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 19-30.
Noor, N. A. M., & Kumar, D. (2014). ECO friendly ‘activities’ VS ECO friendly ‘attitude’: Travelers intention to choose green hotels in Malaysia. World Applied Sciences Journal, 30(4), 506-513.
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Rahman, I., Reynolds, D., & Svaren, S. (2012). How “green” are North American hotels? An exploration of low-cost adoption practices. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 720-727.
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Tseng, C. J., & Kuo, Y. H. (2013). THE MEASUREMENT OF ECO-COMPONENTS OF SERVICE QUALITY IN TAIWAN’S INTERNATIONAL TOURIST HOTELS-AN EMPIRICAL CASE. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 5(3).
Wyngaard, A. T., & De Lange, R. (2013). The effectiveness of implementing eco initiatives to recycle water and food waste in selected Cape Town hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 309-316.
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