Technology is the application of know-how and knowledge for practical purposes. In the recent age and time, environment is constantly degrading and as a result, there is a need to devise methods that will help in promoting innovation and also protect and preserve the environment (De Melo, Silvestre and Silva 2014). Green technology is the use of non-toxic and environmentally friendly products to enhance technology transfer and also ensure there is innovation that does not affect the environment adversely. The green technology selected for the particular study is organic food farming and agriculture and the country selected is India. The technique is to use technology in such a way that it does not compromise the environmental sanctity (Cohen, Lobel and Perakis 2015). The four pillars of green technology are as follows:
Sustainability: the basic concept of sustainability is that the natural resources are not used by the present generation and the future generation can benefit from the natural resources. The needs of the society should be met by the present natural resources and thereafter they are also preserve indefinitely (neoh et al 2016). The natural resources should not be depleted by the present generation and conservation of resources is of utmost importance. The future is for us to preserve and therefore the technology should not be used in such a way that it damages the environment. This where the green technology comes into play as it ensures that the technology is used sparingly and non-toxic as well as environment friendly methods are applied (Dhiman et al 2015).
Source reduction: the carbon dioxide emission is one of the reasons behind the damaged environment and therefore it is of utmost importance to reduce the consumption of such products that affect the environment and also reduce the waste (Serna, Alzate and Alzate 2016). The entire production and consumption cycle should be altered so that there is a drastic reduction in the waste and hence lesser pollution.
Innovation: The ultimate goal of green technology is to use renewable sources to reduce pollution and also indulge in the innovation of techniques that will restore the environment. The need of the hour is to making such products that will be re-used and can be reclaimed in the future. One of the major goals of green technology is to reduce waste and pollution (Wells and Meyer 2014).
Viability: this is another pillar of green technology that ensures that only such products and technologies shall be used which are viable to the environment and have the potential of protecting the environment. The products should not further damage the health and also pose to be a disadvantage to the safety of the people in the planet (Kumar and Das 2016).
Organic food farming and agriculture is one of the best ways to ensure that there are no harmful pesticides and insecticides used for the production of crops and also the technique used for farming shall be ecologically viable. There are many production impediments that are faced by farmers and therefore, it is a slow but sustainable process (Ramaniand Thutupalli 2015). There is a high demand for using high quality as well as healthy crops that are produced in an environmentally healthy way. Therefore, with the help of green technology, there shall be use of products and equipment which will streamline the production of crops in an environmentally conducive way. The use of perfect products shall reduce the hazardous effects of those on humans and also will help to curb the human activities to keep in mind the environment (Basu 2018).
India is an agriculture dense country where the major source of income is through farming and agriculture. The Indian Government has tried to devise many techniques to ensure that there is a wide integration of technology with renewed methods for crop growth and production (Ockwell and Byrne2016). Along with India, there are other developing countries who do not have the right resources to develop eco-friendly techniques. To achieve this goal, the Government has also tried to renew their partnerships with the farmers and make collaborations with high intensity labs and professional scientists. Innovation has various social and ecological impacts along with economic impacts and therefore it is mandatory to integrate technology with innovation (Mohanty and Prakash 2014). Organic culture is a step towards ensuring that the future generation will have access to clean and healthy water along with foods that will produced from ecologically sustainable and fair method. There are various ways to reach this objective but also there is an impediment to the implementation of this step as there are various restrictions like market policies as well as governmental mandates (Sagafi-Nejad et al 2017). The Technology Innovation Platform of IFOAM-Organics International has concluded a strategy as well as vision to study the impact of using these techniques on future crops and ways to implement research and innovation techniques.
Technology transfer is the method of assimilation of technology and breaking the boundary of borders to take certain that there is free flow of technology across borders and that will also help in the diffusion of know-how and knowledge (Gandenbergeret al 2016). International technology transfer has been agreed upon by most nations to help the developing nations gain the technology from the high economy countries. It is important for the developing countries to take the advantage of the technology transfer with more emphasis on the developing countries try to gather the expertise and knowledge form the developed economy rich countries. The developing countries lack the expertise to turn their technology into innovative techniques that will ensure the learning potential of the countries. Poor countries which are rich in agriculture are devising plans under the regime of WIPO to incorporate techniques to effectuate their learning potential (Majidpur 2017).
The developing countries face various impediments that arise from many general factors like lack of awareness as well as some sociological and economic deterrence. Countries which are rich in agriculture also fail to incorporate the technologies that are facilitated with the help of international frameworks. The recipient countries, the technologies should favour the incorporation of ideas that will help the developing countries reach their full potential and maximize their growth and productivity. The developing countries should imbibe scientific and technological research to make the best of the efforts of the international agreements. The multinationals are rich in terms of economy and also they have enough resources to fund other countries who are not economically sustainable (Del Giudice, Carayannis and Maggioni 2017). Therefore, the multinationals help the local farmers by giving them financial aid and also by ensuring that the meet the innovation goals that their country needs. The private sectors of the economies of poor countries should be amply funded so that the global innovation chain is maintained and also the networks are aligned to uphold the governmental policies of those countries. The multinationals, therefore should get into joint ventures with the local partners and also loop in the local agents so that there is a robust growth of technology.
Technology transfer, therefore, is done on a multi-level communication process where there are multiple senders and multiple receivers and there is a sharing of ideas and materials. The major role players are the governmental bodies and also the private enterprises which also take into account the roles played by schools, research institutes and so on and so forth. Coming to grass root level development in villages where there is more emphasis on agriculture, it is important to consider traditional communities and focus on their development models. Adoption-diffusion is the method that is applied by traditional communities as that helps them study the indigenous capacities that should be applied to transfer the technology and generate more agriculturally sound and robust techniques.
In case of organic agricultural, the local innovation techniques are applied to expedite the sustainable pathways to reach bigger achievements. The aim is to make the best of the techniques that are provided to the farmers and by making them easily accessible and affordable, the farmers can harness the crops and also provide high quality edibles. The burden of the country to meet the food requirements which are ecologically viable. Therefore, the local innovators foster more growth and also economic collaboration with researchers and implement techniques that will help in the growth of organic culture. The local innovation technique shall also include private as well as public funding and the stakeholders should be able to maximize their benefit from the organic food and farming process. The sustainable developments goals of the millennium which have been ratified by and agreed upon by many countries to help the flora and fauna should be highly implemented and thereafter the government policy led innovation techniques on efficient global marketing should be undertaken. With the help of green technology, the impact shall be mostly felt by the local farmers as they are at the helm of affairs and they are the ones responsible for the facilitation of growth and development. Organizational frameworks should be done to meet the needs of the society and the best way to ensure that there is greater biodiversity in cases of organic foods, it shall be imperative for the farmers to combine stable economic development with organic practices.
The relation between technology transfer and innovation is that of symbiotic. Both of them are dependent on each other and both benefit from each other. Technology transfer is one of the finest reasons why India is growing so robustly in terms of green technology. International technology focuses on the fact that there shall be effective steps to make sure that there is reduced carbon emission and as a result there shall be enhanced economic development. The ways in which technology transfer takes place is through the process of wind power and using solar energy. The traditional as well as conventional technology transfer deal with licensing as well as industry formation as these are effective steps to maintaining more development. The reason why China and India are one of the major growing countries in terms of green technology is because the unconventional technology methods are being applied by these countries to make the best efforts to reach the goals the end result of maximizing green technology is to develop more research and development and also use environment friendly equipment.
Sustainable development can be built with the help of technology and mostly it is found that whenever there is technology transfer, the agriculture industry will be built and also the concerned states will function up to the mark of reaching their social goals. The agroecosystems are built heavily on the influence of technology and big countries with their advanced innovations help the local investors. The main aim is to help the citizens and also help and protect the environment. Organic farming is said to be the best way that can ensure that there is social benefit and also the environment is protected as the local investors are made to best of the achievements of the bigger economies. The international frameworks and the legislations have ensured that the social parameters are taken into account and also there is preservation of energy with the help of green technology.
Conclusion
Green technology, therefore, when combined with the use of the principles of economic and social values can be held to be the best response to dealing with the hazards. Therefore, it can be said that technology transfer boosts the economy and also promotes innovation. Innovation is again a broad term which brings under its realm all the efforts that are undertaken by the policy makers and also the ones managing the situation as it will boost the economic capacity of the country and also place it in the global market. A country can only be said to be progressing if it can take care of its citizens and therefore it is a prerequisite for the country to keep in mind the needs of the people and the technological advancements that have to be kept in mind while dealing with the issues of economic detriments.
References
Basu, A., 2018. Grasping Climate Technology Transfer: A Brief Discussion on Indian Practice.
Cohen, M.C., Lobel, R. and Perakis, G., 2015. The impact of demand uncertainty on consumer subsidies for green technology adoption. Management Science, 62(5), pp.1235-1258.
De Melo, M.M.R., Silvestre, A.J.D. and Silva, C.M., 2014. Supercritical fluid extraction of vegetable matrices: applications, trends and future perspectives of a convincing green technology. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 92, pp.115-176.
Del Giudice, M., Carayannis, E.G. and Maggioni, V., 2017. Global knowledge intensive enterprises and international technology transfer: emerging perspectives from a quadruple helix environment. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(2), pp.229-235.
Dhiman, S.S., Haw, J.R., Kalyani, D., Kalia, V.C., Kang, Y.C. and Lee, J.K., 2015. Simultaneous pretreatment and saccharification: green technology for enhanced sugar yields from biomass using a fungal consortium. Bioresource technology, 179, pp.50-57.
Gandenberger, C., Bodenheimer, M., Schleich, J., Orzanna, R. and Macht, L., 2016. Factors driving international technology transfer: Empirical insights from a CDM project survey. Climate Policy, 16(8), pp.1065-1084.
Kumar, S. and Das, S.K., 2016. Geopolymer Research In India For Sustainable Green Technology.
Majidpour, M., 2017. International technology transfer and the dynamics of complementarity: A new approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 122, pp.196-206.
Mohanty, R.P. and Prakash, A., 2014. Green supply chain management practices in India: an empirical study. Production Planning & Control, 25(16), pp.1322-1337.
Neoh, C.H., Noor, Z.Z., Mutamim, N.S.A. and Lim, C.K., 2016. Green technology in wastewater treatment technologies: integration of membrane bioreactor with various wastewater treatment systems. Chemical Engineering Journal, 283, pp.582-594.
Ockwell, D. and Byrne, R., 2016. Sustainable energy for all: Innovation, technology and pro-poor green transformations. Routledge.
Ramani, S.V. and Thutupalli, A., 2015. Emergence of controversy in technology transitions: Green Revolution and Bt cotton in India. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 100, pp.198-212.
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