Nurses play a crucial role in the delivery of quality health service as they are involved in all aspect of infirmary quality, including assistance with operations, medication and bedside management, and patient care (Flum, 2015). Also, they are directly involved in assessing and monitoring patients and performing instant intrusions to reduce complications or risks (Almaramhy, 2017). However, nurses are required to understand developmental stages so that they can provide quality care for their patients. For instance, a pediatric patient will be handled differently when compared to an adult. The paper will use case study 1 which is of a ten-year girl called Anne. Anne was presented at the emergency department with right iliac fossa pain. On further assessment the surgical team agreed that Anne has appendicitis and she was taken to theater for an appendectomy. Referring to Anne’s case the paper will discuss family centered care approach, effect of hospitalization on the child and the family, growth and development theory and the pathophysiology of appendicitis.
Appendicitis alludes to the tenderness in the inner covering of the appendix. The condition often causes fever, pain and loss of appetite. According to Rentea, Peter, & Snyder, (2017). appendicitis is a typical condition among the preschool children. The ailment happens when the appendix winds up and gets blocked, bacteria in the appendiceal lumen begins to multiply, and the appendix ends up clogged. Therefore, the bacteria infect the appendix which progresses to gangrene (Davidson et al., (2017). In most cases when the appendix is infected with the bacteria it perforates. The function of the appendix is not clearly stated however, the existence of lymphatic tissue indicates that it has a role in the immune system. Appendicectomy is an invasive procedure that prevent the development appendicitis. Referring from Anne’s case it is clear that her appendix was gangrenous perforated with peritonitis because of the presence of bacteria on the peritoneal surface. In most patient severe appendicitis is because of luminal abstraction.
Growth and developmental theories play a critical role in pediatric nursing as it provides an in-depth understanding of a child’s needs and reasoning capacity (Regan, Curtin, & Vorderer, 2017). Jean Piaget theory is directly appropriate to the nursing care of pediatric patients. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development argues that a child’s view of the world is influenced by maturation ability, age, and experience. Typically, for a nurse to provide the quality nursing care, he or he must understand a child’s thought process.
Moreover, health instruction is tailored to the undersigning of intellectual stages. For example, explaining to Anne about his condition will be different when explaining to an adult with a similar situation. When the child is between age 6 to 12 years, it is proper to include the child in health talk because at this stage the child has a concrete reasoning capacity and they perform skills related to their health care.
Furthermore, understanding a child’s cognitive level will help a nurse to prepare appropriate procedure that will facilitate progression and not regression (Regan, Curtin, & Vorderer, 2017). In the case of Anne who is at the concrete operational stage, she can reason and understand the causes and effect of appendicitis. Therefore, it is the role of the nurse to give clear and comprehensive information about the nasogastric tube.
Also, Erickson stages of psychosocial development are essential in a pediatric setting as it helps the nurse to communicate effectively with children because envisioning a child’s behavior make it relaxed to connect with a child. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development social practice might have a negative or positive impact on the progress of an individual personality. At the age of 10 a child can gain an intellect of self-worth; thus, it is critical to involve them in their health care. Referring to the case study 1 Anne who is 10 years old is at industry and inferiority stage. Therefore, it is indispensable to communicate in a way that will help the child to understand about her condition and how to take care of the nasogastric tube.
Family-centered service is a technique of working with family members, both informally and formally, across health care system to adorn their capacity to protect and to care for their children. The mechanism is based on a mutually partnership between the patient, health care providers and parent. Also, it focuses on a child’s needs and safety within the background of their household. The mechanism ensures that economic, social, culture, ethnic, racial, and diversity of a household is respected (Payne, & Isaacs, 2017). The approach is aimed at achieving an optimal outcome by involving the family in decision making. In family-centered care, the family is presumed to know what is best for their child and themselves. Therefore, Anne will need support from both the clinicians and the family. According to Payne, & Isaacs, (2017) hospitalized children usually experience severe emotional problems which might interfere with active health care. Recent studies have shown that, developmental, emotional, and social support is an ultimate facet of health care in hospitalized children. Typically, the approach recognizes the important role of the family in the health outcome of their admitted child (Payne, & Isaacs, 2017).
Culture is an example of practices, thoughts, and traditions shared by a specific community. Culture impacts health. For instance, it influences the discernment about reasons for diseases, and methodologies of health advancements (Crain, 2015). Normally, both health experts and patients get affected by their culture. Anne’s family are Indians because they run an Indian restaurant. In Indian culture the family is essential therefore, it is vital for the physician to ensure that the treatment revolves around the family. Also, health care providers are supposed to create rapport and to check with the family first before making any decision.
Normally, kids vary in their ability to deal with the clinic environment. Kids who are hospitalized regularly get gifts, consideration, and extraordinary attention. Referring to case study one Anne’s siblings will be emotional as they try to understand and deal with the changes in their family lifestyle and routine. The response of the relatives might include, sadness, loneliness, resentment, and worry. Regardless of, the hostile effect of this upsetting time it can also have a positive impact on the siblings such as being resilient, mature and understanding. Typically, Anne will experience emotional difficulties like anxiety and fear because of the nasogastric tube and the hospital environment. Additionally, relatives will have emotional difficulties, for example, yearning to go home and depression. The response of the siblings may incorporate stress, depression, and resentment.
furthermore, hospitalizing a child in the hospital will hinder his or her social interaction with friends which is essential to their growth (Zisberg et al., 2015). Also, in both sibling, and parents there will be a change in routines such as, walking, bathing, and sleeping. The change in routine and lifestyle will affect their social life. When a child is hospitalized a sense of industry will be hindered because the child will be limited at school work and making friends.
Conclusion
Nurses play a critical role in the delivery of quality health service as they are involved in all aspect of infirmary quality, including assistance with operations, medication and bedside management, and patient care. Also, they are directly involved in assessing and monitoring patients and performing instant intrusions to reduce complications or risks. However, nurses are required to understand developmental stages so that they can provide quality care for their patients. Appendicitis alludes to the tenderness in the inner covering of the appendix. The condition often causes fever, pain and loss of appetite.
Moreover, Growth and developmental theories play a critical role in pediatric nursing as it provides an in-depth understanding of a child’s learning and growth stages. For example, Jean Piaget theory is directly appropriate to the nursing care of pediatric patients. The mechanism is based on a mutually partnership between the patient, health care providers and parent. Also, it focuses on a child’s needs and safety within the background of their household. The approach ensures that economic, social, culture, ethnic, racial, and diversity of a household is respected
Normally, kids vary in their ability to deal with the clinic environment. Kids who are hospitalized regularly get gifts, consideration, and extraordinary attention. However, they are faced with some degree of emotional conflicts due to new experience at the infirmary and separation from their family.
References
Almaramhy, H. H. (2017). Acute appendicitis in young children less than 5 years. Italian journal of pediatrics, 43(1), 15.
Crain, W. (2015). Theories of Development: Concepts and Applications: Concepts and Applications. Psychology Press.
Davidson, J. E., Aslakson, R. A., Long, A. C., Puntillo, K. A., Kross, E. K., Hart, J., … & Netzer, G. (2017). Guidelines for family-centered care in the neonatal, pediatric, and adult ICU. Critical care medicine, 45(1), 103-128.
Flum, D. R. (2015). Acute appendicitis—appendectomy or the “antibiotics first” strategy. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(20), 1937-1943.
Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D., & Rodgers, C. C. (2016). Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
McKinney, E. S., James, S. R., Murray, S. S., Nelson, K., & Ashwill, J. (2017). Maternal-Child Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Payne, V. G., & Isaacs, L. D. (2017). Human motor development: A lifespan approach. Routledge.
Regan, K. M., Curtin, C., & Vorderer, L. (2017). Paradigm shifts in inpatient psychiatric care of children: approaching child?and family?centered care. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 30(4), 186-194.
Rentea, R. M., Peter, S. D. S., & Snyder, C. L. (2017). Pediatric appendicitis: state of the art review. Pediatric surgery international, 33(3), 269-283.
Zisberg, A., Shadmi, E., Gur?Yaish, N., Tonkikh, O., & Sinoff, G. (2015). Hospital?associated functional decline: The role of hospitalization processes beyond individual risk factors. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63(1), 55-62.
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