Discuss about the Cardiovascular Health and Rehabilitation Association.
Health promotion is processing of enabling people in controlling health determinants hence improving their health, (“World Health Organization,” 2018). Over the years, coronary heart disease (CDH) has been one of the causes of morbidity and death in many areas around the world, whereby 80% of the population suffered from obesity in Australia. CDH progresses when coronary arteries become dented or diseased mostly by cholesterol-containing deposits (plaque) and inflammation of the arteries, (Dawber, 2015). The buildup of plaque narrows coronary arteries decreasing the blood flow to the heart, which may cause chest pains, shortness of, breathe and complete blockage causes a heart attack, (“LibGuides: Nursing Guide: NUR329”, 2018). CDH develops over decades, one might not notice a problem until a total blockage or heart attack, but there are significant ways to prevent CDH such as a healthy life, whereby dietic caloric restrictions and regular exercise helps in controlling obesity which is a risk factor of CDH, thus coming up with health promotion on CDH awareness with a risk factor of obesity among all indigenous people living in Bagot community.
The health promotion of Obesity risk factor for CDH awareness will focus all age of indigenous people living in Bagot community in Darwin. Bagot was established in 1938 as an Aboriginal reserve to control and manage Aboriginal people from remote areas. According to 2016 census, the estimated population of the Aboriginal people living in the region was 400 where there are more female than male, (“Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government,” 2018). CDH commonly affects the old age people. However, men are at higher risk while women increase their risk as they approach menopause, (“Department of Health | Chronic Conditions,” 2018). The health promotion program targets this population to intervene their health status and come up with health awareness to reduce obesity in Aboriginal people of Bagot Community.
This health promotion will be of great importance to Aboriginal people regarding the 2012-2013 overweight and obesity data whereby around 30%, that is one in three children aged 2- 14 years were either overweight, that is 20% or obese 10%. The 62% of the Aboriginal children were in healthy weight, and 8% were classified as underweight, (“4727.0.55.006 – Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey: Updated Results, 2012–13”, 2018).
Aboriginal females had greater obesity rates than males in all age groups, that is from 18 years onwards. However, the statistical significance difference between female and male rates were people in 25-34 and 45-54 years with 7% and 13% respectively. The rates for 15 years and over Aboriginal people rates with overweight/obesity were higher in non-remote areas than remote areas that is 67% compared with 62%, (Woodruffe et al., 2015).This indicates that there are high obesity rates in non-remote areas that is 38% than in remote areas of 34%.
In regard with this data, the health promotion on awareness of obesity as a risk factor for CDH is of great importance among the targeted population, as there is evidence to support background information on cases of obesity among the community. A significant percentage of the population scores highly on this risk factor. Thus it is better to come up with a health promotion awareness to change the lifestyle of the Aboriginal people to prevent CHD from obesity as a risk factor.
The health promotion is set to accomplish the goal of reduction in CDH disease among the people of the Aboriginal population in the community by 20% while reducing deaths by 10% in Bagot society by the year 2024 through obesity awareness as leading factor for the disease. Despite various age standardization of CDH, deaths continue to occur by this disease leading to mortality and morbidity rates in Darwin, (“NUR329 Public Health”, 2018). The effects if CDH does not only lead to loss of life but also leads to direct or indirect medical costs. The goal of improving health and wellbeing status among the targeted group will be achieved through various objectives that increase awareness and change the lifestyle influencing the public policy, delivering services that are more effective and creating healthier environments through strategic planning. In early care education centers and schools, shall include classroom curriculum with nutrition lessons to provide knowledge on causes of early obesity in children, (Wang et al., 2015).
In this promotion prevention program, both primary and secondary prevention components shall be used. Primary prevention consists of evidence-based programs that are applied in preschools, fundamental schools, public settings and healthcare clinics. The implementation of this program will be feasible in the early care education settings as an initial measure of obesity. Also, Coordinate approach to child health has been of cultural relevance and appropriate whereby its result will be of great significance for effective obesity prevention, (Cauchi, 2016). However it needs community support and other efforts to have a long-term change.
Another primary prevention is through a community such as environmental policy change training, an advisory committee among the Aboriginal people, which will set meetings, enhancing ordinations on the management of obesity that is a severe risk factor for CHD, (Daniels, 2015). The health promotion and policy change training activity shall be implemented on grassroots so that to influence a change of food. In this promotion, a three training session is recommended which will have a participant of 30-40 participants of the Aboriginals people of Bagot community per session. The training shall include community leaders who will emphasize on behavioral targets on people with high risks of obesity which will eventually suffer from CHD if not controlled. Healthcare clinics also play an essential role in primary prevention of obesity risk factor for CHD. The healthcare shall consist of training and counseling in mainly three areas, that is, BMI screening, Obesity counseling and electric health record to support the promotion of health on obesity awareness on CHD.
Secondary prevention measures shall also be used in this promotion program to reduce obesity among the Aboriginals people in Bagot community. Psychological tests and anthropometrics is one of the models that has to be implemented whereby trained staff shall use standardized equipment and calibrate processes to measure the body weight of each person the community, (De, 2014). Bioelectrical impedance shall be used in measuring fat-free mass and fat mass. The obesity status shall be characterized using a cut off for overweight BMI>25 and obesity as BMI>30. Physical fitness is another secondary measure that helps in preventing obesity. The aerobic eligibility is determined by a consistent, validated and height adjusted-test.
Secondary prevention program components should also be incorporated to reduce the obesity risk factor for CHD. An intervention for 12 months shall be set for overweight and obese people in the community, having an intensive month which shall include mind exercise nutrition for the preschool age of a 2-5 year and those children between 6-12 year who will adopt the Coordinate approach to childcare activities such as youth sports. Initial data indicates that mind exercise nutrition is acceptable and encourages effects of BMI which eventually changes behaviors related to obesity, (Lavie, 2015).
Another program to be included in the transition program for nine months, which will consist of post program sessions where the whole community shall attent (parent and children), (Kotseva et al., 2016). The session shall include mind exercise nutrion while for children the coordinate approach to child health activities such as games and comic books. Parents shall also receive weekly text messages to increase reinforcement of the interventions to reduce obesity among the Aboriginals people in Bagot community.
The health promotion on CHD does target not only the Aboriginal people of Bagot community but also involves other communities like Torres Straight Island people surrounding Darwin. To carry out the activity, stakeholders such as the public health officers should be incorporated in the promotion to give guidelines on the following obesity trends in the community. Also the Australian Bureau of Standards will help in updating data on current population and health survey across the area.
Health message for this health promotion is creating awareness on Obesity as a risk factor for CHD among Aboriginal people in Bagot community in Darwin, is mainly creating an awareness education of the risk factor, (“Medscape Log In”, 2018). Looking at the traditional approach, people ignore the underlying obesity and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome that is a risk factor to CHD. Obesity is an independent risk factor contributing to CHD; hence, a comprehensive approach is needed in the reduction of the risk factor.
To communicate the message of this health program to the entire community, the following activities will be considered for the success of the promotion. Option 1 will be via media, which is through radio stations and Televisions in the selected region of the target population. These are meant to demonstrate the full variability of attitudes in enhancing an active health promotion. However, most people in the area might neglect this activity, thus coming up with a national theme of “Control Obesity to Avoid Coronary Heart Disease” Awareness that will cut across the selected region, (Hoelscher et al., 2015). A date for this activity shall be set, whereby the population will be educated on various means of how to prevent CHD by managing obesity e and avoid mortality and morbidity rates. Other mechanisms such as posters on dangers of Obesity leads to CDH on human health shall be displayed in various places accessible by the targeted group. The awareness shall also be created through activities such as sports and games that shall be organized within the community. The acknowledgment of the promotion shall be considered operational by conducting campaigns against Obesity in Aboriginal people which lead to CHD disease among the Bagot community in Darwin.
The health promotion will be of success because of the most methods used awareness are cost effective. Television programs that will be incorporated might be of challenging because probably the program might be on but the target population most of the people might not be watching it. The health promotion will be of significant benefits to the community even if it takes time because it has to be incorporated into the community program, but its long-term goals will result to a great future fostering the community health by reducing the CDH disease in the region. The options that will be used in this health program are of great importance, especially the posts on different noticeboards in public. However, the primary challenge of the outcome of the health promotion will depend on the community corporation on the events. Suggesting, the target community responds accordingly, the promotion will be of success, and if the community does not respond to the proposed means of awareness, the promotion will further consult and come up with other methods on awareness of CDH.
Conclusion
Obesity is one of the significant risk factors for coronary heart disease, which occurs gradually and eventually leads to morbidity and death. To prevent the risk factors, apart from health considerations, health promotions are also used to awareness on the dangers of obesity that can lead to CHD. According to previous data, a significant percentage of Aboriginals people of Bagot community had had cases of obesity in all ages, where children and males had a more significant percentage. Primary and secondary preventions components can help to intervene the risk factor of obesity, to achieve the health promotion goals of 20% morbidity and 10% mortality rate among the Aboriginals people by the year 2024. The promotion seems to be of success if the community responds positively to the preventive interventions and activities that will cut across the region creating awareness on obesity as a risk factor of CHD.
References
4727.0.55.006 – Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey: Updated Results, 2012–13. (2018). Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 21 April 2018, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/ab[email protected]/Lookup/by%20Subject/4727.0.55.006~2012%E2%80%9313~Main%20Features~Overweight%20and%20obesity~12
Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. (2018). Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 21 April 2018, from https://abs.gov.au/
Cauchi, D., Glonti, K., Petticrew, M., & Knai, C. (2016). Environmental components of childhood obesity prevention interventions: an overview of systematic reviews. Obesity reviews, 17(11), 1116-1130.
Daniels, S. R., & Hassink, S. G. (2015). The role of the pediatrician in primary prevention of obesity. Pediatrics, 136(1), e275-e292.
Dawber, T. R., Moore, F. E., & Mann, G. V. (2015). II. Coronary heart disease in the Framingham study. International journal of epidemiology, 44(6), 1767-1780.
De Schutter, Alban, Carl J. Lavie, and Richard V. Milani. (2014). “The impact of obesity on risk factors and prevalence and prognosis of coronary heart disease—the obesity paradox.” Progress in cardiovascular diseases 56, no. 4:401-408.
Department of Health | Chronic Conditions. (2018). Health.gov.au. Retrieved 21 April 2018, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/chronic-disease
Hoelscher, D. M., Butte, N. F., Barlow, S., Vandewater, E. A., Sharma, S. V., Huang, T., & Oluyomi, A. O. (2015). Incorporating primary and secondary prevention approaches to address childhood obesity prevention and treatment in a low-income, ethnically diverse population: study design and demographic data from the Texas Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (TX CORD) study. Childhood obesity, 11(1), 71-91.
Kotseva, Kornelia, David Wood, Dirk De Bacquer, Guy De Backer, Lars Rydén, Catriona Jennings, Viveca Gyberg et al. (2016). “EUROASPIRE IV: A European Society of Cardiology survey on the lifestyle, risk factor and therapeutic management of coronary patients from 24 European countries.” European journal of preventive cardiology 23, no. 6:636-648.
Lavie, C. J., De Schutter, A., & Milani, R. V. (2015). Healthy obese versus unhealthy lean: the obesity paradox. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 11(1), 55.
LibGuides: Nursing Guide: NUR329. (2018). Libguides.cdu.edu.au. Retrieved 21 April 2018, from https://libguides.cdu.edu.au/c.php?g=167925&p=5567219
Medscape Log In. (2018). Medscape.org. Retrieved 21 April 2018, from https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/573690
NUR329 Public Health. (2018). Scoop.it. Retrieved 21 April 2018, from https://www.scoop.it/t/nur329-public-health-challenges-in-chronic-and-complex-nursing
Wang, Y., Cai, L., Wu, Y., Wilson, R. F., Weston, C., Fawole, O., & Chiu, D. T. (2015). What childhood obesity prevention programmes work? A systematic review and meta?analysis. Obesity reviews, 16(7), 547-565.
Woodruffe, S., Neubeck, L., Clark, R. A., Gray, K., Ferry, C., Finan, J., & Briffa, T. G. (2015). Australian Cardiovascular Health and Rehabilitation Association (ACRA) core components of cardiovascular disease secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation 2014. Heart, Lung and Circulation, 24(5), 430-441.
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