Discuss about the Health Sciences of Statistical Estimation Reveals.
Alcohol is the second largest contributor to drug based addiction after tobacco in Australia. It causes effects in both short and as well as in the long term. This issue is significant and needs to be addressed because “alcohol-related harm” is vital cause of morbidity and mortality in Australia. In between 2004 to 2005 the annual cost of the alcohol-related Australian community, social problems was estimated at $15.3 billion. The harms that can be brought about by consumption of alcohol are accidents, physical harms, injuries and detrimental effects on an individual’s body (Moodie et al., 2013).
The cause of the rate of elevation of this addiction is due to certain advertisements. These promotional advertisements are related to alcohol should be abolished as it is increasing the children’s interest in the drug. Statistical estimation reveals that one out of three young individuals with the age between twelve to sixteen are engaged in binge drinking and a similar fraction of the young individuals aged sixteen to twenty one were engaged in hazardous drinking. There are several determinants that contribute to the alcohol abuse in the youth of Australia. The most significant determinants of alcohol are the social and the economic factors (Moodie et al., 2013).
According to Toumbourou et al. (2014), the data recorded through survey twenty percentages of the young ones above the age of twenty five have developed the habit of hazardous drinking. This problem has lead to the death of three thousand young individuals, and sixty five thousand were hospitalized every year. According to various statistics, the teenagers between the age of twelve to sixteen in Australia have developed this addiction and the young ones between the age of sixteen to twenty are engaged in hazardous drinking. For example, the advertisement policies developed by the “Australian Communication and Media Authority” (Hildebrand et al., 2013).
Alcohol consumption is related to a wide variety of physical, mental and also social harms.The related health impacts of alcohol are quite severe. Some of the affects are a cardiovascular disease such as high blood pressure, shortness of breath, cardiac failure, etc., alcohol being carcinogenic can cause liver, colorectum, pharynx, larynx, etc. cancer. Moreover, consumption of alcohol may lead to diabetes, liver diseases such as cirrhosis, mental problems ch as depression, anxiety, etc. and also causes negative structural and metabolic changes in the brain (Toumbourou et al., 2014).
In terms of the economic impacts of the alcohol consumption, the teenagers or young individual’s addiction might lead to a shortage of money due to high expenditure on the related drug. These also elevate the medical and legal expenses. As stated by Chan et al. (2016), Social impacts of alcohol involve violence, crime, aggression, emotional disturbance, etc. Teenagers generally remain emotionally disturbed after alcohol consumption due to unacceptable social circumstances and no support from the family and peers.
He risks factor associated with alcohol consumption is the result of a broad range of health, social, economic harms. The risk factors of alcohol consumption involve road accidents, domestic violence, public violence, crime, brain damage, liver disease, wider social dysfunction and family breakdown (Lam et al., 2015).
The “Australian National Alcohol Campaign” was designed with a key tagline “Don’t turn a night out into a nightmare.” This campaign was structured in order to restrict the alcohol sponsorship of sport-related organization and prohibition of the alcohol linked advertisement during any sports events. Moreover, the campaign also aimed to promote teenagers and young individuals to give a thought of their choices about consumption of alcohol, and especially the probable negative consequences of unwarranted alcohol consumption. As discussed by Howard, et al. (2014), disproportionate drinking can direct to severe alcohol linked harm. The consequences of drinking may include health tribulations, violence, injury and social problems. The social problems involve the breakdown of relationships. The specific, campaign messages include:
The sport has been regarded to be one of the primary, modes of the advertising of alcohol and drinking to the wide-ranging population.
Alcohol good sponsorship of sporting organizations, events, and teams can be looked from an ethical outlook.
The involvement of alcohol goods with sports and sportsperson can have an effect on the community perceptions and individual actions.
Policies that give access to the promotion of the alcohol brand such as “Loi Evin,” it should be limited to messages and images which refer to the features of the product, for example, strength, origin, composition, etc. Moreover, the channels of promotion should be limited.
Adoption of policies of the organizations such as “Australian Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance,”Alcohol Policy Coalition,” etc. by the Australian sports industry can promote health.
Teenagers aged 15-17 years and young adults aged 18-25 years –
“Avoiding drinking to intoxication can have a range of social and health benefits” (Rowland et al. (2014).
The primary target audience –
According to Livingston (2014), the Australian government bodies use a series of actions to reduce alcohol-related damage in the society, involving taxation, putting restrictions on the epoch and location from where alcohol could be purchased, amendable promotion and marketing, imparting education and knowledge, and supporting medical treatment programs.
The secondary target audience –
The sportsperson and the alcohol industry are the two entities that have the power to revolutionize and bring changes. The sportsman can reject the alcohol related advertisement and promote the policies and marketing of consequences of consumption of alcohol. The alcohol business also supports a variety of harm reduction initiatives.
The community-level institutions or organizations play a significant part in delivering community awareness campaigns, and researchers learn harm minimization strategies. Some of the approaches taken by the community-based organizations are “liquor accords,” dry zones,” etc. to reduce the marketing of alcohol (Hildebrand et al. 2013).
The message is targeted mainly for the stakeholders such as the policy makers, practitioners, etc. who can be about changes or modifications in the policies to reduce the alcohol consumption risk in the teenagers and the young adults of Australia.
The mode of communication of the campaign would be television to have a broader effect on the government and other administrative bodies. Generally, television is an excellent medium for giving short, straightforward messages, evoking poignant reactions. Radio shares similar advantages like television and it is less expensive. This allows larger repetition of the communications. “The print media” are less capable to command concentration than the broadcast media, but this can be used to reach barely defined target crowd, particularly policy-makers and society opinion leaders. The Internet is becoming one more consequential medium for community service campaigns, in particular for teenagers and the youth (Jones & Gordon, 2013).
The method of communication to the government would be firstly through television. Once the message is being recognized by the government, the implementations or recommendations for the policy changes could be done through formal report addressed to the government. Even the mode of communication to the policy makers and sports organizations would be a formal report where request for changes such as “excise taxes,” Citizen action to decrease marketable and social accessibility of alcohol” and “minimum legal drinking age of twenty one” would be recommended (Rowland et al. (2014).
As discussed by Rowland et al. (2014), other strategies to each the youth would be conduct survey and through questionnaires the reason and rate of individual victimized could be counted, and information could be gathered to bring about further change in the present scenario of Australia. Moreover, youth leadership should be promoted.
References:
Chan, G. C., Kelly, A. B., Connor, J. P., Hall, W. D., Young, R. M., & Williams, J. W. (2016). Does parental monitoring and disapproval explain variations in alcohol use among adolescents from different countries of birth?. Drug and alcohol review.
Hildebrand, J., Maycock, B., Howat, P., Burns, S., Allsop, S., Dhaliwal, S., & Lobo, R. (2013). Investigation of alcohol-related social norms among youth aged 14–17 years in Perth, Western Australia: protocol for a respondent-driven sampling study. BMJ open, 3(10), e003870.
Hildebrand, J., Maycock, B., Howat, P., Burns, S., Allsop, S., Dhaliwal, S., & Lobo, R. (2013). Investigation of alcohol-related social norms among youth aged 14–17 years in Perth, Western Australia: protocol for a respondent-driven sampling study. BMJ open, 3(10), e003870.
Howard, S. J., Gordon, R., & Jones, S. C. (2014). Australian alcohol policy 2001–2013 and implications for public health. BMC public health, 14(1), 1.
Jones, S. C., & Gordon, R. (2013). Regulation of alcohol advertising: policy options for Australia.
Lam, T., Lenton, S. R., Burns, L., Aiken, A., Ogeil, R., Gilmore, W. T., … & Allsop, S. J. (2015). Alcohol policy impact on young risky drinkers and their support for proposed measures. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 39(2), 129-134.
Livingston, M. (2014). Trends in nonâ€Âdrinking among Australian adolescents.Addiction, 109(6), 922-929.
Moodie, R., Stuckler, D., Monteiro, C., Sheron, N., Neal, B., Thamarangsi, T., … & Lancet NCD Action Group. (2013). Profits and pandemics: prevention of harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink industries. The Lancet, 381(9867), 670-679.
Rowland, B., Toumbourou, J. W., Satyen, L., Tooley, G., Hall, J., Livingston, M., & Williams, J. (2014). Associations between alcohol outlet densities and adolescent alcohol consumption: A study in Australian students. Addictive behaviors, 39(1), 282-288.
Toumbourou, J. W., Evansâ€ÂWhipp, T. J., Smith, R., Hemphill, S. A., Herrenkohl, T. I., & Catalano, R. F. (2014). Adolescent predictors and environmental correlates of young adult alcohol use problems. Addiction,109(3), 417-424.
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