Health care service industry is one of the most developing industries in recent times. New Zealand has one of the most comprehensive health care system in the world which is basically developed on the inbuild need of the Kiwis to examine that every resident there gets a ‘fair go’ health providence in their life (Abdelhak, Grostick & Hanken, 2014). The core purpose of the report is to provide a holistic purview of the health care system in New Zealand. Heavy government subsidies provide great benefit of public health care services and service is either free of cost or of very low cost (Batalden et al., 2016). Government involvement is also emphasized in this report and how it provides funding for service care in health organizations is also explained.
There are main three sectional heads which provide a synopsis of prevalent health care system, governmental support, theories of health care, integrative care and revenue considerations. The final section includes explanation of various health professions, job descriptions and some issue that might be faced by the health practitioners in future. For the report work the primary healthcare service organization Stoddard Road Medical Centre is chosen. A brief introduction of the organization is provided in the next section.
The organization Stoddard Road Medical Centre (SRMC) emphasis on the words ‘you and your health’. Here best expertise on knowledge, skill and experience is used to impart the best service to the patients and to their families (Stoddard Road Medical Centre – General Practice in Mt Roskill, Auckland, 2019). It is the ultimate destination of quality health care and is pioneer in general health practices (GP services). And 365-day online health service accessibility is provided to patients to have a complete updated information about their health. The hospital is situated in Auckland one of the most popular town of New Zealand. Expert nurse services are also available for health screening and vaccination services (Nurse Services – Stoddard Road Medical Centre, 2019). Other than health service check-up facility it also has its own pharmacy and laboratory for testing sample results. The organization has been awarded with the prestigious ProCare’s award of ‘Practice of the year’ in recent times.
In order to understand the position of SRMC in healthcare system it is important to understand the National Hierarchy in the country. Along with that the regional health system need to be understood as well. The National Hierarchical framework is shown in the diagram below.
In the National Hierarchy of health services first and foremost the annual work agreement is assigned by the Central Government to the Ministry of Health (MOH). The Health ministers then work as per the MOH guidelines (Baum, 2016). The policies are all set up to devise the quality health care services to the entire community and for that reason there are 20 District Health Boards under Minister of Health. Private health providers, NGOs and DBH providers work together to support the responsibilities of DHBs. The primary health care level includes private hospitals, laboratories, pharmacies, public hospitals for direct care providence, and other public health service providers as well (Betancourt et al., 2016). The organization Stoddard Road Medical Centre (SRMC) has direct contract with the Auckland District Health Board in providing quality health care to the patients. The position of SRMC is provided in the national hierarchy and it is one of the primary health care providers in the country.
In order to support the functions of the National Hierarchy the Regional health system is developed in the country. The regional health care system deals basically with the primary, secondary and tertiary service levels. The chosen organization SRMC is one of the best primary level service care providers in the country. Here quality care is provided to patients in areas of GP, online service care and nurse caring (Free et al., 2013). Registered nurses are only considered for providing support to patients in areas of vaccination and general health screenings. Report preparation and checking the same is another job of the nurses. Free checkup for children below 14 years is facilitated. Moreover the 365 days and 24*7 days online service help patients have the updated health information about their concerns (Drummond et al., 2015). The organization support secondary and tertiary health cares by system of referral and are referred to the Auckland City Hospital in emergency situations. Added to all these, SRMC has its own pharmacy and laboratory for on time delivery of medicines and diagnostic reports to the patients (Healthcare Services in New Zealand | New Zealand Now, 2019). The regional system of healthcare including SRMC is provided in the diagram below.
The four theories incorporated in this report are Bureaucratic theory, institutional theory, system theory and resource dependency theory. Each is elaborated below with supporting examples.
Max Weber the father of Bureaucracy, propounded this theory in the year 1905. In bureaucratic organizational structure rules, standard procedures, responsibility, division of labor, professional hierarchy and impersonal employee interaction are the main characteristic features. It supports large organizational having higher number of employees (Ginter, Duncan & Swayne, 2018). Organizational power can be of three types traditional, charismatic and legal. Principle of established jurisdiction is the underlying law and in such organizational staff selection and promotion is supported only on the basis of qualification. Here standard of quality care is maintained by controlled supervision and well-developed line of command (Hirshon et al., 2013). The top management provides a descending scale of functional operation and every employee need to abide by the set-up principles and procedures. Large organizations are benefitted by consistent employee behavior, reduced chance of conflicts and optimum human resource optimization by providing specialist job roles. The major characteristics of bureaucracy include,
Supporting example
In SRMC every staff need to follow some pre-defined set of rules and regulations. Only expertise staffs are hired (registered nurses) so that quality are is provided to the patients (Nurse Services – Stoddard Road Medical Centre, 2019). Chain of command is well balanced where support workers follow the command of the nurses, the nurses in turn follow the command of the line managers and they in turn follow the top management guidelines.
Institutional theory
The main idea of this theory is that every organization follow the stakeholders’ guidelines and their operation is based on the hierarchical framework set up by the stakeholders. The organization that best fits the environment gains in productivity as well. Success factor is influenced largely by social environments (Kim, Farmer & Porter, 2013). In New Zealand almost all health service providers fulfil their stakeholders’ interests and also governmental rules and regulations to encourage easy funding and uphold the good market reputation.
Supporting example
In SRMC the governmental health guidelines are followed and health care is provided as per the requirements of the patients. It is very flexible to change needs and try to uphold its dignity and reputation in all situations. Hygiene is one of the major concerns here and patient safety is emphasized upon the most (Kringos et al., 2013). Qualified and experienced registered nurses and expert staffs work here to provide quality care and look after the patient safety needs at large.
System theory
This theory helps in illustrating the relationship in between the organization and the departments. All concerned departments are interdependent and work with each other to add to the ultimate success of the organization. Quality care in health organizations are provided by the interaction of three basic component support of input, process and output.
Open system- here changes in government rules and regulations, environment and technological changes directly affect the organization.
Closed system- here the outer changes cannot affect the organization and its functions remain unaltered.
Supporting example
SRMC is basically an open system organization where main departments like GP service, Nurse service and Online service are interdependent and work together to assure quality care providence to patients (Levesque, Harris & Russell, 2013). The organization is also flexible to policy changes in governmental health regulations and is updated to the latest health regulatory framework (Krumholz, 2014).
Resource dependency theory
This theory basically defines the importance of resources to an organization. No healthcare provider can survive on its own and requires resources to support its existence. Resources can be either financial funds or can be human resources and care providers (Mills, 2014). Organizations can also have strategic alliance with other similar organizations to control uncertainty and future contingencies. Reasons can be either resource instability and operational complexity.
Supporting example
SRMC is a primary health care provider and it has alliance with Auckland City Hospital to refer emergency cases when required. It is also dependent on governmental aids to support lower fee and free check-up programs for the patients.
|
Bureaucracy |
Pyramid position |
System type (open/closed) |
|
In SRMC all professionals and support staffs follow the principles of bureaucracy and the laws and regulations of the organization. Here line of command is clear and consistent. Top management commands to the line mangers, they command to the professionals, then nurses are commanded and then support staffs are to follow the former’s command (Nurse Services – Stoddard Road Medical Centre, 2019). Nurses are only assigned to perform their own job role of vaccination and health screening. They have no connection to management duties and responsibilities. |
SRMC is a primary health care provider in Auckland, NZ. It has GP support, Registered nurse support and online service support. Basic care is provided to all age groups and it is free for children under 14 years of age. In case of emergency patients are referred to Auckland City Hospital to the earliest. |
SRMC is an organization having open system of functions. That is, SRMC gets affected by changes in governmental rules and regulations and other environmental and technological advancements (Raghupathi & Raghupathi, 2014). In the year 2007 the pay rate of the health care staffs increased and this caused financial issue in SRMC and the top management was to decide upon the new salary structure and find alternative fund collection methods to meet the financial contingencies. |
To provide better and quality health care New Zealand government decided upon the idea of integrated care to all communities. Here primary, secondary and tertiary care providers are directly interlinked and have the same mission and vision statement for providing quality are and support overall patient wellness (Stoddard Road Medical Centre – General Practice in Mt Roskill, Auckland, 2019). Integration can be organizational, normative, systematic, functional, financial and clinical. In SRMC normative and clinical integration is predominant. Here health providers share same philosophy of providing quality care to patients and meet the safety needs and dignity of patients.
Both horizontal and vertical integration care is provided in SRMC.
Horizontal integration- Horizontal clinical integration is provided at SRMC where all GPs, nurses and support staffs work together for the same cause of patient care.
Vertical integration- SRMC is a primary care provider and it refers patients to Auckland City Hospital for secondary and tertiary treatment services.
Government plays an important role in tax collection and revenue generation in NZ. Major portion of health care sector is dependent on tax collection and statistics show that almost 25% of total revenue collected is spend on health care sectors (Stoddard Road Medical Centre – General Practice in Mt Roskill, Auckland, 2019). The DHBs distribute the money to the respective health organizations as per requirement.
There are a number of reasons for government involvement in revenue collection in the country,
Communal health care service is provided by the concept of funding triangle comprising of people, care providers and third-party involvement. Two organizations play major role in revenue collection namely ACC and Ministry of Health. Appropriation budget planning is supported by PBFF method for equal distribution of funds. DHBs collect the funds and then money goes to primary, secondary and tertiary levels (Stoddart & Evans, 2017). NGOs and private fund providers also take part in service contribution. A number of insurance companies fund patient treatment coverage and support health care funding.
Apart from these, general maintenance cost of water supply and electricity and laboratory costs for chemicals and apparatus equipment and also supplier demands change every year and this affects the overall organizational costing.
All Doctors of SRMC have special General Practice training. Specialty training and preventive care training is provided to them to take care of patients and solve complex health issues. Patients are encouraged to consult the same doctor for the issue so that consistency in treatment is maintained. The GPs provide services like urgent care, wound and injury care, suturing, driver medicals, insurance medicals, travel medicine, family planning, skin consultation, minor surgeries, Aclasta infusions, primary option for acute care (POAC), repeat prescriptions and home visits as well (GP Services – Stoddard Road Medical Centre, 2019).
Most of the nurses here are registered under the nursing policies. The major service provided by them include vaccination (both funded and non-funded), health screening, travel vaccine, diagnostic test results and other nurse services like ECG recording, ear syringing, blood pressure and cholesterol check, diet planning, diabetes advice, sexual health advice and other cardiovascular risk assessments (Nurse Services – Stoddard Road Medical Centre, 2019).
They support the nurses and doctors in their jobs like bookkeeping, data recording, equipment supplies etc. Moreover, the online service portal for patients called Health 365 also provide support to the main patient care providence by increased service accessibility (Stoddard Road Medical Centre – General Practice in Mt Roskill, Auckland, 2019).
The GPs are available all days except for Sunday which is a holiday. All GPs are available during the working hours from 8am to 6 pm (GP Services – Stoddard Road Medical Centre, 2019). Emergency facility is also supported as per patient need.
Registered nurses work in rotational shifts where the shift coordinator roaster their shifts. But their expertise area remains unchanged.
The support workers and health care assistants are few in number and so work in flexible job hours to reduce monotony of work and provide support during peak hours.
Here extra responsibility is added with the job role. The GPs along with their general practice sessions include motivating patients and supporting them in leading healthy life. They can prescribe diet chart if required which is not included in medication (Kim, Farmer & Porter, 2013). The nurses can provide free medical samples to motivate the patients to visit them in future. The support staffs can provide quality hospitality so that patients find the quality difference in health care.
The nurses and support staffs have job rotation and flexible shifts so that they remain active and provide their best quality care to the patients. Employee management becomes easy and cost effectiveness is increased in SRMC.
Nurses are provided with extra works to be done by the GPs to increase their expertise and knowledge of patients. This at times may cause conflicts among staffs.
Multitasking is supported SRMC and both GPs, nurses and support staffs are trained to improve their work efficiency so that limited number of employees can meet the situational demand when required.
Conclusion
It is evident that New Zealand Government is dedicated to provide quality care to the people and community of the country. A number of regulatory bodies are there to support the financial contingencies in health sector and every professional here try to deliver their best to impart quality health care to the patients. To sum up it could be said that the service delivery management in health sector in the country is well defined and health sector will show considerable growth in future times.
References
Abdelhak, M., Grostick, S., & Hanken, M. A. (2014). Health information: management of a strategic resource. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Batalden, M., Batalden, P., Margolis, P., Seid, M., Armstrong, G., Opipari-Arrigan, L., & Hartung, H. (2016). Coproduction of healthcare service. BMJ Qual Saf, 25(7), 509-517.
Baum, F. (2016). The new public health (No. Ed. 4). Oxford University Press.
Betancourt, J. R., Green, A. R., Carrillo, J. E., & Owusu Ananeh-Firempong, I. I. (2016). Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public health reports.
Drummond, M.F., Sculpher, M.J., Claxton, K., Stoddart, G.L. and Torrance, G.W., 2015. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford university press.
Free, C., Phillips, G., Galli, L., Watson, L., Felix, L., Edwards, P., … & Haines, A. (2013). The effectiveness of mobile-health technology-based health behaviour change or disease management interventions for health care consumers: a systematic review. PLoS medicine, 10(1), e1001362.
Ginter, P. M., Duncan, W. J., & Swayne, L. E. (2018). The strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley & Sons.
GP Services – Stoddard Road Medical Centre. (2019). Retrieved from https://stoddardmedical.co.nz/services/
Healthcare Services in New Zealand | New Zealand Now. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.newzealandnow.govt.nz/living-in-nz/healthcare/healthcare-services
Hirshon, J. M., Risko, N., Calvello, E. J., Ramirez, S. S. D., Narayan, M., Theodosis, C., & O’Neill, J. (2013). Health systems and services: the role of acute care. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 91, 386-388.
Kim, J. Y., Farmer, P., & Porter, M. E. (2013). Redefining global health-care delivery. The Lancet, 382(9897), 1060-1069.
Kringos, D., Boerma, W., Bourgueil, Y., Cartier, T., Dedeu, T., Hasvold, T., … & Svab, I. (2013). The strength of primary care in Europe: an international comparative study. Br J Gen Pract, 63(616), e742-e750.
Krumholz, H. M. (2014). Big data and new knowledge in medicine: the thinking, training, and tools needed for a learning health system. Health Affairs, 33(7), 1163-1170.
Levesque, J. F., Harris, M. F., & Russell, G. (2013). Patient-centred access to health care: conceptualising access at the interface of health systems and populations. International journal for equity in health, 12(1), 18.
Mills, A. (2014). Health care systems in low-and middle-income countries. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(6), 552-557.
Nurse Services – Stoddard Road Medical Centre. (2019). Retrieved from https://stoddardmedical.co.nz/nurses-services/
Raghupathi, W., & Raghupathi, V. (2014). Big data analytics in healthcare: promise and potential. Health information science and systems, 2(1), 3.
Stoddard Road Medical Centre – General Practice in Mt Roskill, Auckland. (2019). Retrieved from https://stoddardmedical.co.nz/
Stoddart, G. L., & Evans, R. G. (2017). Producing health, consuming health care. In Why are some people healthy and others not? (pp. 27-64). Routledge.
Valentijn, P. P., Schepman, S. M., Opheij, W., & Bruijnzeels, M. A. (2013). Understanding integrated care: a comprehensive conceptual framework based on the integrative functions of primary care. International journal of integrated care, 13.
Essay Writing Service Features
Our Experience
No matter how complex your assignment is, we can find the right professional for your specific task. Contact Essay is an essay writing company that hires only the smartest minds to help you with your projects. Our expertise allows us to provide students with high-quality academic writing, editing & proofreading services.
Free Features
Free revision policy
$10Free bibliography & reference
$8Free title page
$8Free formatting
$8How Our Essay Writing Service Works
First, you will need to complete an order form. It's not difficult but, in case there is anything you find not to be clear, you may always call us so that we can guide you through it. On the order form, you will need to include some basic information concerning your order: subject, topic, number of pages, etc. We also encourage our clients to upload any relevant information or sources that will help.
Complete the order form
Once we have all the information and instructions that we need, we select the most suitable writer for your assignment. While everything seems to be clear, the writer, who has complete knowledge of the subject, may need clarification from you. It is at that point that you would receive a call or email from us.
Writer’s assignment
As soon as the writer has finished, it will be delivered both to the website and to your email address so that you will not miss it. If your deadline is close at hand, we will place a call to you to make sure that you receive the paper on time.
Completing the order and download