How packet is sent to and received from the destination remote server by PC-1
Solution
Activities taking place at PC-1
How router keeps track of incoming and outgoing traffic
Once a router receives a packet from the switch, it will strip off Layer 2 header information (ie MAC address) present on packet and it will search the destination IP address in from the packet. It will then find the route for the destination prefix, in case it matches, it will attach its exit inter MAC address to appear as source address and connected computing device as MAC address as destination MAC address. The packet will be forwarded to the exit interface. In case no route will be found within the routing table, that packet will be dropped.
Routing table for our example will look as below
IP Address |
MAC address |
||||
Source |
Next hop |
Destination |
Source |
Next hop |
Destination |
192.168.10.7/24 |
192.168.10.1/24 |
Remote server IP address |
PC-1 MAC address |
Router’s Fa0/0 mac address |
Router’s Fa0/0 mac address |
209.165.200.226/27 |
ISP’s receiving interface |
Remote server IP address |
Router’s exit interface MAC address |
ISP’s receiving interface MAC address |
ISP’s receiving interface MAC address |
ISP’s IP address |
Remote’s server’s default gateway |
Remote server IP address |
ISP’s exit interface MAC address |
Remote server’s interface that has default gateway |
Remote server’s MAC address. |
Stop and wait together with Automatic repeat request is a control technique incorporated to stop and wait flow control protocol. In case an error is noticed by recipient, it drops and sends a NAK requesting the sender to resend. If the frame never arrives at the recipient, the sender has a timer. Every time the frame is dispatched, clock timer is set, in case there is no acknowledgement or negative acknowledgement is received by sender during timeout span, the frame is dispatched again by sender.
Of course timeout may introduce a problem. For instance, sender does a retransmission but the recipient really received previous transmission. This implies that the recipient has same copies. In avoidance of this, acknowledgements and frames are categorized as 1 or 0 for ACK1 for frame 0 and ACK0 for frame 1.
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