Human resources or HR are referred to those specific people, who are responsible for making up the entire work force of any organization, economy and business sector (Brewster, Chung and Sparrow 2016). Man power, people, personnel, labour and talent are included in human resources and thus each and every organization comprises of human resource department within their business. This particular department eventually performs proper human resource management and oversees several significant features of employment like administration of employee benefits, employment standards, compliances with the labour law and finally few subsequent recruitment aspects. The human resources is majorly concerned about the people management in a company after focusing on systems and policies (Bratton and Gold 2017). Hence, such departments are responsible to oversee employee benefits designing, performance appraisal, training and development, rewarding and employee recruitment.
Moreover, organizational changes as well as industrial relations are also concerned by them; hence maintaining a proper balance of the company practices with requirements rising from the collective bargaining and even from the governmental laws and regulations (Bailey et al. 2018). The following essay would be providing a brief description of the management of human resources within any organization. This essay broadly concerns about the major processes and theories that are related to human resource management as a strategic activity. The procedure of effective human resource management policies and processes helping the business in delivering strategic effects would be demonstrated here with an example. The final section of this essay would be focusing on three examples of internal or external factors having major effect on HRM policy delivery in the United Kingdom with relevant details.
Human resource management policy is a continuous guideline on the approach that any company eventually intends in adopting for the proper management of their people (Chelladurai and Kerwin 2017). Such policy represents significant guidelines to the human resource managers over several matters like employment as well as the state of intent of the company over several features of human resource management like selection, training, compensation, promotion and recruitment. The human resource policies even serve as the reference points when practices of human resource management are properly developed and when accurate decisions are made regarding the company’s work force. A good policy of human resource gives a generalized guidance over an approach that is being adopted by the company and hence the employees concern about several employment aspects (Budhwar and Debrah 2013). Any process spells out majorly regarding the action or activity that is to be undertaken within line with these policies.
An effective human resource policy is also helpful for supporting as well as building the desired or required organizational culture (Marchington et al. 2016). The most significant examples of this type of effective human resource policy are retention and recruitment policies would be outlining the method that any company would value flexible work force and compensation policies would be supporting this aspect by simply offering a 48/52 pay option, in which the employees could take the extra four weeks holidays in one year and hence receive lesser pay throughout the year. An effective human resource policy is extremely vital for all business even for setting expectations for the staffs (Purce 2014). Major documents substantially involve company’s mission statement, statement about working hours, human resource goals and objectives, dress code, employment conditions, ethical business related practices and finally rules and regulations regarding utilization of company resources. Moreover, such policies even define the procedure of company treating subsequent harassments, health or safety measures, disciplinary actions, performances, privacy and vacations of the organizational employees (Storey 2014).
The core purpose of an effective HR policy is to set the ground rules and regulations for the organization. When these policies are developed, they should be published as well as distributed so that each and every employee have access to these policies (Aswathappa 2013). Proper training sessions are to be conducted for the purpose of making employees and managers aware of the intent of these policies. The new employees or staffs must complete their respective training in right from his or her first day in office. The previously existing employees should also complete a refresher training once in a year and the proper enforcement of such policies should be consistent in nature (Jackson, Schuler and Jiang 2014). These human resource policies also provide safeguards for the work force as well as the organization. Human resource management or HRM can be stated as a strategic approach towards an effective as well as efficient people management within the company so that these people could help the respective business in gaining major competitive advantages (Hoque 2013). This human resource management helps in the maximization of employee performance within services of any employer’s strategic objective.
The effective and efficient behavioural human resource policies properly define professional conduct, business relationships and work ethics that are needed for every employee (Kramar 2014). For the core purpose of developing an effective policy, the organizational management of any company should examine their business strategies and then identify the major forces, which would be affecting the business. It may also involve major technological changes, competition and change in market position. A proper mission statement is to be developed regarding what is required from the employees for accomplishment of goals and objectives. The organizational strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are also to be analysed and hence description regarding systems, people and culture of the company are required majorly (Albrecht et al. 2015). The detailed job descriptions should also be prepared, which involve daily responsibilities and identification of important qualifications for each and every position. Significant rules of communication and employee selection and recruitment are also mentioned in this policy.
A significant example of an organization that has got major competitive advantages due to the presence of an effective human resource management policy is Google (Google’s HRM Strategy. 2018). It is the most popular and significant organizations in the entire world that has obtained several major competitive advantages and organizational success in the business. The employees of this organization is extremely happy while working with the organization and hence it has become quite easy to maintain a proper balance between the company goals and their strategies. They have obtained such success with the presence of this human resource policy (Google’s HRM Strategy. 2018). Google ensures that the organizational members are satisfied with their company rules and regulations and provides every benefit that is required to them.
The organizational HRM policy identifies the major objectives and purpose that the company is wishing to obtain about the human resource department. Google has even analysed each and every factor under which the organizational human resource policy would be operating (Banfield, Kay and Royles 2018). They even examine every possible alternative within each area for making the HR policy statement quite necessary. Google, being the technological force ha eventually emerged with proper innovations. From their inception, Google has ensured that only the best employees are being hired by them for bringing creativity in work. For retaining as well as attracting more inspiring staffs, they have involved a fun task of stock options, free food and several other features to motivate employees (Wehrmeyer 2017). For more innovations, the Google 70/20/10 model is being adopted; hence encouraging the employers in working projects of their own choice and spend around 20% of the total time. All of these efforts were then paid off in the year of 2008, Google became the most successful organization in the world (Google’s HRM Strategy. 2018). Although, the world faced economic crisis in the same year, Google was able to maintain their position for their effective human resource management policies and practices and hence maintaining market position and gaining competitive advantages.
Each and every organization comprises of a separate set of circumstance and hence they develop the respective major set of several human resource policies. The location, where this company would be operating is also dictated with the help of these policy content (Bamberger, Meshoulam and Biron 2014). A proper establishment of human resources policy that sets out document disciplinary process, standard of behaviour and obligation is a standardized approach for meeting each and every obligation. The policies of human resources substantially provide significant frameworks in which major consistent decision is being made and then promote equity within the method, where organizational people are treated. This type of policy even provides a clear guidance to the organizational employees and managers about employee benefits, employee compensation, performance and attendance (Sterner and Coria 2013). Every human resource management policy and practice eventually sets relevant expectations regarding how an employee should be judged. Moreover, health and safety rules are also considered in these policies.
There are two types of factors that majorly affect the significant delivery of a human resource management policy and practice, which are internal or organizational and external or environmental factors (Shaw, Park and Kim 2013). The internal factors refer to those specific factors that demonstrate the process of the human resource department staffing as well as managing their employees. The major internal factors are organizational structure, budget planning, training, scheduling, compliance with rules and regulations, work place productivity and skill level (Kavanagh and Johnson 2017). A proper track of all these internal influences are required to be maintained in the organization for the core purpose of keeping the most efficient staffing level and maximization of productivity.
The organizational structure is the major key towards maximization of human resource function effectiveness and a proper determination of optimal staffing requirements (Cleaver 2017). It is better to plan for addressing the major issues related to organizational structure. Moreover, other factors like training of the employees are also considered in this scenario and the company has to make their human resource management policy and practice in such a manner that each and every internal or organizational factor is being considered under every aspect. This is helpful for the identification of skill levels for every employee in the organization (Smith 2014). Moreover, work place productivity is majorly enhanced with the presence of human resource policy in an organization.
The external factors or environmental factors of any organization majorly affect the overall organizational growth and development. These major factors ensure that the organization is following each and every external factor in its environment (Chelladurai and Kerwin 2017). The most important and significant external factors of any organization are political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal. These six factors provide a brief overview of the macro environment of company.
Three distinct examples of the process of internal or external factors affecting the delivery of human resource management policy and practice within the United Kingdom in the last 25 years are as follows:
i) Age Discrimination: The first and the foremost example of internal factor within the United Kingdom in the last 25 years is age discrimination (Brewster 2006). The newer government legislation eventually outlaw major discrimination over the grounds of age for their workers in the year of 2006. The UK has faced subsequent prospect of aging work force. A proper implication for the health services and pension provisions is enormous. Within the work place level, it became a major issue for the UK since they have labour shortage (Brewster and Hegewisch 2017). The unemployment has incremented in the entire year and there are several staffs, who have difficulty in filling up of jobs.
One of the major consequences of this particular internal factor is the demand for individuals to retire later (Brewster, Chung and Sparrow 2016). Hence, the UK government banned age discrimination for bringing major success and effectiveness in job efficiency. Although, it was not easier for the employers or organizations since the pay system was based on age criteria and the HRM policy was affected. These employers would also prefer to give proper training as well as development to those individuals, who are showing twenty five return on the investments than those who might leave the work force at any time (Jackson, Schuler and Jiang 2014). Hence, the respective HR managers of the UK companies examined their systems and changed HRM policies.
ii) Talent Management: The second significant internal factor that occurred in the year of 1999 within the United Kingdom is talent management. In the total shortage of labour, there is subsequent shortage of skills for the employees (Brewster 2006). The employers in the United Kingdom tried to get as well as keep highly talented employees and this became a real challenge within some of the subsequent sectors of the UK economy. The top quality, managerial and scientific staffs were operating within an increasingly competitive market. A notion of war for talent took place within several popular organizations and it varied majorly (Banfield, Kay and Royles 2018). Few of the companies even focused on their important staffs and the others then argued that they require considering each and every staff and new methods for finding people for joining the companies. The organizations even used another notion of employer branding for making the employer a well-known name. This helped them in better recruitment of talents in the companies and it eventually affected the HR department and human resource management policies and practices in 1999 (Brewster 2006).
iii) Coaching: Another significant example of internal factor that affected the United Kingdom in last 25 years is coaching. The employers became increasingly disenchanted with the specific ideology of sending their employees and staffs to major management team fir training courses (Brewster 2006). Hence, this mainly has benefits to develop common thinking and language; however seems to be lesser effective method to create change within the managerial behaviour. The respective changing behaviour was being recognized as a specified issue and organizations have adopted practice to provide the managers with respective coaches (Jackson, Schuler and Jiang 2014). Thus, the HR managers of the organization had to change their policies and practices for reflecting on success or failure activities.
The proper establishment of HRM policies and practices could be extremely helpful for the organization in demonstrating externally and internally and it would be meeting each and every requirement for training, ethics, diversity and its significant commitments in respect to the corporate governance as well as regulation of the employees within the United Kingdom (Chelladurai and Kerwin 2017). The modern human resource technology or HCM, human capital management provides better utilization of human resource management after management of several human resource functionalities. The most significant areas of this human resource management majorly involves the talent management, work force management, performance management, job role assignment, employee recruitments, retention, on boarding, succession planning, labour law compliances, employee recognition, employee compensation as well as engagement and many more (Bratton and Gold 2017). The legislations or laws are extremely important for the United Kingdom since it serves as the major principle for conduct of the citizens. The UK has made several legislations for the purpose of providing subsequent guidelines as well as order on the behaviour for each and every citizen and even to sustain the subsequent equity on three government branches (Jackson, Schuler and Jiang 2014). With the help of these legislations, the country of the United Kingdom was able to maintain a proper balance in maintenance of conflicts within organization and employees.
The most significant example of such human resource policy is that for the purpose of dismissing any employee in transition to requirements of employee law, it would be extremely important for meeting provisions in collective bargaining agreement and employment contract (Brewster, Chung and Sparrow 2016). The HRM practices have some of the major and the most significant effects on the United Kingdom along with few of the legislations or laws. The various factors like training, development and other subsequent requirements are eventually affected with these HRM practices. The Trade Union Act 2016 could be linked easily with such practices since his particular legislation is effective for providing rights to the workers of any organization.
Conclusion
Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that HRM or human resource management is a significant practice to recruit, hire, deployment as well as management of the organizational employees. The organizational human resource department is majorly responsible to create, put into effort and finally oversee the policies for governing several workers as well as the relationships between the company and its employees. There is a major emphasis on the employees as business assets within human resource management and these employees are referred to as human capital. The major objective of this particular department is making an effective and efficient utilization of employees and hence reducing the overall risks for the purpose of maximization of ROI or return on investment. Any organizational can easily deliver strategic effects within the business and providing major competitive advantages in the company.
This human resource is the subsequent product of human relations and transactional works like payroll and administration of benefits are maintained without any complexity. Recently, human resources majorly focus on the strategic initiatives such succession planning, talent management, labour relations, inclusion and diversity and hence the subsequent organization gets major effectiveness in their business. The above provided essay has clearly demonstrated a brief idea about human resource management policies and processes for any specific organization so that it gets major competitive advantages without any type of complexity. A proper justification is provided in this essay about the process of policy of human resource management helping an organization in last 15 years for organizational success. Moreover, examples of effect of internal or external factors for HRM policy delivery are also provided here in the United Kingdom. The association of legislation is also provided by this type of HRM policy delivery.
References
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