Human Resource Management For Hazards In Workplace

Keeping poultry farm healthy and prevention of endemic infection

Describe about the Human Resource Management for Hazards in Workplace.

A safety inspection is a dignified and a properly recognized procedure that helps to recognize hazards in the workplace. Safety inspection takes place in all diverse forms that depends on the environment that is being tested. Some safety inspection is carried out to check the vehicle safety while some are carried out to check hazards in the office buildings. A safety inspection mainly looks at the physical state as well as workplace practices in a place of work. The overall objective of safety inspection is to recognize the hazards in order to eliminate the risk associated with the organization (Woodcock, 2014).

The process by which uncertainty in the workplace is recognized is termed as risk management. A risk management plan involves an imperative part that helps to minimize the negative impacts. Steggles Quality Chicken is a famous chicken farm in Australia and the Steggles chicken follows a well fair diet that primarily compromises of Australian grown grain. Most of the poultry farms use tunnel-ventilated poultry houses and most of the Steggles poultry houses utilises a high-tech temperature feelers that helps to monitor the air temperature. The organization mainly aims to produce the best of Australian chicken. The company also has more than 90 years of experience (Hu, 2016). There are mainly five regional offices of Steggles Chicken, namely NSW, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia. There are more than 150 employees and the role of the poultry farm supervisor is to oversee chicken farms and handle sales. Poultry farm supervisors work together with other farm personnel to develop farm schedules. It also has a wide customer base that ranges from major supermarket retailers in order to provide quick service restaurants that includes KFC, Red Rooster and Nandos. The company provides more than 40 products in the Food Service Industry.

The following safety inspection for identifying occupational hazards was carried out at a poultry industry named the Steggles Quality Chicken. The brand is highly renowned among the individuals in Australia. It is located near Pendle Hill at Australia.

Keeping poultry farm healthy and prevention of endemic infection

There is high possibility that Steggles Quality Chicken is likely to get affected by a variety of diseases as well as parasites. As a result, they are required to introduce and uphold a strict cleanliness program that will help to keep diseases away from the poultry farm. The safety inspection will help to monitor and prevent diseases. The trained employees are mainly required to carry out the daily inspection. The inspection will help to detect the early indication of diseases by notifying changes in the in the behaviour and state of individual chicken. The changes in intake of food and water are the early indication of ill health. This can also be indicated by changes in egg quality such as shell blemish. The members of the Poultry Health Scheme require carrying out this safety inspection on a daily basis. There are various types of diseases that need to be detected with the help of safety inspection (Yu et al., 2014).

Lifting and pushing

One of the most infected diseases is Salmonella that is mainly caused by food poisoning. This type is disease is either mild or severe and this disease is mainly caused by the consumption of meat, milk as well as eggs. Another type of disease that is Zoonoses that is passed onto individuals directly from direct contact with the contaminated animal. To reduce the health risk, it is important to undertake a number of safety measures. The microorganisms that lead to zoonoses are subject to COSHH. This risk can be minimized by keeping stock healthy as well as providing proper vaccination to the animals. A good farming condition is essential to minimize the risk of disease and thus preventing death of the individuals (Amalya et al., 2016).

Lifting and pushing

Most of the injuries are caused by improper lifting techniques as well as pushing. The most understandable cause that leads to injuries due to lifting are deprived physical condition, poor posture as well as extreme body weight. It is thus important for the organization to check the object before trying to lift it. The heavy objects that are mainly lifted in a poultry farm includes the fresh chicken that are raised. Steggles Quality Chicken needs to make the use of conveyers to remove skin as well as trimming waste and carcasses. They also require making the use of vacuum lifters for packaged products to avoid the problems related to lifting. The organization also requires training the employees regarding how to use safety equipments (Calé-Benzoor et al., 2016).

Steggles Quality Chicken should minimize attainment by diminishing the width of the conveyor in the work that involves hard physical effort to push the manufactured goods closer to the employee use. The organization also requires making the use of pallet jack while carrying or lifting the heavy objects. The safety inspection should also check that pertinent equipments such as pallets are clean when it is used. The overall condition of the equipments should be inspected in order to check their ability to protect the eggs from physical damage. The workers should be given adequate training regarding the way they should effectively carry out the work (Kraatz et al., 2013).

Egg Collection and Storage: All the egg contact surfaces inside the poultry house should be inspected. The inspector should check that the eggs are protected from direct sunshine as well as rain and pest contagion. The systems that are used to protect the birds and the eggs should be kept clean. It should also be ensured that the eggs are packed in appropriate hygienic condition and should be prevented from animals. The packaging store and areas of eggs should be considered while carrying out the inspection (Hargitai et al., 2016).

Egg Collection and Storage

Disposal and Veterinary Inputs: The waste and dangerous substances should be stored as well as handled in order to prevent contagion. The information should be spread regarding the infectious diseases that are very harmful to the individuals. The inspection should be carried related to dead birds and the birds should be removed from cages to avoid the diseases. The mortality records needs to be taken into consideration. The inspector should be satisfied about the fact that the manure or litter does not cause any disease. They should ensure the fact that the birds receive proper vaccines during the laying period (Sambo et al., 2015).

Slips, trips and falls

As per the statistics, 66 percent of the fall that takes place in the poultry farm is mainly due to slips and trips. A slip takes place when there is a little friction between the footwear and the walking surface. Slippery floors generally present an invariable safety challenges in plants that leads to fractures, bruises as well as back pain. This problem can be resolved by adding grit to painted floor surfaces that provides better grip against slipping. The distance between rungs on portable ladders may not be uniform in Steggles Quality Chicken that might lead to slips and falls. Trips will usually take place when the foot of an individual collides with an object. The main cause of tripping includes poor lighting, crumpled carpeting, and exposed cables as well as rough walking surfaces. According to the report by Health and Safety Executive, most of the injuries that take place in the poultry farm are mainly due to slips, trips and falls (Chang et al., 2016).

As per the demand by the workers, an internal team visits the poultry farm every month to check the standard operating process. This team also acts as an internal quality reassurance cell that helps to develop the working environment by continually modernizing the working environment (Leclercq et al., 2015).

It is very important to clean and wash the floors in the poultry farm to avoid the injuries. The following measures that will help to prevent slips, trips and falls at poultry farm are as follows:

1) The creation of a well-maintained housekeeping practice: It is very important to create a well-maintained housekeeping practice as safety and housekeeping goes hand-in-hand. If the housekeeping facility in the poultry farm is poor, it will result to a higher occurrence of the injuries to the workers. Appropriate housekeeping should be a routine for Steggles Quality Chicken to avoid slips, trips and falls. In order to execute a proper housekeeping it is important to plan the program properly, assign the responsibility to a specific individual for cleaning the floors and implement the program by establishing a proper housekeeping process (Miller, Raysich & Kirkland, 2016).

Disposal and Veterinary Inputs

2) Reduce damp or greasy surface: Walking surfaces mainly accounts for a momentous portion of injuries that are reported by state agencies. Shower stalls in residential dorms, sidewalks as well as parking lots are the most common types of surfaces where injuries are likely to take place. Due to the change in the weather condition grip on the outdoor surfaces changes considerably. The indoor surfaces are also affected by the change in the weather condition as it is followed in by pedestrian traffic. However, damp can be reduced by keeping parking lots and sidewalks hygienic as well as in a good repair state (Bakon et al., 2015).

3) Wear Proper Shoes: The shoes that are wore by the individuals in the poultry farm can act as a good measure to avoid slips and falls. In order to avoid slips, trips and falls it is important to wear the type of heel that will be evaluated enough to avoid slips. The shoelaces needs to be tied properly that will also help to avoid slips. While carrying out the safety inspection, it is very important to investigate the footwear that mainly contributes to such accidents.

4) Control the behaviour of the individual: One of the toughest conditions is the control of the individual behaviour. Random thoughts that lead to such injuries mainly distract an individual. In other words, if an individual is in a hurry or if he is walking too fast that will increase the chance of slip, fall or trip.

It is very important to carry out the inspection in the poultry houses regarding cleanliness. The inspection should mainly carried out to ensure the hygiene of the eggs and also to ensure that pest activities are discouraged. The design and preservation of cage systems should also be inspected to ensure that there is no increase of manure inside the cages. The safety inspection of the laying birds should also be carried out in order to check the cleanliness. The state of any litter provided should be ensured. Perches must be positioned in such a way that the fouling of the birds does not fall in drinking and feeding facilities (Kalupahana et al., 2013).

Workplace Violence: The workplace violence is related to the incidents in which a person is abused or threatened. Workplace violence mainly ranges from threats, vocal abuse as well as physical assaults and slaughter. The risks related to violence mainly increases when an individual starts working for an unpredictable and unbalanced people (Jaleel, Sheikh & Ahmed, 2016). There are various ways by which workplace violence can be reduced:

Slips, trips and falls

It is important to secure the poultry farm by the installation of video surveillance as well as extra lighting and alarm systems.

It is also important to drop safes in order to edge the total if cash on hand. As a result, Steggles Quality Chicken needs to keep a negligible amount of cash in records during evenings as well as late night hours.

The field workers should be equipped with cellular phones as well as hand-held alarms.

The organization should establish a clear code of conducts that should be related to zero-tolerance with respect to ethical harassment.

The company should instruct the workers not to enter any location where they will not feel secure.

The organization requires developing policies as well as procedures that will cover the visits made by health-care providers (Bowie, Fisher & Cooper, 2012). 

Machinery: Steggles Quality Chicken mainly uses heavy machines that include feeders that are used to feed the poultry birds. The food is deposited in the feeder to feed the birds. Another type of machinery that is used in the company is heaters that is indispensable for the poultry farm to regulate the temperature especially during cold weather. However, while using the various machinery it is important to use safety measures as the workers can be trapped and injured by moving parts of the machines. Sharp rims might lead to cuts and severe injuries if the workers do not take precautionary measures. In order to prevent the risk, the workers working in Steggles Quality Chicken check that the machine is comprehensive with all safeguards built-in and they are free from defects. The visual management system also requires to be taken into consideration. As a result, the new individuals require getting enough training on how to handle the machineries that are used in Steggles Quality Chicken (Zaher, Higgins & Carpenter-Boggs, 2016).

Work place stress: Most of the task in the poultry farm involves a high stressed work that involves the use of muscles as well as body parts. The workers mainly perform comprehensive reaches when conveyers are too broad. Poultry farming is a very difficult and a demanding occupation. The stress mainly takes place in poultry farming during hot August afternoon. Work place stress affects the individuals in various ways that leads to physical as well as emotional pain. The physical pain includes headaches, backaches as well as sleep disturbances and the emotional pain includes depression, anger, anxiety as well as loss of spirit. As per reports, the individuals who are engaged in poultry farming face more stress as compared to those who does not work in poultry farm (Mackey et al., 2014). Workplace stresses are likely to affect both male and females largely. There are various ways by which workplace stress can be reduced:

The workers require sharing their thoughts as well as feelings with his colleagues to avoid the stress.

It is important to increase social contact in order to have a strong network with friends and family.

It is also important to improve the quality of sleep by keeping a regular sleep timetable.

Workplace stress can also be avoided by prioritizing and organizing. In other words, various practical steps need to be taken at the workplace (van Dick & Haslam, 2012).

Water and Feed: In this case, the inspection should determine the source of the ingredients used while crushing and mixing of feed takes place. The safety inspection should determine how each element is stored on the site. The risk due to contamination should also be inspected. The inspection should also consider the risks that mainly takes place due to access of the birds to the rangeland or to other farm buildings or stores. If birds have access to the area around the feed bin then this should be checked for spillage. The source of the water supply should also be inspected while carrying out the safety inspection. The inspection should also review the cleanliness of drinking systems in the arranging house. The inspection should also take into consideration whether the birds are consuming water outside the house. The inspection should also consider the cleaning and disinfection practices associated with drinkers (Folorunso, Kayode & Onibon, 2014).

Thus from the above inspection it has been observed that the following hazards such as lifting and pushing, slip trip and falls, egg collection and storage, birds and housing, workplace violence, machinery, work place stress and water and feed were recognized. Providing training the young as well as old workers, establishing checklists to outline the hazards, incorporating equipment maintenance, and instituting worker welfare policies as suggested above can help diminish the diverse occupational hazards.

Legislative Framework For OSH

The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984 provides for the promotion as well as coordination and management of occupational safety and health. The company will make the use of safe systems of work in order to reduce the harm that are likely to caused by machinery. To manage machinery hazard regulation 3.7 of the OSH Regulation 2011 is applicable. To manage Work place stress regulation 3.1 of the OSH Regulation 1997 is applicable.

The following risk assessment was carried out at a poultry industry named the Steggles Quality Chicken. An iconic Australian brand is well known for its quality and innovation. The brand is highly renowned among the individuals in Australia. It is located near Pendle Hill at Australia (Li, 2014). 

Risk is an intrinsic feature of modern poultry production. Decision-making is the most important activity of management. Risk is identified as the main cause of uncertainty in an organization. The firm gradually concentrates more on the recognition of risk as well as managing them before they affect the entire business. The capability to manage risk helps the company to act more self-assuredly. In an organization, risk management is very important as without risk management it becomes difficult for the firms to define its objectives for the outlook. The types of routine hazards that are associated with Steggles Quality Chicken include physical hazard such as weather extremes, chemical hazards such as raw materials and biological hazards such as parasites. As a result, the Pullorum Disease eradication program needs to be initiated by Steggles Quality Chicken. The risk management program should be related to quality systems in the poultry industry that will help to control and improve the quality of the product. Various factors in the environment are known to affect the organization to some extent and as a result, it is important to intervene a risk management program (Humphrey et al., 2014).

The five basic principles of risk management include the identification of risk, the analysis of risk, risk financing as well as claim management. Most biosecurity programs are based on some form of risk investigation that involves the recognition of hazards. Most of the assessments are easy and almost certainly not even recognized as risky analysis by farm managers while developing as well as putting into practice farm procedures. In poultry farm such as Steggles Quality Chicken, the risk of virus invasion relies on various contacts with the world outside the farm and the prospect of each of these contacts involves impure or infected material. Most veterinarians that serve the poultry industry is not generally trained on how to analyse risk (Haimes, 2015). However, they make use of same scientific values while developing biosecurity policies. In order to overcome the deficiency, an exposure risk index has been developed that allows some contrast of the level of risk posed by diverse activities. The steps that are followed for having a good risk management are as follows:

1. Identification of Risk
2. Risk Evaluation and Assessment
3. Develop a Risk Management Strategy
4. Execute the Risk Management Strategy
5. Monitor the Results and Begin Again

Identification of Risk – Step 1

The identification of risk is associated with the process of determining risks that could potentially avoid the program or investment from accomplishing the objectives. Risk identification is the procedure by which the possible threats to the area of interest are charged. The best method by which the risks are identified is by reviewing the way that farms use for the introduction of items or individuals. The assessment also examines the activities in the surrounding area of the farm that generally adds to risk that includes the presence of other farms or congregates of poultry. The market value chain also helps to analyse and provide information that helps to identify high-risks practices (Noon et al., 2016).

Risk Evaluation and Assessment-Step 2

Risk evaluation is mainly concerned with the assessment of probability as well as impact of individual risks. Risk assessment on the other hand, is the determination of qualitative approximation of risk that is related to a distinct situation as well as recognized hazard. The assessment of risk that are applied to poultry farms are comprised of a release assessment as well as an exposure assessment. Both the assessments are influenced by management systems that are engaged on farms in order to diminish the risks. These are shared with an appraisal of consequences in order to provide an in general assessment of risk. The risk assessment takes into account the existing measures related to risk-reduction as well as other planned measures. With the help of risk assessment, it has been identified that there are serious risk that are associated with faulty installation of electricity. The .individuals who are engaged with the risk can also get exposed to lethal injuries due to ignition of LPG from tank as well as pipe work. The moving parts of the machinery are also likely to cause deadly injury to the workers engaged with the poultry farm (Chapman et al., 2016).

The exposure assessment deals with the effect of invasion of virus into a flock of poultry’s that depends on the vulnerability of the species reared disposal and veterinary inputs. In case of virus introduced to a poultry dwelling on footwear, birds on trash are usually at elevated risk of revelation to the pathogen than those in cages. The penalty of exposure is customized by the use of vaccines that increases confrontation to infection as well as decrease case reproduction number. In order to increase confrontation to infection as well as to reduce the effects of virus it is very important to use vaccine in the farm. The stockpile compactness of poultry in a farm also influences the size of the outbreak (Deschuyffeleer et al., 2012).

Develop a Risk Management Strategy – Step 3

In order to manage the risk the most important step is to develop a risk management strategy. In order to cope with all types of risk it is very important to develop a risk strategy. Most of the individuals who are related with poultry, experience diverse types of threats at the same types. The reduction of risk is the most important strategy that are used in amalgamation with one another as a single strategy will not be able to cover all the risks that are likely to be met (Alders et al., 2014). The various steps that are used to develop the risk management strategy are as follows:

1. Identification of the most appropriate strategy
2. Determining the degree to which the risk may be reduced
3. Identifying the cost of putting the strategy into practice
4. Consider up the costs and benefits

It is very important to identify some aspects of costs that tend to be more imperative as compared to other in selecting between risk management strategies. The following steps are used to enclose the risk and its effects:

1. Keep hold of the Risk
2. Alleviate or Reduce the Risk
3. Evade the Risk
4. Transfer the Risk

Keep hold of the Risk: The poultry farms mainly accept the losses if they feel that the risk does not acquire heavy losses.

Alleviate or Reduce the Risk: The alleviation of risk is also referred to as the prevention of loss. This strategy mainly deals with cost effectiveness while managing high frequency as well as low cruelty risk. The reduction of risk is mainly an approach that is intrinsic in the procedure of the company or an exacting project. However, the steps must be taken to decrease the probability of an adverse circumstance. There are fire risks that are associated with the poultry farms. In order to reduce the risk it is important to remove explosion sources as well as restrict the fire loading. The most important aim of the risk alleviation strategy is to limit the effects machinery that is likely to cause injuries (Levionnois & Mormède, 2014).

Evade the Risk: It is very important for Steggles Quality Chicken to evade the risks that are of high regularity as well as of high sternness.

Transfer the Risk: The most imperative strategy for low frequency as well as high severity is the transfer of risk. The final step in the development of the risk management strategy is to transfer the risk to the third parties when all other alternatives have been put in place.

In preparing for an in detail discussion of risk, it is important to have a clear picture of the poultry farms and the farm households. This will help in a better understanding of the farming activities (Swayne et al., 2013).

Execute the Risk Management Strategy- Step 4

Once the risk assessment is completed, the risk of infection is established. The insinuation for a number of measures is determined and the individuals who are engaged with Steggles Quality Chicken makes the suitable changes to existing biosecurity systems. In the case of few poultry farms, the risk related to virus incursion is likely to be considered at a high level. In order to execute the risk management it is important to have a proper level of insurance (Septiani et al., 2016).

Monitor the Risk Management Strategy- Step 5

Risk mitigation is the procedure that helps to develop and enhance opportunities that will reduce threats to the organization. Both the internal and external assessors are responsible for monitoring the procedure. Various steps are used to monitor the risk management are as follows:

The comprehensive range of risk needs to be addressed by Steggles Quality Chicken that will conclude the strategic as well as operational objectives.

It is important link risk information to risk appetite as well as tolerance of risk (Mason, 2014).

The key proposals or recommendations in the case of Steggles Quality Chicken that will be assisted to the CEO to reduce or eliminate the organizational loss are as follows:

It is important to do observation about the live and the dead birds in order to reduce the risk of infection. The absolute risk that is related to the individuals associated with Steggles Quality Chicken can be reduced by the performing the surveillance. The risk is likely to get higher if the individuals have direct contact with dead birds as well as their droppings.

The public should be aware about the risk that arises due to the above-mentioned situation. They require observing personal cleanliness at all times after contacting dead, sick birds, or their droppings.

The level of biosecurity should be maintained and it also needs to be monitored with due meticulousness (Sadgrove, 2016).

Since 1997, there has been an increasing concern that is related to the number of total chicken that are growing in domestic farms. This is mainly because an increase in the large number of birds in the poultry is likely to pose difficulties in controlling the infectious diseases.

All the birds in the poultry needs to be vaccinated against all the highly infectious disease that leads to endemic infection.

It is also recommended that an effective examination of all dead poultry is imperative. Its performance should be personally checked.

There should be no live poultry farm in local wet markets in order to minimize the direct contact with the individuals.

The unvaccinated patch poultry that is not protected by biosecurity measures in their living surroundings are at risk of disease by undomesticated birds.

The entire team of Steggles Quality Chicken needs to implement the strategies practically those are expedient to the poultry farm that requires following the rules and guidelines.

The team needs to develop various strategies in order to overcome the above mentioned hazards.

Conclusion

It has been concluded that the safety inspection will help to detect the early indication of diseases by notifying changes in the in the behaviour and state of individual chicken. The inspection should be carried related to dead birds and the birds should be removed from cages to avoid the diseases. Quality Chicken should diminish achievement by diminishing the thickness of the conveyor in the work that involves hard physical effort to push the manufactured goods closer to the employee use. It has also been concluded that the packaging store and areas of eggs should also be considered while carrying out the inspection. It becomes difficult for a farm to define its objectives for the outlook without a proper risk management. The reduction of risk is the principal strategy that are used in incorporation with one another as a single strategy will not be able to cover all the risks that are likely to be met. In order to check the cleanliness, it is very important to carry out a safety inspection of the laying birds. The safety inspection should conclude how every element is stocked up on the site. The risk due to contagion should also be inspected.

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