Discuss about the Development of Artificial And Human Robots.
From the introduction of SIRI to the self-driving cars, the technological disruption has been immense. This has led to the development of the Third Wave of technology that would sweep away the world in the next 50 years to come. The development of Artificial Intelligence and the human robots as shown in the movies are expected to encompass everything from autonomous weapons to search algorithms. However, it has also been seen that the Artificial Intelligence (AI) that is currently used by the companies is narrow or weak AI that are designed for performing narrow tasks. However, in the long term, researchers and developers in the society would attempt at creating strong AI or General AI that may even outperform the humans at every specific job or even cognitive task. A strong AI would lead to explosion of technology driven intelligence diminishing the need for human intelligence. However, the biggest concern that researchers have pointed out with the explosion of intelligence is the impact of the human robotics on the actual humans in the society. Researchers at 2015 Puerto Rico Conference that by 2060 human level AI would sweep the world away and all the potential works executed by human would be overtaken by human robots. It has been observed in the study report submitted by Redwood Software and Sapio Research (2017) that by 2022, the automation level in organizations would reach 60% that would threaten more than 40% of the human jobs. As given in the report titled “Workforce to The Future” 37% of the people surveyed in China, Germany, UK and India had proclaimed that robots and AI would risk their jobs in next 20 years. As per the PwC in 2017, 38% of jobs in U.S. would be threatened by automation in early 2030s. As per the latest data shown in UN DESA, the world population in 2050 would be estimated at 9.8 billion people and 6billion people would of working population. Due to automation, a staggering 80% of the jobs worldwide would be automated and 4 billion people would be struggling for securing a decent job laving half a population unemployed. It has been seen that although in 2016 the displacement ratio of human operated jobs by automation and AI has been 1 out 270 occupations yet considering the technological disruption, the chances for people being displaced by human robotics look more threatening in the future. Researchers have also pointed out that the narrow or weak AI used in the present business scenario has been of immense help to improve the efficiency of the business operation. Though, it has also been realized that with the adoption of the General AI, the scenario is likely to change and be threatening for the society that would be struggling to secure job. The General AI that would be adopted in the next 50 years would be equipped to understand patterns, recognize and speak language and be efficient at problem solving. Thus the level of disruption would be quarantined and the impact would be directly on the society. Considering that not all parts of the society would be able to avail the benefits offered by the AI and human robotics, those employees lying at the bottom level of the society would be the worst affected with the technological disruption.
Another occupation that can face the impact of artificial intelligence development and the robotics enhancement impact on the future progression in Australia is the teaching profession.
As opined by Harris, Jensz and Baldwin (2014), Considering the scenario of teachers in the school level performance of Australia it has been found that the average age of the teachers at primary level are between 43-44 years of age. Interestingly, about 86% of the teaching base in the country are of Australia born background. In the opinion of McKenzie et al. (2014), it has been observed in recent times that the percentage of Male teachers are decreasing in the country. Among the teaching base 56% are female and 73% of the teachers at primary level are involved in full time working activities.
However, the current scenario is a result from the changes that have occurred in 40 years with the change in the policies and the technologies that have emerged for the professional development in the primary and secondary education. It has been found that between 1982 and 2002 the ratio of student-to-teacher has been declined from 20.8 to 16.9. During the period of 1980s and 1990s the demand of teachers has been enhanced a lot and it has identified the factor that a greater number of students have participated in education. The phase after the 1990s has experienced a challenge in recruitment in the regional and rural Australia. In the opinion of Macdonald (2014), as the number of schools have been increased by 34% in Australia it has enhanced the number of students and demand of teachers. In case of non-governmental schools, the student/teacher ratio in has changed from 18.1 to 14.4 in secondary level between the year 1982 to 2002. The survey report in the year 2013 has indicated the comparative changes of the survey performed in the year 2007 and 2010. In addition, the emerging technologies in recent times has reduced the involvement of the teachers with the students and the artificial intelligence are providing the necessary guideline and education to the students. It has hampered the interaction and demand of the students.
As per the study of Mansfield Beltman and Price (2014), focussing on the development of the artificial intelligence and robotics it has been found that in Australia by the year 2027 it is expected that majority of the primary and secondary schools are likely to replace the teachers due to the working efficiency and its cheap access. It can have its impact on the social status of the teachers and the living of the individuals associated with the teaching profession. As per the study of Mansfield Beltman and Price (2014), it can exert a long-run impact on the employability issues and economy on the education industry. Humanoid machines have the installed version of the software that can deliver the message and teaching material towards the students. However, the human interaction and depth of the knowledge maintenance requires further improvement by the year 2050 or more the technological progression can completely replace the teachers in Australian primary and secondary education system.
In the future transportation system of Australia, the role of taxi drivers are very significant. People are likely to books a cab rather than going by bus. Therefore the government of Australia is likely to provide the facility of technology in order to deal with internal development of the country.
In the opinion of Sopranzetti (2014), from the above graph, scenario of the taxi drivers in Australia survey has been conducted on the 5000 taxi drivers to understand their age profile. Among them, 47.45% of the taxi drivers are belonging to the age group of 46-50 age group. As opined by Lincoln and Gregory (2015), 42.30 % of the total taxi drivers are belonging to the age group of 51-55 age group. 31.82% of the total taxi drivers are belonging to the age group of 55-60 age group. As opined by Abledu, et al. (2014), the most highlighting point is that the taxi drivers are 15.45% of the total taxi drivers are belonging to the age group of 36-40 years old. Therefore, it has been seen that this process of survey provide clear indication that the people of the older age are choosing the profession of taxi drivers.
As opined by Abledu, et al. (2014), Australian Taxi Driver Association has reveled about the current position of taxi drivers in the Australian market. The government on a global scale have looked up on the implications of technology in the commercial service related factor. As per the study of Mansfield Beltman and Price (2014), the public passengers transport system along with the Taxi Plate licenses has been controlled and dominated all the aspects for the incredibility of the organizations. While evaluating the position of Taxi driver in the market of Australia, it has been found that earning of the taxi drivers are not very high who are using taxi in rent. In the words of Cheng et al. (2016), The weekly average earning of the taxi drivers as per ABS is AUD 1,369.90. As the wage of the taxi drivers has fallen and it effects on the customers satisfaction. As per the Victorian Taxi Driver Inquiry, the customers are likely to deal with the service of the association. The most significant factor is that 91% of the drivers are facing issues due to the lack of technological orientation in the taxi service industry. Due to the lack of low paid salary crate issues in the personal life of the people of the industry.
The development of technology is considered as one of the most important perspective in the process of managing the process of managing the business related intensity. In every month, it has been found that new gadgets are applying in the market of Australia. The innovation of Ola and Uber has changed the notion of public transportation industry. In the innovation of technology can see in the process of managing the operational success of the industry. The creative idea of the driver less taxis will change the process of managing the process of managing operational success of the industry. The technology orientation process has the effectiveness in the process of making the customers happy. Due to the innovation of technology has been found to be very effective in the process of managing the operational success of the taxi industry. By implementing the higher technology in taxi service, the drivers will be able to give less efforts and earn big amount of money.
One another such occupation that would face the impact of artificial intelligence would be the occupation of doctors. With the introduction of human robotics in the medical and healthcare department, it has been seen that in the future, the doctors’ profession is likely to face the impact of automation.
After the proper consideration of the performance of the doctors in the healthcare department it has been seen that majority of the doctors in the healthcare department lie in the age group 56 – 65 years (27.1%) by 2016. This shows that most of the doctors in the Australian healthcare department are experienced and ageing with doctors in the age group 46 – 55 years filling the line-up of doctors in the healthcare department (23.6%). It has also been noticed in the healthcare department that the ratio of male doctors to the female doctors has been more and thus there is gender discrepancy between the doctors line up in Australia. It has also been realized that the healthcare facilities are available in greater extent in the urban states in Australia rather than the rural areas and the availability of healthcare facilities are more advanced in the urban areas than in the countryside of Australia. It has been found that with the introduction of advanced technology in the healthcare department of Australia, it has been seen that the need for doctors has been reduced by 34% the last decade. There are various tests that can be now done through automation process. The development of the electronic health records has also been the impact of technological disruption on the medical profession.
It has been seen that in the medical profession, there has been the introduction of high end robotic devices that had helped and assisted doctors in operations. Such as the use of the notable da Vinci System had assisted the urologists in the process of removing prostate in patients. Although the system did not replace the need for physicians yet with the help of high definition 3D technology, it assisted the human surgery (Howick et al. 2014). However, recent studies by the Department of Engineering Science have also pointed out that about 47% of the labors in the medical industry are likely to be replaced by the use of automation system and human robots (Sabesan et al. 2014). Though studies have also laid emphasis on the fact that the place of the physicians and doctors cannot be replaced by robots yet with the application of high level or General AI, the computers can take over various tests or processes involved in the medical profession (Dallas et al. 2014). Some researchers have also revealed that with the use of high level robots, they might also take over the doctors’ profession in the coming 50 years in future. Though for recent developments, AI and robots are used only for assistance in the medical profession.
Conclusion:
Thus, three ideas of the Australian market has been revelled in this study along with their future of the profession in the business market of Australia. The future of the doctors Australia is very high. The medical collages are growing very rapidly in order to create numbers of doctors in the country. The medical colleges are build in the country to provide opportunity to the students high facility of study. Apart from this, it can be said that, this process has positive impact in the development initiative of the country. The future demand of teachers in Australia is very high in the Australian market. Increasing schools and collages creates some opportunity for the teachers. The demand related perspective of the market provide significant way for the teachers in order to increase their position in the market. The regulatory system has been implemented in the taxi association in order to provide the passengers numerous facility in order to deal with the development of the nations. Apart from this, it can be said that the modern consumer who are provided service is very much effective about the service related activity of the company. From the market report of ACT, it can be said that Australia generally is leading to the disruption in the monopolistic market of the taxi industry. In the technology driven industry, it can be said that international corporation is fascinating on the ride sharing agreements in order to increase the base of the consumers in the market. Apart from this, it can be said that, there is still some market management factor that has significant impact on the operational efficiency on the market. The most important factor is that the public passenger’s service of Australia is very costly and taxi fair of the country is very high. The passengers have to pay high in the taxi service. In the process of managing the operational efficiency and service, it has been found that the technological orientation in the taxi service crate the window of opportunity in their life in the future. This process has positive impact to change life of the taxi drivers. The financial position of the taxi drivers will change in this course of action.
Reference list:
Abledu, J.K., Offei, E.B. and Abledu, G.K., 2014. Occupational and personal determinants of musculoskeletal disorders among urban taxi drivers in Ghana. International scholarly research notices, 2014.
Cheng, A.S., Ting, K.H., Liu, K.P. and Ba, Y., 2016. Impulsivity and risky decision making among taxi drivers in Hong Kong: an event-related potential study. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 95, pp.387-394.
Dallas, A., Magin, P., Morgan, S., Tapley, A., Henderson, K., Ball, J., Scott, J., Spike, N., McArthur, L. and van Driel, M., 2014. Antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections: a cross-sectional analysis of the ReCEnT study exploring the habits of early-career doctors in primary care. Family practice, 32(1), pp.49-55.
Harris, K.L., Jensz, F. and Baldwin, G., 2014. Who’s teaching Science: Meeting the demand for qualified science teachers in Australian secondary schools.
Howick, J., Cals, J.W., Jones, C., Price, C.P., Plüddemann, A., Heneghan, C., Berger, M.Y., Buntinx, F., Hickner, J., Pace, W. and Badrick, T., 2014. Current and future use of point-of-care tests in primary care: an international survey in Australia, Belgium, The Netherlands, the UK and the USA. BMJ open, 4(8), p.e005611.
Lincoln, R. and Gregory, A., 2015. Moving violations: A study of incivility and violence against urban bus drivers in Australia. International Journal of Education and Social Science, 2(1), pp.118-127.
Macdonald, D., 2014. Is global neo-liberalism shaping the future of physical education?. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 19(5), pp.494-499.
Mansfield, C., Beltman, S. and Price, A., 2014. ‘I’m coming back again!’The resilience process of early career teachers. Teachers and Teaching, 20(5), pp.547-567.
McKenzie, P., Weldon, P.R., Rowley, G., Murphy, M. and McMillan, J., 2014. Staff in Australia’s schools 2013: Main report on the survey.
Sabesan, S., Allen, D., Caldwell, P., Loh, P.K., Mozer, R., Komesaroff, P.A., Talman, P., Williams, M., Shaheen, N., Grabinski, O. and Royal Australasian College of Physicians Telehealth Working Group, 2014. Practical aspects of telehealth: doctor–patient relationship and communication. Internal medicine journal, 44(1), pp.101-103.
Skead, N. and Carruthers, P., 2018. The Juris Doctor: A New Era of legal education at the University of Western Australia. Brief, 45(3), p.12.
Sopranzetti, C., 2014. Owners of the map: Mobility and mobilization among motorcycle taxi drivers in Bangkok. City & Society, 26(1), pp.120-143.
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