At the heart of both studies is the idea that the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic were previously underappreciated, if not completely ignored. Compared to this epidemic, Portugal and Brazil are dealing with their outbreaks in quite different ways from this. Among the objectives of this research were to describe the mental health state of the general population in Portugal and Brazil, especially during COVID-19 pandemic, and to draw comparisons between the mental health outcomes of the two nations’ populations. The importance of social connectedness in young people’s mental health cannot be overstated. Local resources, which foster social interaction, were mostly unavailable during the epidemic, despite their importance. As a consequence, this study analyses the social exclusion of youngsters and also their use of community programs even during the COVID-19 closures in the Uk. The maintenance of social ties, the alleviation of stress, and the care for the wellbeing of individuals having followed an event such as the COVID-19 outbreak are essential in order to promote well-being. This can be accomplished through the use of, for example, phone calls and video chats with friends and family. Furthermore, governments should guarantee that employees do not lose their employment as a consequence of being put in confinement or social isolation (Almeida 2021). This paper will research on the psychological effects that COVID-19 has had on the young people and in doing so, it will also include discussion on the effects that is experienced by the social capital of the country.
In the article “‘It’s Easily the Lowest I’ve Ever, Ever Got to’: A Qualitative Study of Young Adults’ Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Lockdowns in the UK” it talks about the importance of social connectedness in young population lives cannot be overstated. In the researchers’ words, “social connection” relates to how people see their interactions with one another, which may vary from relatives to acquaintances to workmates, and can be mutually advantageous to all relevant parties if they are valued, helpful, and useful to others. Social connectedness facilitates the accumulation of human support, which is defined as the aggregate of commodities (physical or virtual) accumulated as a result of reciprocal interactions. Strong connections, as well as social capital, have a protective measure on the well-being of children and adolescents. In another article “ Impact on Mental Health Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study in Portugal and Brazil” it talks about as a result of the Health Organization (WHO) declaring the coronavirus illnesses 2019 (COVID-19) highly contagious a public health crisis on March 11, 2020, nations are concentrating their efforts primarily on having to implement action to prevent, regulate and treat diseases caused by the middle east respiratory symptoms coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as well as investigations to develop a vaccine against the virus. Portugal and Brazil are responding to the outbreak in very different ways. Portugal’s leadership moved quickly, putting in place health protections, disaster preparedness measures, and political cohesion. The declaration of a countrywide national emergency will take effect on March 18, 2020, and will restrict some citizens’ liberties in order to facilitate the implementation of accompanying healthcare initiatives. There were a variety of approaches taken around the country, including obligatory isolation at home, the erection of hygienic obstacles, and the shutdown of businesses and academic facilities, among many others (Banerjee 2020). A qualitative approach and a quantitative approach were used in conjunction in each of the publications discussed here.
Qualitative research method includes the use of peer-reviewed articles to gain an insight on the issue presented. Quantitative research method relies on experiments or reaches that are conducted at the ground level.
When schools were closed, it hurt social capital, with young people’s vital external connections being destroyed, while intimate connections were enhanced. Finally, the seclusion harmed young people’s mental health, but only a small number of them sought treatment, mostly out of a desire not to overwhelm the NHS. This research demonstrates the degree to which the epidemic isolation has influenced young personal and community capital and psychological well-being. It is advised that post-pandemic interventions that target the improvement of the health care system, social alienation, and support and advice behaviors be implemented. Depression was found to be prevalent in 24.7 percent of the sample, with 23.8 percent of the sample suffering from both psychological distress. Depression and anxiety were both associated with isolation, but not the other way around.
Very effectively has been rated below average on a scale of one to ten. Prior to COVID-19, the burden of mental disorders was much higher than it had been previously. Both Portugal and Brazil will need to be equipped for the lengthy consequences of poor mental health, as well as to give prompt psychological assistance to their healthy individuals in the future years, according to the World Health Organization. (Chatterjee, Malathesh and Mukherjee 2020).
The findings for this research paper are derived by using qualitative research methods where two scholarly pieces of writing are taken into consideration. In the article “‘It’s Easily the Lowest I’ve Ever, Ever Got to’: A Qualitative Study of Young Adults’ Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Lockdowns in the UK” For example, the conclusions of this study examined at the social isolation of young people in England and their use of community resources throughout COVID-19 shut downs, which can be found here. They used internet channels to preserve social connectedness. Beyond the UK, online venues like social media have been claimed to play an important part in young people’s social connections and perceptions of shutdowns. These have been shown to improve younger healthy development by facilitating social engagement and ordinary communications. While internet platforms offer connection, they may leave users exhausted, and lonely, and severely damage their mental health. Even during the epidemic, digital spaces were both assets for connecting and potentially generators of poor mental health(Harper 2021).
The use of digital platforms increased the likelihood of anxiety and despair during shutdowns. During the epidemic, younger folks used social media, causing distress weariness, isolation, social networking fatigue, and display tiredness. Social mainstream coverage to catastrophe news has also been related to mental. Additionally, increasing screen time is associated with unhealthful eating during downtime and has been identified as a potential cause for overweight.
In the article “ Impact on Mental Health Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study in Portugal and Brazil” it can be seen that to the researchers’ understanding, this is the first research to look at the psychological health of adults in Portugal and Brazil during in the COVID-19 epidemic. Mental health issues have been described as the century’s major epidemic, and the present study’s findings mostly substantiate this claim. There was 71.3 percent anxiety (43.1% moderate anxiety), 24.7 percent melancholy, and 23.8 percent of the sample experienced psychological distress. According to earlier research, a link between such a public health crisis and mental health issues has been shown. Before the COVID-19 epidemic, 9.3% of the Brazilian population had an avoidant personality disorder. Anxiety was present in 4.9 percent of Portuguese people. The incidence of depression symptoms was comparable in both countries (5.7% in Portuguese and 5.8% in Brazil).
The quantitative research style has thus helped in understanding the way in which the global pandemic has taken a toll on the mental health of the young population. The main skills that were required to conduct this research firstly includes the ability to identify the most relevant piece of information and in order to do so, a large number od scholarly papers were selected and then each paper was analyzed on the basis of the time frame within which each of the articles were selected. The second skill that was put to use is the ability to recognize authentic information and in order to ensure the same the selected articles were closely analyzed and each of the resources used within the articles were cross-checked. Lastly, the ability to edit was used which helped in using important information only and rejecting those that are not important.
In the article “ Impact on Mental Health Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study in Portugal and Brazil” it can be seen that the current study’s findings must be interpreted under certain constraints. Regardless of the fact that the survey was done in two countries, the technique used did not allow for the generalization of results owing to the similar populations of respondents in both countries. No diversified sample prevents studying how certain demographic traits may impact mental health throughout a pandemic. The epidemic affected Portugal and Brazil in various ways, and differences in sociological and economic factors might still impair mental health and create poverty and inequality. Since numerous risk factors for poor mental health also weren’t collected, the influence of these risk factors on the study’s results was not to be determined. As a result, it is unclear what role the COVID-19 pandemic will play in the anticipated worsening of symptoms of anxiety and depression. Future prospective research may help us better grasp the impact of social seclusion on adolescent mental health (Xiong 2020).
In the article “‘It’s Easily the Lowest I’ve Ever, Ever Got to’: A Qualitative Study of Young Adults’ Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Lockdowns in the UK” the limitations which can be seen is the number of participants represented a wide, albeit unequal, representation of the population in terms of maturity, gender, and geographic region. There were 15 competitors, 11 of them were female and 4 of whom were male. Furthermore, 14 responders were situated in English, with one in Wales (P08), while none were located in Scotland or Northern Ireland. Ireland is a province of the United Kingdom. Furthermore, even though the students spanned from middle and high school age, SES, none of them had a low SES. Given that having a connection to the internet was a requirement for participation, in in-person discussions, the proportion of young individuals in the United Kingdom who do not have access to information International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, many would’ve been disqualified from participating in the research. To avoid this, the study did not investigate Despite the well-documented inequities in the COVID-19 lockdowns, there were variances in experiences of SES’s assessment of the pandemic’s effect.
As with previous studies conducted during the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, the existing study revealed an equal or greater incidence of mental situations (for example, the rates of depression was 50.7 percent and the occurrence of perceived stress was 44.7 percent in a large prospective research investigation that included approximately 1.5 million Chinese health workers). A higher likelihood of future impairments, alcohol or drug use, religious rejection, despair, and suicidal thinking has been linked to the COVID-19 epidemic(Semo and Frissa 2020)..
During COVID-19, females reported more psychological suffering. Women had greater rates of stress but not sadness in the current research. Anxiety and sadness are more common in women than males. Consistency in the usage of coping mechanisms like positive reframing may be caused by the present public health crisis. Contrary to men’s concern, ladies’ self-rated life happiness remained unchanged. This may be a future study topic.
As with previous studies conducted during the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, the existing study revealed an equal or greater incidence of mental situations (for example, the rates of depression was 50.7 percent and the occurrence of perceived stress was 44.7 percent in a large prospective research investigation that included approximately 1.5 million Chinese health workers). The use of virtual platforms, such as social networks, has been documented to have a significant impact in young women’s social connections and their experiences of lockdowns in countries other than the United Kingdom . It has been discovered that these spaces help to a very well of young people and provide a crucial area for social engagement and daily conversation. However, despite the fact that digital sites offer connectivity, they may simultaneously leave customers feeling depleted and alienated, as well as having a harmful effect on mental health. This resulted in the fact that during the epidemic, digital venues not only functioned as resources for building connections, but they also acted as key producers of poor mental health. (Khan 2020).
Over the course of the lockdowns, extensive use of digital platforms was shown to be a health risk for clinical depression. As a consequence of their utilization of social media during the epidemic, many young people have reported feelings of emotional tiredness and loneliness, as well as “social media fatigue” and “screen fatigue.” Another conclusion showed that expanding one’s exposure to disaster news through social media was associated with an increase in depression symptoms. Even more concerningly, in the field of mental health, higher levels of screen time have been related to disordered diet during shutdowns, but they’re a well-documented risk factor for increased in children.
In the questionnaire, participants indicated higher levels of depression than the state average on the degree of self scale (SWLS), with no statistical differences among inhabitants of Portugal and Brazil; these magnitude data analysis findings may be due to the existence of an useful and constructive conundrum within a single sector of life or, extra likely in the world’s current global epidemic crisis, to one‘s having experienced problems across a number of areas of daily existence.. All of the important life happiness variables revealed via the statistical technique, including professional position, education level, co-living arrangement, and symptoms of depression, were shown to be associated with these locations of the world. It is possible that the presence of sentiments of concern about future projects and financing (which students would not experience) had a major influence on the well-being of people employed in the present sample. Throughout socioeconomic distance efforts, this effect may have been more evident in those with lower levels of education whose employment is not truly suited for telecommuting (or remote working), as well as in people with lower levels of education. This approach may have an unintended consequence in that employees with poor academic achievement may gain from being appropriately educated regarding their sick compensation and perks entitlements during the existing epidemic, which was not anticipated.
The COVID-19 lockdowns have significant ramifications on people’s mental well-being. Increased levels of anxiety, irrational concerns, and panic disorder have been linked to abrupt and major changes in daily routine. The persistent uncertainties regarding the epidemic, along with political uncertainty, have also contributed to the increased worry, particularly in light of the potential mortality risk presented by the virus. As a result, it is projected that an upsurge in comment stress disorder (PTSD) and depression would occur as a result of the dread of infecting oneself or others. The excessive allotment of media attention to the epidemic and, at times, sensationalized coverage of the pandemic in the news have also been considered a risk factor for stress (Pokhrel and Chhetri 2021).
Indeed, almost all individuals in the United Kingdom (UK) will experience depression by 2020, accounting for more than 8 million inhabitants. This is almost double the degree of despair seen before to the pandemic (10 %). During in the shutdowns, the incidence of anxiety among young people (18–24) in the United Kingdom was exceptionally high; in 2021, young individuals (16–29) (Semo and Frissa 2020). were approximately five times as likely to develop depression than other age groups. Furthermore, the study’s location in the United Kingdom is important beyond the range of the shutdowns, since emotional and behavioral levels among young people (16–24) in the United Kingdom have been on the increase since 2017, particularly among young women. The mental disorder was indeed the major cause of blindness improved life years for adults aged 15–49 (Semo and Frissa 2020). in the United Kingdom prior to the pandemic’s emergence (Kumar and Nayar 2021).
Conclusion
The conclusion that both papers are accurate may be drawn as a consequence of this conclusion. The findings of this study, in particular, provided insight into the degree to which the COVID-19 quarantines had an effect on adolescent individual’s private and social capital, as well as their mental well-being and quite well in general. The greatest emphasis should be given to initiatives aimed at improving the mental health care system, reducing social exclusion, encouraging support and advice behaviors, and enduring systemic upheavals such as epidemics. According to the data, the impact of mental problems was much higher than it had been prior to COVID-19 both in Portugal and Brazil, compared to the previous year. The rate of mental diseases was 71.3 percent (with moderate anxiety being prevalent in 43.1 percent of the respondents), the rates of depression was 24.7 percent, and 23.8 percent of participants experienced from both mental anguish at the very same time, according to the findings of the research. In order to prepare for the long-term effects of poor mental wellbeing, Portugal and Brazil will need to provide prompt psychological assistance to their adult populations.
Administrative choices in the domain of mental health must be prioritized in order to successfully react to the COVID-19 outbreak. Presidencies must also demonstrate a desire to give help and support to people who have been affected by the virus in order to be effective responders. The first phase must consist of a public awareness campaign is to increase general populace awareness of psychological illnesses so not only someone who is facing issues seek proper intervention, but also those who are at increased risk (for instance, females and individuals who are lonely and isolated) can receive assistance as soon as possible. To provide universal health coverage, medical services must be expanded and publicly backed. Medical providers must be aware of risks and protective factors connected with psychological disorders and be able to provide counselling or medication in place or even through the network.
References
Almeida, M., Shrestha, A.D., Stojanac, D. and Miller, L.J., 2020. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health. Archives of women’s mental health, 23(6), pp.741-748.
Banerjee, D., 2020. The impact of Covid?19 pandemic on elderly mental health. International journal of geriatric psychiatry.
Chatterjee, S.S., Malathesh Barikar, C. and Mukherjee, A., 2020. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pre-existing mental health problems. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, p.102071.
Cullen, W., Gulati, G. and Kelly, B.D., 2020. Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(5), pp.311-312.
Harper, L., Kalfa, N., Beckers, G.M.A., Kaefer, M., Nieuwhof-Leppink, A.J., Fossum, M., Herbst, K.W., Bagli, D. and ESPU Research Committee, 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on research. Journal of pediatric urology, 16(5), pp.715-716.
Khan, K.S., Mamun, M.A., Griffiths, M.D. and Ullah, I., 2020. The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across different cohorts. International journal of mental health and addiction, pp.1-7.
Kumar, A. and Nayar, K.R., 2021. COVID 19 and its mental health consequences. Journal of Mental Health, 30(1), pp.1-2.
Pokhrel, S. and Chhetri, R., 2021. A literature review on impact of COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1), pp.133-141.
Semo, B.W. and Frissa, S.M., 2020. The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for sub-Saharan Africa. Psychology research and behavior management, 13, p.713.
Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L.M., Gill, H., Phan, L., Chen-Li, D., Iacobucci, M., Ho, R., Majeed, A. and McIntyre, R.S., 2020. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. Journal of affective disorders, 277, pp.55-64.
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