Reducing social disparities and exclusion in the health sector.
Organising health services around the people’s expectation and needs.
Integrating health into the all the sectors.
Increasing the participation of the stakeholders (Suter, 2011).
The five principles of primary health care are:
Accessibility-The principle is to ensure that the primary care services which are provided are affordable, available and provided and that the services are provided equally to all individuals irrespective of their age, gender, location or ethnicity (Mellinger, 2016).
Community or public participation-The principle is to ensure that the primary health care services which are provided involve all the community resources in the efforts of promoting health and addressing health problems which the individuals face at the grass root levels.
Health promotion-the principle is to ensure that the health care services which are provided contribute positively to the community social, economic conditions which have an impact on health (Suter, 2011).
Appropriate use of technology-the principle is to ensure that the medical technology which is put in place is feasible, affordable and that they are culturally accepted by the members of a given community.
Intersectoral collaboration B- the principle ensures that the community’s health and the well-being do not wholly depend on the effectiveness of the primary healthcare services .the business, organisations and government are equally very important in the promoting of the health and self-reliance of the community (Suter, 2011).
The governments to come up with policies which ensure equal distribution of resources.
Encourages people to work in rural areas to provide quality services.
Bringing more resources to the rural settings to boost the level of health services in the community.
Closing the gap in Life expectancy
Closing the gap in mortality rates among the children who are within five years.
Closing the gap of the indigenous students in the reading, numeracy and writing.
Closing the gap in employment outcomes (Mellinger, 2016).
Getting training.
Practice.
Getting feedback.
In that an assessment in the context of the course.
Part C
The World Food Organisation has the information which regards to the global strategy to ensure that the health gap is closed. In Australia closing the gap which is focusing on the life expectancy of the people of Australia (Saldana, 2009).
Part D
In February 2009 that the prime minister presented the report about the closing report which was then started being acted upon. Up to date a lot of focuses has been put in place to ensure that the initiative.
Part A
Gender
Gender refers the character which is socially constructed such as the roles, norms and the relationships of and between the different groups of men and women. Gender varies from one society to another and is changed (Association, 1992).
Part B
Socioeconomic status usually encompasses not only the income but also the educational, financial, attainment and security.
Part C
Lifestyle diseases refer diseases which are associated with the way individual lives. Or the way a given group of people live.
Part D
Culture is the way of life of a given group of people. What they usually people do and how they do it.
Alexander technique
Aromatherapy
Acupuncture
Homeopathy
Herbal medicine
Naturopathy (Mellinger, 2016)
Cancer
Diabetes
Kidney health complications
Physical injuries
Eye health complications
Respiratory health complications
Disabilities
Communicable diseases
Oral health complications
Ear health complications
Violence
Physical and health problems
Discrimination which is based on the culture or race
Social and economic disadvantages
Separation from the cultural and the identity issues.
Substance Misuse.
Provide the interpreter services to people who do not understand my language
Offer training to increase the cultural awareness.
Encourage the use of the community health workers.
To promote the culture-specific values into my working place (Mellinger, 2016).
Any form of practice of the complementary therapies should at all-time be incorporated with into the total care of the individual.
The practice which involves the complementary therapies should be well documented at all time.
The patient and the nurses must be adequately informed of the application of the complementary therapy.
Family and patient teaching
Reduction in the use of questionable benefit or unnecessary technology
The questionable need for the normal newborn nursery
Integrating research into the practice.
Use of computer technology as a tool to adjust to the prenatal care and birth.
Offering comprehensive breastfeeding support and education.
Offering health promotion beyond the postpartum period.
Operating theatre
Introduction of surgical safety checklist (Association, 1992).
Introduction of aseptic technique
Ensuring infections preventions
Effective communication during surgery
List the Australian Government major health funding mechanisms.
National partnership agreement
National pharmaceutical benefits scheme
Medicare benefits schedule
National healthcare specific purpose payment
National health agreement (Mellinger, 2016).
Part A
To encourage the individuals who are in most cases perceived as able to be capable of affording private insurance so as not to resort to the public health system.
Part B
Providing funding for different health initiatives,
Research various aspects of health.
Developing the various food standards in Australia.
Part A
To ensure that the health care departments have enough funds which can enable them to run the health care operations effectively and provide quality services to its citizens.
Part B
The health system is funded by the government coming up with a various mechanism which aid in the process of funding.
Part C
By having a programme which covers the dental, hearing and vision services which require funding.
Part D
A schedule fee refers a complete list of fees which is used by the Medicare to make payments to the doctor or other healthcare providers.
Part E
Safety net refers to anything which protects against misfortune or difficult.
Part A
Pollution.
Water pollution leads to water-borne diseases in both animals and human beings.
Water pollution causes death to aquatic animals.
Air pollutions cause respiratory related complications in human beings.
Air pollution hinders visibility for air transport and motorists.
Part B
The main purpose of sanitation is to provide a living environment which is healthy for everyone and also ensures that the natural resources are well protected.
Poor sanitation causes diseases such as typhoid and infectious hepatitis.
Poor sanitation leads to spread of diseases and infections.
Part C
The Global patterns of disease enable people to know the transition of diseases from one region to another. It also enables members of the community to understand how the diseases manifest among the members of the community.
Part D
It prevents the occurrence of communicable disease among members of the community.
It reduces the risk of disabilities which may occur due to lack of immunisation.
It leads to the proper development of young kids.
By the nurses ensuring that they provide the quality services to all their patients without looking at their age, colour or gender.
To ensure that they use the modern technology in their day to day activities.
To engage the locals in their nursing activities.
Promoting interactions with other professionals in the healthcare sector.
Part A
Multiculturalism and the responsibilities of the Enrolled Nurse
To improve the standards of healthcare which re provided in that given community.
To attend to the complex health cases which other people in the community cannot handle.
Part B
To provide quality services to the members of the given community to ensure that the healthy standards improve
To unite the members of the community with different cultures.
To train the members of the community on different matters which are relating to their health.
Part D
Identify the importance of interaction and communication within the multidisciplinary team.
It leads to provision of high-quality services.
It enhances teamwork among the various professionals.
It promotes interactions among them (Association, 1992).
Supported by regulatory mechanisms and offers a wide range of approaches to health care. Research one of the health issues from the list below, then provide a discussion on the following points:
Part A
HIV/AIDS- Human immunodeficiency virus is a virus which causes Aids. There is no cure for AIDS. This virus is mainly transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, a blood transfusion from an infected person, Mother to the child where the mother is infected with AIDS, sharing of the unsterilized piercing tool.
Part B
Stigmatisation- the individuals are being stigmatised in that people look down upon them.
Discrimination-They individuals who are suffering from this condition in most cases are being isolated.
Due to their weak immunity, they are prone to many diseases.
In the final stage of HIV/AIDS, the patients are usually very weak which make them unable to carry out their day to day activities (Association, 1992).
Part C
Due to their weak nature, most of them are unable to work which results to increase the poverty levels.
Most of the children have been orphaned because the parents have died young.
The healthcare facilities have been congested with the HIV/Aids patients who require special attention. Which make other patients who to receive poor medical attention.
The government is focusing a lot of resources on people who are infected. The resource which would have others been used in the development project.
Part D
Abstinence from unprotected sex for the unmarried people and for the married they should observe faithfulness.
Creating awareness to the public on how to control HIV/AIDS and the effects which HIV/AIDS on the individuals and the community (Ary, 2014).
Provision of ARVs to the infected people to stabilise their immunity. Which will increase their lifespans?
Increasing the health facilities which take care of the patients.
Part A
Accepts responsibility and accountability for the own nurse actions.
Practises nursing in a way which ensures that the dignity, confidentiality, respect and rights of the people are upheld.
Part B
NMBA registered nurse standards for the practice survey
ANMF national practice standards for the nurse in the general practice.
Draft enrolled nurse standard for practice (Ohno, 2013,).
Part C
What is the role of ANMAC?
Because of the migration purposes, the ANMAC is responsible for assessing the skills of
the midwives and nurses.
ANMAC is responsible for registering the nurses and midwives in Australia.
Part D
Register midwifery and nursing practitioners and students.
Handling complaints, notifications, investigations and the disciplinary hearings.
Approving the overseas trained practitioners who have wishes to practise and work in
Australia.
Developing the codes, standards and guidelines for the nursing and the midwifery professionals.
Part E
Supports the National boards in most of their primary role of protecting the public.
Tasked to publish the national register of practitioners so important information about the register of individual health practitioners is available to the public.
Registers and manages the renewal process for the health practitioners and the students around Australia.
Part A
Nurses
Doctors
Pharmacies
Home healthcare providers.
Midwives
Part B
Primary health service- Regular immunisation of young children who are below the age of 5. To protect them against communicable diseases.
Secondary services- regular checks and creating awareness on HIV/AIDs to control the spread.
Tertiary health care services- provision of ARVs to HIV/AIDS patients to stabilise their immunity (Ohno, 2013,).
Part A
From your research, list holistic nursing theories and models.
Rogers’ Theory of Unitary Human Beings
Nightingale’s Environment Theory
Hall’s Care, Cure and Core Theory
Parse’s Human Becoming Theory
Part B
Assist the patient to be able to see themselves as someone that deserves dignity.
Carry out training your patients on the importance of the self-care.
Use the non-pharmacological methods of pain control.
Having good eye contact which makes the better relations with the patients.
Part C
The nursing homes encourage family and other professional celebrations .the nursing homes are endeavoured to provide space for people to have fun among themselves. Parties such as birthdays and Christmas (Ohno, 2013,).
Part A
Homes are assessed against four Accreditation Standards. List the four Standards.
Residential aged care
Effective management
Service user rights and responsibility.
Appropriate access and service delivery.
Personal care and Health (Suter, 2011).
Part B
Partnering with Consumers
Preventing and Controlling Healthcare-Associated Infections
Medication Safety
Patient Identification and Procedure Matching
Clinical Handover
Blood and Blood Products
Preventing and Managing Pressure Injuries
Governance for Safety and Quality in Health Service Organisations
Example Equal Opportunity
Partnering with Consumers
Preventing and Controlling Healthcare-Associated Infections
References
Association, A.M., 1992. Journal of the American Medical Association, 9. Journal of the American Medical Asso267, Issue 9, 267(9), p.1450.
Beech, P.L..S..V..G.R.a.M.I., 1999. Direct Submission. Sydney: School of Botany, University of Melbourne.
Biology, A.S.f.C., 1993. The Journal of Cell Biology. The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 2, p.1711.
Ohno, S., 2013. Evolution by Gene Duplication. Evolution by Gene Duplication, 226(7), p.160.
Anastas, J. W. (2011). Research work and the Human Services. Columbia: Columbia University Press.
Ary, D. (2014). Analyzing Quantitative Behavioral Observation Data. Tokyo: Psychology Press.
Burns, N. (2010). Understanding Nursing Research – eBook: Building an Evidence-Based Practice. London: Elsevier Health Sciences.
Mellinger, C. D. (2016). Quantitative Research Methods in Translation and Studies. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Saldana, J. (2009). he Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. London: SAGE.
Saunders, M. N. (2015). Handbook of Research Methods on Trust: Second Edition. London: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Suter, W. N. (2011). Introduction to Educational Research: A Critical Thinking Approach. Manchester: SAGE Publications.
Armstrong, N. (2011). The Elite Young Athlete. Kansas: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers.
Beckmann, J. (2015). Sports Psychological Interventions in Competitive Sports. New York: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Bell, J. (1999). Doing your Research Project: A Guide for First Time Researchers in Education. London: Sage.
Berg., L. a. (2017). Qualitative Research Methods in Social Sciences. London: Pearson.
Black, T. (1999). Doing Quantitative Research in Social Sciences: An Integrated Approach. London: Sage.
Strosahl, K. D. (2013). A Practical Guide to Acceptance and C New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
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Bryman, A. (2015). Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cresswell, J. (California). ResearchQualitative, Quantitative and MixedApproaches. 2013: Sage.
Field, A. (2017). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. London: Sage.
Graham, R. (2014). Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture. Chicago: National Academies Press.
Green, K. (2016). Routledge Handbook of Youth Sport. London: Routledge.
Hoye, R. (2005). Sports Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Jones, G. C. (2004). Research Methods for Sports Students. London: Routledge.
Khan, K. (2011). Brukner & Khan’s Clinical Sports Medicine. Sydney: McGraw-Hill Education Australia.
Walliman, N. (2000).A Step-by-Step Guide for the First Time. London: Sage.
Williams, C. (2003). Data Analysis and Research for Sport and Exercise Science: A Guide Student. London: Routledge.
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