Impact Of Social, Environmental, And Behavioral Factors On Health Outcomes In Australia

Mental health in Australia and the depression in the specific group of people

Depression is a mental disorder in which the affected people feel very low in their respective environment. The one of the significant issue that Australia is facing is the problems with depression. It is noted that in Australia 45% of the people suffer the mental condition or the mental illness in their lifetime. Statistical study reviews that in one year 1 million of the people are having depression and over 2 million of the people are having anxiety (Ayyoub, 2015). Many of the people in Australia used to consume the antidepressant medicines in order to cure themselves. The following part of the paper will reflect about the gender in relation with the depression in the people of Australia. Also, what is the health promotion is performed with them and the level of interventions that have conducted with them. The health outcomes and the external factors are affected to the people of Australia.

Good mental health is the wellbeing of the people in Australia. Mental health problems or psychological depression like depression is diminishing the value of life and reduces the productivity of Australia. People with the high level of this illness can cause a high level of morbidity and the mortality rates in Australia. In the recent years, it is noted that one of the ten leading causes which affect the health of Australia is the depression and anxiety. Anxiety disorder like social phobia, panic disorder and traumatic stress disorder affects nearly all the people in Australia irrespective of the gender. Overuse of alcohol and drug issue in the people of Australia can lead those to depression (Beesley et al., 2015). The social factors affect the health of the people. Social elements can undermine or strengthen the individual’s health. The people from the more impoverished background have a high risk of poor health, and they do not have any advantages like the rich ones who can avail advantages. Their economic and the social conditions coin the health advantages and disadvantages experienced by the people of Australia. The higher the person has his socioeconomic position then more elevated is the health condition. Depression can cause a tremendous effect on the social life of the people in Australia (Wahlbeck, 2015). Most of the people are suffering from the depression are affected by mental illness due to their consumption of alcohol and cannabis. Through the report, it is shown that the worst mental health in the recent years was twofold as likely to live in a poor environment. Behavioural risk factors like the consumption of alcohol, using the illicit drugs and not getting enough exercises can cause a significant issue in the depression in Australia. Depression is expressed across various population groups in Australia. Depression is believed to be highly prevalent in the Aboriginal and the Torres Strait Islander. The problems which are faced by those population groups are trauma, grief and sorrow. In the aboriginal group of people are experiencing sexual, domestic violence and physical abuse. All this led to the tremendous depression in the population groups. Behavioural risk factors are also linked to the employment status of people of aboriginal people in Australia (Brown et al., 2013). It changes the socio-economic position of the country. Aboriginal people witness the pain and bitterness from their old memories. Health outcomes include whether a mental illness like depression gets worse or better, what is the total cost of the care and how satisfied are the patients when they get care. Introduction with the primary care which access to better care that eventually improves the total health consequences and lowers costs (Trompetter et al., 2017).. Improvement of the patients experiencing care, decreasing the per capita cost of healthcare and improving the health of population can improve the health outcomes in Australia.

Gender and human rights

Gender expects the nation to guarantee that wellbeing arrangement, projects, administrations and conveyance models are receptive to the necessities of ladies, men, young ladies and young men in the entirety of their assorted variety. Gender refers to the socially developed characteristics of men and women, like the principles, roles and connections of between assemblies of women and men. It shifts from one society to the other soiety. While the vast majority are considered either female or male, they are educated with suitable standards and practices which include how they should connect with others of the same or opposite sex inside the family units, networks and workplaces. Whenever people or gatherings donot “fit” set up gender standards they frequently oppose disgrace, unfair social avoidance – all of which unfavourably affect the health of the people. It is imperative to be gentle to various personalities that do not fit into twofold female or male sex classes. Gender standards and relations impact individuals’ helplessness to several comfort circumstances and diseases, and it influences their satisfaction in physical well-being, mental health and success. WHO, the world health organisation has supported the meetings and the performance indicators which is explained in detail in the United Nations System-wide Action Plan to the gender quality and the women empowerment. (Wong et al., 2017)

Health promotion methodologies are yet to amplify the unexplored asset nature gives, which includes the advantage of nature contact as a health promotion interference for the depressed population. Health promotion activities which are performed in the aboriginal people are The Halls Creek Community Families Programme. The health promotion involves in the evaluation of the role of the nurse to support the aboriginal people who are living in a remote area. The main consequences of the promotion activity is to propose the welfares for Aboriginal peer sustenance workers from the enabling role of the child health nurse (Munns & Walker, 2015).

 The method offers not just an expansion of prevailing health promotion and counteractive action exercises, but it also offers the ground for the socio-ecological advance to the community healthiness that unites environmental sustainability (Anderson & Kohler, 2015). The Ottawa Charter for the health promotion recognized the significance of environments supporting health which states the link between the people and their respective environment. The health promotion intervention incorporates an immediate spotlight on mental health like depression and anxiety symptoms.

Positive mental health is a program which is there to help all the Australians especially those who needs psychological treatment. Several aspects and models are produced to understand the concept of positive mental health. Through the methods of positive health programme, the vulnerable individual life can be converted to meaningful growth. The positive mental health programme staffs provide mental health assessment, supervising, monitoring and contributing to care planning to the people of Australia who are having depression. Positive mental health programme has a team of nurses, clinical directors and psychologist who are specialised in the depression and anxiety management. Positive mental health can be conceptualized as a subject of feeling prosperity (Swearer & Hymel, 2015). The programme formulated a scale to measure the negative and positive aspects of depression in particularly to the group of people. Later work investigating the definition and determinants of personal prosperity proposes that it has more impact on nature than nature applies to it. Psychotherapy programme can be implemented to the people who are having depression. The psychoanalytical approach promotes positive mental health criteria to the people of Australia as the person’s capacity to use their internal energy for understanding in sexual, intellectual and emotional domains.      

Health promotion to the Aboriginal people

Socio-ecological factors are associated with depression in Australia. According to Fletcher et al., (2017) the treatment of those with depression must not exist in a void. In its place, by investing SMS based, cooperative telephone related support system and mobile optimised for patients delivered by mental fitness facilities to patients, both studies explains how the technological services might support the various interactions between the families and patients.  In the depression issue Price-Robertson, Obradovic, and Morgan (2017) challenge the idea of independence understood in numerous recuperation models. They do this by concentrating on social associations through which individual change happens. In their model, recovery forms are distributed inside a relational system, rather than living inside one person. The researcher describes the social forces and multiple communities that have an impact on depression prevention, intervention and promotion. Platell, Cook, and Martin (2017) identified the problems faced by the young people of Australia when assessing mental health services. One of the several processes generated from their study was for the learning centres and to play a cruical role in the early interference of young people’s comfort (Calear et al., 2018).

Conclusion

It can be concluded hereby that it is essential to recognize that depression is a complicated condition which changes on the basis of severity. It is noted that antidepressant function very well for some of the individuals. It is recorded that in Australia 45% of the people face the mental condition or the mental illness in their whole lifetime. Social factors can undermine or strengthen the health of individuals. However, good mental health is the wellbeing of the people of Australia. In order to understand the mental health of the group health promotion activities is performed. The health promotion activity incorporates immediate attention for the people with mental illness. The objective and convention of public health also, wellbeing advancement can be connected similarly as helpfully in the field of emotional well-being as they have been in irresistible disease. Thus, the report in this issue draws on several, interconnecting levels between individuals, organisations, relatives and the community. 

References

Anderson, T. M., & Kohler, H. P. (2015). Demographic Transition Revisited: Low Fertility, Socioeconomic Development, and Gender Equity.

Ayyoub, H. N. (2015). Depression in Australia. MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE, 7(10), 15.

Beesley, V. L., Smithers, B. M., Khosrotehrani, K., Khatun, M., O’rourke, P., Hughes, M. C. B., … & Brown, L. J. (2015). Supportive care needs, anxiety, depression and quality of life amongst newly diagnosed patients with localised invasive cutaneous melanoma in Queensland, Australia. Psycho?oncology, 24(7), 763-770.

Brown, A. D., Mentha, R., Rowley, K. G., Skinner, T., Davy, C., & O’Dea, K. (2013). Depression in Aboriginal men in central Australia: adaptation of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9. BMC psychiatry, 13(1), 271.

Calear, A. L., Werner-Seidler, A., Torok, M., & Christensen, H. (2018). School-Based Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Depression. In Handbook of School-Based Mental Health Promotion (pp. 279-297). Springer, Cham.

Fletcher, R., May, C., Kay Lambkin, F., Gemmill, A. W., Cann, W., Nicholson, J. M., … & Bennett, E. (2017). SMS4dads: Providing information and support to new fathers through mobile phones–a pilot study. Advances in Mental Health, 15(2), 121-131.

Munns, A., & Walker, R. (2015). The H alls C reek C ommunity F amilies P rogram: Elements of the role of the child health nurse in development of a remote Aboriginal home visiting peer support program for families in the early years. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 23(6), 322-326.

Platell, M., Cook, A., & Martin, K. (2017). Barriers to mental health care for disadvantaged adolescents: perspectives of service providers. Advances in Mental Health, 15(2), 198-210.

Price-Robertson, R., Obradovic, A., & Morgan, B. (2017). Relational recovery: beyond individualism in the recovery approach. Advances in Mental Health, 15(2), 108-120.

Swearer, S. M., & Hymel, S. (2015). Understanding the psychology of bullying: Moving toward a social-ecological diathesis–stress model. American Psychologist, 70(4), 344.

Trompetter, H. R., Lamers, S. M. A., Westerhof, G. J., Fledderus, M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2017). Both positive mental health and psychopathology should be monitored in psychotherapy: confirmation for the dual-factor model in acceptance and commitment therapy. Behaviour research and therapy, 91, 58-63.

Wahlbeck, K. (2015). Public mental health: the time is ripe for translation of evidence into practice. World Psychiatry, 14(1), 36-42.

Wong, D. F. K., Cheng, C. W., Zhuang, X. Y., Ng, T. K., Pan, S. M., He, X., & Poon, A. (2017). Comparing the mental health literacy of Chinese people in Australia, China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: Implications for mental health promotion. Psychiatry research, 256, 258-266.