The culture represents and the ideologies and the valued imbibed in the daily routine of the organization. It is the fundamental to the communication and the operations of the organization. The organization culture reflects the beliefs of the organization through its work procedures. The organization culture is formed by the values which are not visible but shared by the stakeholders of the organization. The organization culture remains existent even when the members or the employees of the organization changes (Alvesson, 2012). It is important that the management takes an active part in the development of the organization culture, nature and its impact on the employees. It is important to understand the organization culture to communicate the new changes, new vision and ensure that the employees remain committed to the ideology of the organization. The organization culture of a business enterprise is developed by the ideologies and the vision of its business leader. The leadership advances the organization culture and transits the organization towards a new vision. Leadership and organization culture share an interdependent relationship.
The organization culture represents the views and the perspective of the leader as well as the employees of the organization. The members of the organization coexist and develop shared assumptions, beliefs and values which are different from other organization. The organization culture is critical in determining what to value and what things to prioritize. The company’s culture is embedded in the operations and business processes of the organization and it is persistent in the work culture of the employees. The culture of the organization is transmitted by shared stories, experiences and the behavior of the management. Different cultural value are transmitted to each employee with the medium of above strategies. The shared value of the employees guide the in their decision-making and guide their behavior. The employees are also attracted towards the organizations whose culture is similar to their own. The business organization also consider those employees ideal, who have internalized the organization culture and use them in their decision-making (Schabracq, 2009). The leadership is integral in development of the organization culture. The leadership is a dynamic process which requires skills and capabilities for envisioning, setting aspirations and motivating others. The transformational leadership is integral in motivating the employees for the expected outcomes (Msoroka, 2012).
The growth and the success of Apple Inc. can be associated with the leadership of Steve Jobs. He was responsible for developing a vision of the organization and motivating the employees towards shared objectives. There are a large number of researches on the impact of organization culture on the leadership decision; however, only a few research papers have examined the impact of the organization culture and the leadership on change process in an organization. In this regard, the research objectives of the present research are framed as:
According to Sharma and Sharma (2010), the culture and leadership have become the substitute for understanding the business processes and operations. The literature discusses that the source of the culture is values imbibed in the daily functions of the organization and the leaders are responsible for integrating the culture with the operations of the organization. The organization culture and the leadership have several managerial implications on the managerial decision-making in an organization. In the perspective of Schein (2010), a strong and positive organization culture is important in increasing the employee productivity and organization’s effectiveness as the employees have the flexibility to freedom to choose the best decision for the organization. The organization culture is also important in the development of several characteristics such as accountability, collaboration and adaptability which is essential in the survival of the organization.
Agbim (2013) has stated that organization culture and the leadership style is important in the innovation and product development in an organization. In the current dynamic and competitive business environment, it is important that the organization reinvent their product and services according to the developments in the information technology. The organization culture and the leadership are important in the innovation process as they are basic to idea generation and idea implementation in the organization. The organization culture depends on the leadership style and the relation development of the organization. In a business organization, leadership style can be either transactional or transformational. On the other hand, Keyton (2011) has stated that the relationship style refers to the relation between the supervisors or the line managers and the employees. Therefore, the leadership relationship style can negatively influence the organization culture and operations efficiency of the organization.
In the perspective of Bell, Chan and Nel (2014), the leadership influences the organization culture and the organization development. The literature has highlighted that leadership is critical in the development of a sustainable and competitive organization culture. The organization culture is an important factor in the growth of the organization as it influences the beliefs and eventually productivity of the employees. Moreover, the ability of an organization to adapt itself with the changing market conditions is also dependent upon the leadership style of the organization. The management is responsible for shaping the organization culture and creating a vision for the organization. The organization culture also works as a level for the change and development within the organization. The literature has highlighted that an organization can only build the culture adaptive to change with appropriate leadership.
In the views of Driskill & Brenton (2010), the management of the organization is responsible for developing the organization culture and the organization culture is controlling factor in the behavior and productivity of the organization. According to the study, the leadership style makes cultural changes in the organization. The organization culture provides direction and coherence and important in sustaining crucial values and behavioral patterns in the organization. The organization culture is also important in making the employees feel integrated in the organization. The business managers must be adaptive, consistent and promote involvement of the employees within the organization.
According to Alvesson & Sveningsson (2015), adaptability can be defined as changing the internal processes of the organization into actions. The adaptability refers to the ability to address the contemporary issues by reacting to the market changes. An adaptive organization refers to the organization which is ready to accept changes and the employees are prepared to accept new skills to achieve the objectives of the organization. A business organization should be adaptable to the external environment and this the managers need to integrate the leadership style, values and the changing demands so that the organization can adapt itself to the external environment. In the views of Schabracq (2009), the development of the positive organization culture is critical for the organization success and the leaders can build a positive organization culture by being supportive of the subordinates and including them in the decision-making process. The leaders can also build good organization culture which will assist the organization in developing and nurturing a culture which is adaptive to changes. The leadership is also important in assisting an organization in reinventing itself due to the changes in the external environment.
Ibidumni and Agboola (2013) have discussed that the culture of an organization initiates with the organization’s leadership. The culture of the organization is significant in shaping the outcomes and the business processes of the organization. According to the literature, the cultural factors are active at every level of the organization from lower level employees to higher level employees. The culture represents the values, beliefs and the codes of practice in the organization. Culture is subjective and reflects on the meaning and the understanding of different circumstances in the organization. According to Cameron & Quinn (2011), the perception and the beliefs which make up the culture of the organization are transmitted by the communication with the people inside and outside the organization.
Zehir et al. (2011) has stated that organization culture is immensely popular as it has strong relationship with the organizational outcomes such as financial performance, obtaining competitive advantage and developing effectiveness of the firm. All the business organizations having superior financial performance have focused on developing managerial beliefs and outcome to develop dynamic organization culture.
According to Voet (2013), the change process in the public sector organization is complex one. The public sector organization focuses on the content and the effects of the organization change rather than on the implementation process. It can be critiqued that the support of the employees is necessary for successful change. However, it can be posited that the employee support for the organization change is not only dependent upon the organization outcomes but also on the process of the change implementation. The willingness for adopting the change is important for its successful implementation. There are two different approaches for the change management process, namely, planned change and the emergent change process. In the planned change process, the rationale and the objectives of change process are determined in advance. The change process is planned with consideration to the results of the change. The focus of this process is the objectives of the change rather than the change process.
Connors & Smith (2011) have stated that the top management of the organization is responsible for the change process. The leadership of the organization initializes, control and coordinate the change process in the organization. However, the literature has highlighted that commonly, senior managers initiate the change process whereas the lower level employees are directly involved in the change process. The theory of change management process is associated with the transformational leadership which states that the leadership should articulate a vision, foster group goals and obtain individualized support so that the employees are willing to work for the change management process. According to Kotter (2008), the transformational leadership can effectively transform the organization by developing new visions and motivating the employees to get committed towards the vision.
Aarons, Ehrhart, Farahnak and Hurlburt (2015) have stated that leadership is important in bringing new change in the organization. Leadership is important in the implementation of innovation in business, health, and other business settings. The literature highlights that leadership is crucial for the change process and it can be improved by providing organization training. The employees can also be trained to increase the feasibility, acceptability and the perceived utility of the leaders. The leadership development can be considered as an important strategy for preparing the organization for change.
In the perspective of Carter, Armenakis, Field and Mossholder (2012), the organizational change is important for the organizations to become successful and remain existent. The organizations compete with each other and changing continuously. The managers of the organization can mitigate the organization tension and facilitate effective performance during the organization change. The transformational leaders should realize the change, create and share visions with the employees of the organization and motivate them to achieve the vision. Kotter (2012) highlighted that transformational leadership is effective in influencing employee performance at lower level which are an integral part of the change management process. With the help of high-quality relationships, the leaders can stimulate and support effective change in the organization and support change behavior in on-role or additional responsibility roles in the organization. The leaders should establish social exchanges in which different parties can interact as they have shared obligations, respect and trust. The business leaders should try to establish high quality relationships in which interpersonal communication is frequent, and the support and the trust between the manager and the employees is higher. With greater support, both the employer and the employees can find greater support for the organization.
Halkias, Santora, Harkiolakis, & Thurman (2017) have highlighted that the transformational leaders can transmit a stronger vision and the growth opportunities for the organization and the individuals employees. These leaders motivate the employees to think critically about the change initiatives and take independent charge for the change implementation. As a result, the employees become more favorable for the change process.
According to Sceer, Abolhassan, Jost, Kirchmer (2012), a clear communication plan is required for change implementation so that the change objectives and process can be communicated between different employees and the management. The communication process requires a clear communication plan which includes the transmission of key messages, communication channel, time schedules and feedback mechanism. A successful change management process requires involvement of all the employees and expects higher level of acceptance from them. There are three main components of the change management process, information, training and communication.
Marquis & Huston (2009) have stated that the managers and the leaders have integral role in the change management process. Therefore, the managers should be able to apprehend the planning process for the change. The leader should also be able to apply the planning procedures of the change. The managers should also be able to identify the driving and the restraining forces in the change environment and the resources necessary for the change process.
Goksoy (2015) has stated that the leadership is important in change management process. The leader should be able to inspire and convince the employees for adopting the change process. The leader should also be able to identify the requirements for the successful change and he must be able to implement those requirements.
The research methodology is the most crucial section of the research study. The research methodology directs the manner in which the research study will progress and impacts on the research outcomes. It is the theoretical analysis of the methods to the field of study (Roberts, 2010). The research methodology contains the theoretical analysis of the research methods which can be applied to research study. It includes research paradigms, theoretical models, research approach and the research methods. In the present research study, positivist research paradigm will be applied. The research paradigm can be defined as the view or the lens through which the researcher will see the complexity of the real world (Contini, 2013). The research paradigm is essential in examining how the knowledge is extracted from the world, design of the research questions and the structure of the academic work. According to the positivist paradigm, the reality is independent of the observer or researcher. This paradigm states that the knowledge gathered from the observation should be unbiased and the researcher should gather the information objectively. Such type of information constitutes scientific knowledge. This positivist research paradigm uses the deductive research approach (Popkewitz, 2012). According to this approach, the researcher identifies the underlying themes and hypothesis prior to the data collection methods. Then after, the researcher search through the collected data for establishing patterns and validating the research hypothesis.
The quantitative research methods are commonly integrated with the positivist research paradigm. The quantitative research methods are defined as the research methods wherein a systematic and empirical investigation is conducted to achieve results. The quantitative methods generally employ statistical, mathematical or other computational techniques. In the quantitative research, the researcher employs mathematical theories, models and hypothesis related to some natural phenomenon (Lederman and Abell, S2014). It is commonly used for the validation or the verification of research hypothesis. There are several methods of quantitative research such as survey or questionnaire. In the quantitative methods, a sample population is taken and the researcher assumes that the results can be generalized for the entire population. On the other hand, the qualitative research focuses on the asking broad questions and gathering some new information. The qualitative research is focuses on gathering new information which explains a natural phenomenon in social science research. The information collected through the qualitative research is non-quantifiable and collected for identifying new themes or phenomenon peculiar for the exclusive set of research participants.
In addition to it, the research methods can also be categorized as primary and secondary research methods. The primary research methods are defined as the research methods which collect new information pertaining to the research. The primary research methods are the propriety research methods and; therefore, the data is collected exclusively from the research subjects or the research participants. The primary research can also be conducted by scientific experiments or direct observation. The primary research methods are costly and time consuming. The researcher needs time and financial assets to conduct primary research (Rubin and Babbie, 2009). On the other hand, the secondary research methods refer to the collection of the information which was already gathered for some other research study. The secondary data can be collected with the government statistics, information collected through government departments or literature review. In the present case, the research method of survey is taken for the research. In this method, a survey questionnaire will be sent to the research participants with the help of email IDs. The research participants have to respond to the email within a week. The researcher will also send a consent form to the research participants in which they have to show their willingness to participate in the survey. It will contain the privacy terms and the objectives of the research.
The selection of the research participants will be according to the random sampling method. In this method, the research participants will be selected on a pure random basis. The result obtained from the research can be generalized to the entire population. The survey will be conducted with hundred research participants. All the research participants will be at the managerial position in different business organizations and familiar with the organization culture, leadership and their impact on the organization change process (Monsen and Horn, 2007).
In the present research study, the data collection method of survey has been selected. The data will be collected with the help of the survey. The research participants will have to select an option from one of the options provided in the questionnaire. The data collected with the help of the survey will be presented thorough graphical representation method. The graphical representation method is a common method of analyzing the numerical data. With the help of graphical method, the statistical data is represented in the form of graphs and curves. The graphical method is an appropriate method of analyzing the relationship between two variables. The graphs can be used to analyze and examining the dependency of one variable with another. In the graphical representation method, several methods can be used such as line diagrams, bar diagrams and pie charts. In the present research study, the pie diagram method is used for the graphical representation. It is an effective method to represent the quantitative data simply with diagrams. Different values of the variable are represented with the help of pie diagrams which show the inherent relationship between these variables (McNabb, 2015).
The ethical consideration is critical in the research. The ethics are the norms or the standards which used to identify the right actions from the wrong actions. The ethical considerations are important in the research as the research study is directed towards the welfare of the society. The ethical standards are important in the research as it prevents falsifying the data or the fabrication of the data. It promotes pursuit of knowledge which is the primary goal of the research. The ethical behavior also fosters research culture which can create accountability in the research. The researcher must assure that the information collected in the research is reliable and authentic. The ethical considerations guide the researcher in building trust, accountability and mutual trust with the other people in the research field. In the present research study, the researcher has assured to follow all the research ethics. He has research code of integrity and honesty. The researcher has assured that the research has been reported honestly. All the information is collected with honest means. In addition to it, the honesty principles are also applicable in research methods, analysis of data and results. The researcher has not made up any data or extrapolated any results which can mislead anyone (Israel, 2014).
The researcher has also assured to avoid bias in the research. The research should not intervene in research design, data analysis or the data interpretation. The researcher should also disclose any personal or financial interest which can impact on the credibility of the research. In addition to it, the researcher has assured that the work of other authors is not taken in the research study and if it is taken then their contribution is acknowledged in the research. It is important that the researcher do not plagiarize or copy the work of others and pass it in the research as their own work. The researcher has to assure to take permission before using the tools, methods or data from other people.
Another important aspect in the research ethics is to maintain the confidentiality of the research participants. The researcher should respect the privacy of the research participants. It is important that the researcher do not disclose the personal information or any other information which can harm the research participant in any other manner to the public. Additionally, the researcher should also assure that proper provisions and safety measures are taken for safeguarding the privacy of the research participants (Thomas, & Piccolo, 2012).
The timeline are integral part in the success of a research project. It is important to estimate the actual amount of time needed in different stages of the research. In order to develop the timeline of the research, the researcher forecast and determines the time of each research activity. The timeline of the research should contain all the research activities and the time that each research activity will take (Popkewitz, 2012).
|
Research activity |
Time period |
|
Development of the research proposal and its Approval |
One month |
|
Literature Review |
One month |
|
Determination of research methods |
One month |
|
Primary data collection |
Two months |
|
Data analysis |
Two month |
|
Conclusion |
One month |
It can be deduced that the research will take the time of approximately eight months. In the first month, the researcher will develop the research proposal and get it approved by the University. The research proposal will contain in detail the research objectives and the research methodology. In the next month, the researcher will collect the secondary data. It includes the synthesis of the information from the literature, journal articles and the books. In the research, the literature review will contain the information collected from the research of the prominent authors. In the next two months, the research will collect the primary information with the survey method. The information will be collected with the help of survey conducted from the managers at prominent positions at different organizations. The information collected from the survey will be generalized for the entire population. In the next two months, the information collected from different resources will be analyzed with the help of different data analysis methods. In the present case, the data analysis method of graphical representation will be taken. At the last month of the research, the researcher will select conclude the study and present the results of the research in appropriate form. The research conclusion is the most important part of the research as in this phase; the researcher tries to put together all the information in such a way so that it is easily readable and understandable by the researcher (Popkewitz, 2012).
It can be summarized that the organization culture and the leadership are important in the growth and the progress of the organization. The leadership style and the organization culture are also important in the change management process of the organization. It could be summarized that in the present, there are a large number of research on the impact of the leadership and organization culture on the productivity of the organization; however, little information is presented in the context of impact of leadership and organization culture on the organization change or reinvention process. The proposed research tries to explore the impact of the leadership and organization culture on the organization reinvention. In this regard, it is proposed that the researcher will take positivist stance in the research. The researcher with the positivism paradigm assumes that the reality is independent of the views of the researcher. It states that the information collected from unbiased means and experientially can be reported as scientific knowledge. The researcher with the positivist stance commonly uses quantitative research methods. The quantitative research methods refer to those methods in which the collected information can be represented by statistical or mathematical means. The data collection method of survey will be used in the research. In this method, the survey questionnaire will be circulated to hundred managers working at different business organizations. Random sampling will be used to generalize the results of the survey to the entire population. All the results of the survey will be presented with the graphical representation method. The researcher will also assure that all the ethical considerations are followed in the research. It will increase the credibility and authenticity of the research. The timeline of the research is determined as eight months. During this period, the researcher will complete the entire research.
The research is a complicated and challenging task. The researcher has to engage in tedious efforts for a prolonged period of time. During development of the research proposal, I realized that the research needs complete commitment from the researcher. During the research process, I realized that the development of the research questions and the research hypothesis is important for providing the research with an appropriate direction. The research questions or aims and objectives must be developed after the careful inspection and synthesis of the current knowledge. Therefore, the literature review is an important aspect of the research process. It develops the knowledge of the researcher around the research subject. When the researcher has adequate knowledge of the research subject, he can easily identify the research gaps. The literature review also develops the knowledge of the researcher regarding the research process and the research methodologies. Therefore, literature reviews is an important part of the research (Monsen and Horn, 2007).
In the current research project, I selected the research topic of the impact of the leadership and the organization culture on the organization reinvention. I realized that the present topic was interesting and there was little research in the same topic. The topic piqued my interest as I realized that the business organizations are always needed to adapt to changes. In the contemporary business scenario, the business organizations are needed to change themselves according to the developments in the market. Therefore, it is important that the organization develop plans to implement changes in the organization. The organization culture and the leadership are critical in the organization reinvention process. The business organizations should try to develop an organization culture which encourages there the employees to adapt to changes. The business organizations should try to create a positive and constructive organization culture. The organization should also focus on development of effective leadership so that the changes can be adapted in the organization (McNabb, 2015). During the literature review, I realized that it is also a tedious process. Before compiling any information in the literature review, it is important that the researcher should also focus on the verifying the viability and authenticity of the research process. The researcher should examine the authenticity of the research papers by examining their publisher and whether the research articles are peer reviewed or not. I also realized that in order to accurately examine the viability of the previous research papers, it is important to read the whole paper and examine the conclusion and the result of the research study. It can be critiqued that the secondary research is not an easy process and requires a lot of time and attention to detail.
The theoretical study of the large number of research papers requires attention to the detail and a high attention span. During the review of the literature in the research proposal, I realized that the secondary research is a time consuming process and requires a large amount of time. As a result, I have planned that during the actual research, I will devote one month in the literature review (Wengraf, 2001).
In addition to it, I also realized that the selection of the research methodology is very important in the success of the research. The research methodology gives direction to the research. It also guides how the researcher will find the answers to the research questions. The research methodology has a drastic impact on the outcomes of the research; therefore, it is important that the researcher select the research methods prudently. I also realized that there are t types of philosophies associated with different types of research approaches. It can be critiqued that the no specific research philosophy is right; however, the researcher needs to select the research philosophies which best aligns with the research questions and objectives.
There are several different kinds of data collection methods which are used for the data collection. The data collection methods can be differentiated as primary research methods and secondary research methods. In addition to it, the data collection methods can also be differentiated as quantitative research methods or qualitative research methods. The primary data refers to freshly acquired data obtained specifically for the research. Contrastingly, the secondary data refers to the data which was collected from some other purpose. During the development of the research proposal, I realized that the secondary research methods are easier than the primary research methods. The primary research such as observation, interview or survey requires a lot of efforts and time from the part of the researcher. I also realized that in comparison to other methods, the survey method is easier and less time-consuming. As a result, I have selected this method for the accomplishment of the research (Miller, Mauthner Birch and Jessop, 2012).
In addition to it, during the development of the research proposal, I also learnt about different approaches to research such as qualitative or quantitative data. The quantitative research methods refer to those methods which employ statistical and mathematical means to obtain research outcomes. Contrary to it, the qualitative research methods refer to those methods which collect information which cannot be represented through statistical means. The most common methods employed in the qualitative methods are the interview method and the observation method. I understood that different research methods yields different outcomes and the application of the research methods should depend upon the research questions and objectives. In the later stages of the research proposal, I developed a timeline for the research. It will assist me in the analysis of the progress of the research. It will also provide a direction of the research study. In the timeline, all the essential activities required for the research are outlined.
In addition to it, I also realized that ethical considerations are important in establishing the viability of any research. If a research is pursued unethically, it can cause negative impact on the reliability of the research and eventually diminish the credibility of the work. I understood different requirements which set the benchmark for research work’s credibility. I realized that it is important that the researcher only include the information originally obtained by him in the research. If the researcher is quoting the information or the work of someone else’s, it is important to give credibility to the researcher. The researcher should also assure that the private or the confidential information of the research participants is not leaked. The research participants take part in the research by trusting on the researcher. It is important to establish that the information collected during the research does not bring any harm to the research participants.
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