Title: Importance of standardization organizations help to allow stakeholders to maintain the standardization in telecom industry.
Standardization and regulation are essential in telecom industry in order to provide quality service to the users. There are several instances where lack of standard became heavy burden in the telecom industry. Present paper explains the importance of the standardization such as 3GPP for cellular networks, IEE 802.11, BBF for wire-line networks, and IETF for the future internet, ONF for software-defined networks and oneM2M for machine-to-machine communications helps the stakeholders to support and encourage interoperability between the businesses to allow communal ground and give opinions about the direction of the standards. In addition, the methods followed to achieve the objectives of the research are described in the paper.
In present study, research articles are searched that contain the importance of the standardization in telecom industry in order to help the stakeholders to give their opinion and support to maintain the standard in providing services and manufactures. The scholarly articles have been found on the topic. After that, the articles are sorted out with the help of inclusion and exclusion criteria and choose appropriate ones.
Standardization in interfaces, connectivity and medium are necessary. In addition, markets expand beyond of individual governments, here the significance of the standardization increases.
Vehicular ad-hoc networks is a concept that enables design of making emergent automotive safety programs that is based on awareness among vehicles. A suite of 802.11p/WAVE protocols have aim to support to develop car-to-communications. It is approved by IEEE (Blind & Mangelsdorf, 2016). There are also existing cellular network infrastructure and 3GPP LTE is above of all, considered as appropriate communication technology for vehicular applications. In order to avoid collision and lane change warning as well as electronic brake along with next generation applications for co-operative and active safety, the standardization assists to increase horizon of awareness. A suite of 802.11p/1609 wireless access in the vehicular environments of protocols aims to support the communication. It is approved by IEEE. On the other hand, potentials of WAVE technology and socio-economic challenges faced in vehicular ad-hoc networks are standardized through implementing 3GPP for cellular networks, IEE 802.11.
The 3rd generation partnership project makes telecommunication industry united in development of standard organizations like ARIB, ATIS, ETSI and TTA. The project covers the cellular telecommunications technology that includes radio access and quality of service. Therefore, it provides hooks for accessing non-radio to core network and internetworking with networks of WI-FI. Radio Access Network, Services and System Aspects and Core Network and Terminals are technical specification groups have a vital role in maintaining the standards of services (Shin, Kim, & Hwang, 2015). Along with these, meeting cycle of 3GPP develop a standard to meet the requirements of the users. IEEE 802.11 is set of media access control as well as specifications of physical layer to implement wireless local area network in communication of network in a range of 900 MHz with the frequency of 2.4, 3.6, 5 as well as 60 GHz bands of frequency.
The Internet Engineering Task Force is the place of birth of present internet. Vermesan and Fries (2014) stated that comprehending the activities is essential for users and organizations in order to anticipate future of internet. The IETF has an important role to explain, review and discuss protocols of network that are published in articles as Requests For Comments. On the other hand, IEEE represents them to IETF. IETF operate functions for standards development under auspices of internet society (Naudts et al. 2016). It helps the stakeholders associated with telecommunications to support the standards followed in the services of connectivity. The operations of the Internet Engineering Task Force fulfill the basic mechanism and development, which are based on the protocols, reviewing as well as independent testing through participating and republication of revised proposals (Blind, 2016). In addition, Internet Assigned Numbers Authority is central coordinator for assigning unique parameters values to maintain the standards of internet protocols. As IETF develops voluntary internet standards and in specific standards it comprise internet protocol suite, the stakeholders get a chance to support the standards of the telecommunication protocols and interfaces. It helps the organizations to follow a standard during creating the interfaces and mediums of connectivity.
The Open Networking Foundation is an organization funded by Facebook, Google, Verizon, Yahoo and Deutsche Telekom. De Vries (2013) commented that it aims to promote networking through software-defined network and make standardization in OpenFlow protocol related to the technologies. The standards set by the foundation for software-defined networks. In telecommunications, software-defined networks are dynamic, cost-effective as well as adaptable make ideal for high-bandwidth and dynamic application. The OpenFlow protocol is used for SDN solutions. The network has a vital role for its direct programmability and decoupled from forwarding the functions. Adoptio of OpenFlow software by Google serves on board and representative of founding board members. Stand-alone terminal as well as equipments of computer operates functions independently. Therefore, the creator of products and services follow the standards and regulations, which allow the stakeholders to give their opinion about direction of the standard.
Modern telecom networks include increasing variety of the proprietary hardware. Launching of new service needs proper network reconfiguration as well as on-site installation of new products that requires extra space (Fan et al. 2013). It is important to maintain innovation cycle that needs flexibility as well as dynamism compared to allowances of hardware. The applications are supported through dynamically configured and automated environments of cloud. The functions of networks are virtualized and allow the networks to be capable and agile in order to respond automatically to the requirements of traffic and services running on it.
The technologies that are key enabling for vision including software defined networking as well as Network Functions Virtualization (Fang et al. 2016). These are complementary and increasingly co-dependent to gain advantages of software-defined networking that can be completely realized.
Machine-to-machine communications as well as the internet of things are evolving in critical foundations that exist in order to enable the applications. These are developed on distinctive networks as well as platforms for easily along with seamless exchange the information. The industry needs to move one step closer that is closer to reality with launching of oneM2M application. Developers of application and service provider as well as the Governments ensure that appropriate framework (Rainville, Hawkins & Bergerson, 2015). It is developed for supporting the future of potential connected services. The telecom industry is recognized with the requirements for general standards in the partnership with industry to create oneM2M.
Globally available one M2Me App-ID Registry gives unique ID to each of applications in order to facilitate communication between the device and applications. In addition, the developers can register the application online that secures place in the marketplace of M2M (Baumann-Pauly et al. 2016). However, it provides the application extra exposures as IoT ecosystem for expand. This knowledge helps to develop effective machine-to-machine communication. The standards set up the particular system assist to develop communication between machines with proper standard.
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that standardization has an important role to set up the standards to create equipments and services. 3GPP for cellular networks defines the standards in mobile communication. In addition, IEEE and IETF create standard and regulations for ensuring appropriate service to the users. This standardization assists the stakeholders related to telecom industry to support as well as encourage the interoperability in business. The challenges faced by an individual organization in telecom industry, these standards allow communal ground to give their opinion and follow the standard.
References
Baumann-Pauly, D., Nolan, J., van Heerden, A., & Samway, M. (2016). Industry-specific multi-stakeholder initiatives that govern corporate human rights standards: Legitimacy assessments of the Fair Labor Association and the Global Network Initiative. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-17.
Blind, K., & Mangelsdorf, A. (2016). Motives to standardize: empirical evidence from Germany. Technovation, 48, 13-24.
Blind, K. (2016). 14. The impact of standardisation and standards on innovation. Handbook of Innovation Policy Impact, 423.
De Vries, H. J. (2013). Standardization: A business approach to the role of national standardization organizations. Springer Science & Business Media.
Fan, Z., Kulkarni, P., Gormus, S., Efthymiou, C., Kalogridis, G., Sooriyabandara, M., … & Chin, W. H. (2013). Smart grid communications: Overview of research challenges, solutions, and standardization activities. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 15(1), 21-38.
Fang, F., Fang, F., Dickson, K., Dickson, K., Wang, D., & Wang, D. (2016). The standardization model of innovation: case of high-technology enterprises. Chinese Management Studies, 10(1), 102-118.
Naudts, B., Tavernier, W., Verbrugge, S., Colle, D., & Pickavet, M. (2016). Deploying SDN and NFV at the speed of innovation: toward a new bond between standards development organizations, industry fora, and open-source software projects. IEEE Communications Magazine, 54(3), 46-53.
Rainville, A., Hawkins, R., & Bergerson, J. (2015). Building consensus in life cycle assessment: the potential for a Canadian product category rules standard to enhance credibility in greenhouse gas emissions estimates for Alberta’s oil sands. Journal of Cleaner Production, 103, 525-533.
Shin, D. H., Kim, H., & Hwang, J. (2015). Standardization revisited: A critical literature review on standards and innovation. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 38, 152-157.
Vermesan, O., & Friess, P. (Eds.). (2014). Internet of things-from research and innovation to market deployment (pp. 74-75). Aalborg: River Publishers.
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