Medicinal plants are greatest resources in curing many diseases from olden days. This research work focuses on antimicrobial activity against Urinary Tract Biota (UTB) and cervical cancer cell line treated by commonly available medicinal plants Lawsonia inermis L.
and Moringa oleifera Lam. extracts using four different solvents depending upon polarity petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol. Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant assay (DPPH and ABTS), GC-MS analysis and cytotoxic assays were performed. Ethyl acetate extract of Lawsonia inermis L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. was chosen for the screening of GC-MS analysis and cytotoxic analysis as it exhibited highest repeated activity in antimicrobial and antioxidant assay. As a result L. inermis is effective against bacterial species Proteus mirabilis and fungal species Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida tropicals causing Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) whereas Moringa oleifera Lam. extract was active against bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungal species Candida tropicals causing Urinary Tract Infection which was confirmed by Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC).
Effectiveness of ethyl acetate extract of Lawsonia inermis L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. against cervical cancer cell line (KB cells) was tested. IC50 value of Lawsonia inermis L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. was 135.26 and 172.55 respectively, this justifies strongly that the Moringa oleifera Lam. exhibited highest cervical cancer cell line (KB Cells) at higher dosage of 400µg/ml than Lawsonia inermis L. Hence, using the extracts as a traditional medicine to cure UTI, gonorrhoea, irregular menstrual problems leading to cervical cancer in severe cases is a proper medicinal approach.
Keywords: Lawsonia inermis, Moringa oleifera, Cervical cancer, Urinary Tract Infection, KB cells
1. INTRODUCTION
Plants from the ancient times onwards have played an important role in order to maintain the human health and also to treat many ailments and disorders. Herbal medicine that are obtained from plant parts are in greatest demand rather than chemical drugs due to their harmful side effects. Many plants are reported by the researchers’ community that are used by the ethanobotanical community to treat various diseases like leprosy, psoriasis, malaria, cardiovascular problems, liver disorders, nervous system disorders, digestive and metabolic disorders and even severe diseases like cancers are also treated with medicinal plants. In recent times focus on plant research has increased all over the world (Kamal et al., 2015).
Globally 72,000 – 77,000 (17-18% of World flora) of plants are used for medicines and are considered as medicinal plants. Seventeen different countries are identified as Mega – diverse countries by World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), India is one among them (Rajeswara Rao et al., 2012). World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 70-80% of the population belonging to India and other developing countries depends upon the herbal medicines obtained from plant parts as a primary health care. It is also documented that almost about 8000 plants are said to have medicinal values (Rajeswara Rao et al., 2015). Almost 90% of medicinal plants are obtained from the forests of India (Gangola et al., 2017).
Tamil Nadu is not an exception in utilizing medicinal plants to a greater extent; it possesses a greatest hub of medicinal plants in Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats. Western and Eastern Ghats have thousands of endemic medicinal plants. Even today using medicinal plants to cure diseases is not only prevailing among tribal community but also practised in many areas in Tamil Nadu as we possess numerous medicinal plants.
In general usage of medicinal plants to cure various diseases is practised not only in Tamil Nadu but also in India and even globally. Our concern in the present research is to analyse two different plant samples Lawsonia inermis L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. that are capable of curing gonorrhoea and irregular menstrual period (Balamurugan et al., 2017). Leaf extracts of Lawsonia inermis L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. are capable of treating microorganisms that causes urinary tract infection (UTI) (Kouadri 2018 and Abraham 2014). Urinary tract infection is a complication that occurs in a patient with cervical cancer (Ramadhani Mlange et al., 2016). Clubbing all these facts together this research was undertaken.
All the microorganisms chosen in this work are the causative organisms of urinary tract infection (UTI) which in severe cases can also cause gonorrhoea leading to cervical cancer too. And thus antimicrobial screening of Lawsonia inermis L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extracts would help the future generation for treating Urinary tract infection traditionally as people now-a-days prefer traditional and herbal medicines.
Gonorrhoea is an infection that occurs both in men and women. In females, gonorrhoea results in cervix infection. Signs and infections of gonorrhoea includes increased vaginal discharge, painful urination, vaginal bleeding between periods and abdominal or pelvic pain.
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among Indian women (as per New Global Cancer data, Globocon 2018). Burden of this disease is that more women in India were died due to cervical cancer than in any other country. New cases of cervical cancer detected in India are about 96,322 every year. Thus finding a remedy in herbal medicine is very important because people who are economically backward cannot afford the chemical drugs available to treat cancer.
The aim of the present work is to evaluate the phytochemicals, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancerous potential of commonly used medicinal plants namely, Lawsonia inermis L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. As per the previous literature (Balamurugan et al., 2017) both the plants are used by tribes as traditional medicine for gonorrhoea. Reports (Balamurugan et al., 2017) say that both the plants are used to cure disease like gonorrhoea that causes painful urination and white discharge in women. And unfortunately gonorrhoea in severe cases would result in cervical cancer (Furgyik 1987). Hence the present work is mainly focused to observe the antimicrobial activity against Urinary Tract Biota (UTB) and also to observe the toxicity against cervical cancer cell lines. Moreover the selected plants are easily available for all kinds of people.
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