Information Resource To Substantiate The Benefits Of Vitamin Oral Supplements

Purpose of Information Resource

Discuss about the Information Resource To Substantiate The Benefits Of Vitamin Oral Supplements.

The information resource regarding vitamin D supplementation will provide evidences regarding the advantages of vitamin D oral supplements administration on the health and wellness of the pregnant women as well as their developing foetuses. The sole purpose of this information resource is to educate the pregnant women regarding the requirement of administration of vitamin D in accordance with the developmental needs of the developing fetus. The information resource also advocates the requirement of enhancing the pregnancy outcomes while systematically motivating the pregnant women for consuming vitamin D supplementation (De-Regil, Palacios, Lombardo, & Pena-Rosas, 2016). Indeed, the counselling of the pregnant women regarding the systematic administration of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy substantially reduces the risk of pre-term birth and associated adversities. The concomitant administration of calcium and vitamin D reduces the predisposition of the pregnant women in terms of acquiring pre-eclampsia and associated cardiovascular complications. The sustained defects in obstetric metabolism during pregnancy lead to multivitamin deficiency and associated clinical complications. This deficiency requires earliest mitigation with the objective of reducing the scope of development of musculoskeletal complications in the pregnant women. The pregnant women require attaining information booklets and pamphlets containing educational material regarding various pregnancy complications (including tumours, infections, immune system defects as well as metabolic syndrome) that could emanate under the sustained influence of vitamin D deficiency. (Mithal & Kaira, 2014). The informational leaflets as well as workshops are highly necessary with the objective of increasing the knowledge of pregnant women regarding the administration of 4000 units (of vitamin-D) per day for fetal development (Mithal & Kaira, 2014). The sustained insufficiency of vitamin D in pregnant women increases their risk of developing adverse clinical conditions attributing to spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth restriction, pre-term delivery and gestational diabetes (Flood-Nichols, Tinnemore, Huang, Napolitano, & Ippolito, 2015). Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy also increases the risk of caesarean section and associated complications. The information leaflets require dissemination to the pregnant women in the hospital premises with the objective of increasing the pattern of self-monitoring regarding vitamin D administration for minimizing the pregnancy related clinical complications (Flood-Nichols, Tinnemore, Huang, Napolitano, & Ippolito, 2015). Evidence-based research advocates the requirement of administering calcium supplementation during pregnancy with the objective of facilitating foetal skeletal growth (Lewis, Lucas, Halliday, & Ponsonby, 2010). The enhanced absorption of vitamin D through various dietary sources as well as maternal bone during foetal growth leads to the additional requirement of vitamin D administration in the pregnant women. Researchers have not yet defined the optimum serum threshold requiring standardization for evaluating the pattern of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy. The information resource (i.e. vitamin D leaflets) will reduce the risk of pregnant women in terms of developing fertility related impairment during the antenatal period (Lewis, Lucas, Halliday, & Ponsonby, 2010). The Vitamin D informational leaflets will also substantially increase the pattern of bone mineralization (i.e. absorption of phosphate and calcium) in the developing fetus while enhancing the awareness of the pregnant women regarding the administration of regular dosages of vitamin D irrespective of their vitamin D deficiency (Thorne-Lyman & Fawzia, 2013). The information resource will increase the knowledge base of the pregnant women in terms of the vitamin D requirement to facilitate the smooth functioning of their cellular function, nervous system activities and muscles contraction (Thorne-Lyman & Fawzia, 2013). The information resource will also help the pregnant women in understanding the requirement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] administration for reducing the risk of small-for-gestational age babies (Wei, 2014).

Rationale of the expected benefits

Vitamin D information resource will greatly influence the healthcare sector while serving as a potential health facilitator for the pregnant women and their developing foetuses across the globe (Kotta, et al., 2014). The information resource will also improve the healthcare knowledge of pregnant women with the objective of minimizing occurrence of the diseases like rickets in the developing babies. The information resource will motivate the pregnant women for undertaking proactive steps in the context of facilitating their repair processes, immunity pattern, host defence mechanism and regulatory systems during pregnancy (Kotta, et al., 2014). The information leaflets will admire the pregnant women for practicing food fortification and systematic administration of oral vitamin D, calcium and minerals supplements as a part of safe pregnancy management practice (Kotta, et al., 2014). The increasing pattern of awareness of pregnant women and healthcare practitioners regarding the significance of multivitamin supplementation and associated health benefits necessitates the requirement of developing an evidence-based information resource for reducing the pattern of uncertainties faced by the medical practitioners while prescribing vitamin D and mineral oral supplements to the population of interest. The vitamin D supplementation (i.e. 25(OH) D) resource would require dissemination among the pregnant women for increasing their knowledge regarding the expected offspring birth weight, serum calcium concentration and bone mass. The pregnant women would therefore utilize this information resource for effectively optimizing their vitamin D levels for improving their antenatal outcomes (Harvey, et al., 2014). The information resource would require emphasizing the significance of numerous factors that regulate the productivity of vitamin D in the pregnant women (De-Regil, Palacios, Lombardo, & Pena-Rosas, 2016). Administration of vitamin D oral supplementation during pregnancy reciprocally influences the post-natal growth of the prospective child (Hollis, et al., 2017). For example, maternal calcidiol directly influences the pattern of the head circumference of the growing child during the postnatal period. The information resource will help the lactating mothers in administering a dosage of 6400 IU daily with the objective of reducing the occurrence of vitamin D deficiency in the developing infants (Hollis, et al., 2017). The information brochure will provide step-by-step instructions to the pregnant women regarding nutritional administration to the breast-feeding infant. The information resource will enhance the willingness of the lactating mothers in terms of administering additional vitamin D to their developing babies while understanding the fact that their breast milk alone cannot accomplish their nutritional requirement. 

The information resource will contain detailed information regarding vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy; however, the cost of developing the brochure could prove to be the biggest hindrance in developing the information resource. It is well known fact that vitamin D supplementation cost-effectively treats the pattern of osteoporosis in the elderly women (Hiligsmann, et al., 2015). Therefore, the cost constrain could change the decision of information developers and healthcare professionals regarding the inclusion of the information resource in the process of pregnancy management (Harvey, et al., 2014). The healthcare professionals and staff members might exhibit resistance in disseminating the information resource because of their heavy workload while stating contrary rationales related to the dysregulated immune response and epidermal barrier dysfunction that could occur under the influence of sustained vitamin D administration in pregnant women (Mesquita, Igreja, & Costa, 2013). Another barrier could include the local language of the pregnant women because of that they might not feel comfortable in studying the information content in the English language. The facilitator of the information dissemination would include the partial knowledge of some of the pregnant women regarding vitamin D administration and those women could exhibit interest in the information resource and motivate other women in the health benefit from the disseminated leaflets. The pregnant women who have had some knowledge regarding the potential of vitamin D in reducing the occurrence of cancer in pregnancy could also motivate their fellow pregnant women in utilizing the information resource for enhancing their health benefits.  

Barriers and facilitators to the education resource implementation

Evidence-based clinical literature indicates the elevated prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women (Kennel, Drake, & Hurley, 2010). This indicates the requirement of developing an authentic information resource for enhancing the awareness and knowledge of clinicians and pregnant women in terms of practicing evidence-based strategies for reducing the occurrence of vitamin D deficiency and its risk factors. The vitamin D supplementation information resource is also required in terms of reducing the risk of depression, autoimmune diseases, falls and associated fractures in the pregnant women that might happen under the sustained deficiency of vitamin D (Nair & Maseeh, 2012). Pregnant patients require increasing their knowledge regarding the food sources that contain elevated levels of vitamin D supplement. For example, liver, egg yolk and fatty fish prove to be the extra source of vitamin D (Thacher & Clarke, 2011). Pregnant women could resultantly consume these eatables with the objective of minimizing their predisposition towards the acquisition of vitamin D deficiency and associated adversities. The proposed information resource would effectively cater to these requirements while sequentially explaining the desirable steps that require implementation for improving the health outcomes of the pregnant women and their developing foetuses. Pregnant patients remain unaware regarding the guidelines of vitamin D oral administration for maintaining their serum vitamin 25(OH)D level. They also require increasing their awareness regarding the potential of vitamin D oral supplementation in terms of reducing their risk of acquiring various non-communicable, communicable and chronic disease conditions. Pregnant patients also require increasing their knowledge regarding the adverse effects of prolonged vitamin D administration. The information resource will increase the vitamin D administration knowledge of the pregnant women in terms of reducing their risk of acquiring the pattern of hypercalciuria and hypercalcemia that could complicate pregnancy during the prenatal period (Pludowski, et al., 2017). The self-administration of recommended vitamin D oral supplements (under the direction of the information resource) will reduce the risk of occurrence of these clinical complications in pregnant women. Accordingly, the recommended information resource will incorporate these facts with the objective of facilitating the safe and effective administration of vitamin D oral supplementation to the pregnant women.

The effective implementation of the recommended information resource will reduce the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency outcomes including infancy rickets, congenital rickets, development of large fontanelle, enamel defects, infantile heart failure, seizures, neonatal hypocalcaemia and small for gestational age (Mulligan, Felton, Riek, & Bernal-Mizrachi, 2010). The information resource directed administration of standardized dosages of vitamin D oral supplement will substantially reduce the risk of development of elevated parathyroid hormone level, maternal myopathy, limited weight gain, bone loss, calcium malabsorption and pre-eclampsia in the pregnant women (Mulligan, Felton, Riek, & Bernal-Mizrachi, 2010). The enhancement of vitamin D deficiency awareness in clinicians and pregnant patients through the information resource will reduce the occurrence of neonatal adversities including breast feeding facilitated rickets, decreased bone mineral density and neonatal hypocalcaemia that arise under the influence of sub-clinical level of serum 25(OH)D (Mulligan, Felton, Riek, & Bernal-Mizrachi, 2010). The administration of directions (by the information resource) regarding vitamin D fortified foods intake will substantially decrease the risk of developing subclinical myopathy and bone loss in the lactating mothers. Pregnant women will eventually acquire the pattern of subclinical parathormone and serum calcium level after following the systematic dietary regimen admixed with therapeutic dosages of vitamin D oral supplementation in accordance with the instructions by the information resource (Mulligan, Felton, Riek, & Bernal-Mizrachi, 2010). The systematic utilization of the information resource will elevate the understanding of vitamin D associated toxicity among the pregnant women that will eventually reduce the risk of developing infant in terms of acquiring infantile idiopathic hypercalcemia. The standardization of therapeutic dosages of vitamin D oral supplementation in pregnant women will reduce the occurrence of urine-calcium loss under the influence of hypercalcaemia establishment.

The information resource will recommend the oral administration of 400-1000?IU of vitamin D on a daily basis to infants (Pramyothin & Holick, 2012). It will also recommend the administration of 600-1000?IU of oral vitamin D to the toddlers. The information resource will direct the pregnant women in terms of cosuming 15000-2000IU of oral vitamin D supplement for daily in the context of maintaining its serum concentration level of 30ng/ml (Pramyothin & Holick, 2012). The information resource will promote the IOM guidelines that recommend the daily administration of 600IU of vitamin D with the objective of maintaining the pattern of foetal and maternal bone metabolism (Urrutia & Thorp, 2012).

Implementation of vitamin D information resource requires the organization of education sessions for the pregnant women as well as the healthcare community in the context of emphasizing the need of systematic administration of vitamin D oral supplement for the enhancement of the desirable health outcomes. The improvement in their English language proficiency is necessarily required for motivating them towards utilizing the information leaflets. The cost versus benefit analysis will motivate the healthcare facilities in developing the information resource while understanding that the benefits of the information resource will overcome the associated cost in the longer term.

References

Chakraborti, C. K. (2011). Vitamin D as a promising anticancer agent. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 43(2), 113-120. doi:10.4103/0253-7613.77335

De-Regil, L. M., Palacios, C., Lombardo, L. K., & Pena-Rosas, J. P. (2016). Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008873.pub3

Flood-Nichols, S. K., Tinnemore, D., Huang, R. R., Napolitano, P. G., & Ippolito, D. L. (2015). Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Pregnancy. PLoS One, 10(4). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123763

Harvey, N. C., Holroyd , C., Ntani , G., Javaid , K., Cooper , P., Moon , R., . . . Cooper , C. (2014). Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy: a systematic review. Health Technology Assessment, 18(45), 1-190. doi:10.3310/hta18450

Hiligsmann , M., Ben , S. W., Bruyère , O., Evers , S. M., Rabenda , V., & Reginster , J. Y. (2015). Cost-effectiveness of vitamin D and calcium supplementation in the treatment of elderly women and men with osteoporosis. European Journal of Public Health. doi:10.1093/eurpub/cku119

Hollis, B. W., Wagner, C. L., Howard, C. R., Ebeling, M., Judy, R. A., Shary, M. S., . . . Hulsey, T. C. (2017). Maternal Versus Infant Vitamin D Supplementation During Lactation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics, 136(4), 625-634.

Kennel, K. A., Drake, M. T., & Hurley, D. L. (2010). Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: When to Test and How to Treat. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 85(8), 752-758. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0138

Kotta, S., Gadhvi, D., Jakeways, N., Saeed, M., Sohanpal, R., Hull, S., . . . Griffiths, C. (2014). “Test me and treat me”—attitudes to vitamin D deficiency and supplementation: a qualitative study. Health Services Research, 1-9. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007401

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Mesquita, K. D., Igreja, A. C., & Costa, I. M. (2013). Atopic dermatitis and vitamin D: facts and controversies. Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologica, 88(6), 945-953. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132660

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Mulligan, M. L., Felton, S. K., Riek, A. E., & Bernal-Mizrachi, C. (2010). Implications of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and lactation. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, e1-e429. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.09.002

Pludowski, P., Holick, M. F., Grant , W. B., Konstantynowicz , J., Mascarenhas , M. R., Haq , A., . . . Wimalawansa , S. J. (2017). Vitamin D supplementation guidelines. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.021

Pramyothin , P., & Holick , M. F. (2012). Vitamin D supplementation: guidelines and evidence for subclinical deficiency. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 28(2), 139-150. doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32835004dc

Thacher, T. D., & Clarke, B. L. (2011). Vitamin D Insufficiency. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 86(1), 50-60. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0567

Thorne-Lyman, A., & Fawzia, W. W. (2013). Vitamin D during pregnancy and maternal, neonatal and infant health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 26(01). doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01283.x.

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Wei, S. Q. (2014). Vitamin D and pregnancy outcomes. Current Opinion in Obstetric Gynaecology, 26(6), 438-447. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000117