Apple was founded in 1976 by Jobs and Steve Wozniak. It is considered as a prominent designer and integrator of the computer software and hardware. The innovations of Apple have radically come with consistency. The company uses three evaluations in the inception of product innovations, a marketing required document, an engineering requirement document, and a user-experience document. This report includes the innovation and strategy of the Apple along with the innovation approach. The report also identifies the role of the Apple’s people and impact of the Steve Jobs on Apple’s processes and innovation.
Apple is capable of generating ideas, managing innovation and then effectively diffusing innovation. The company effectively conducts research and development in order to generate ideas and search for the opportunities. Apple invents the aspects like products, processes, customer experience, business model and leadership. There is a modernization factory at Apple which conducts all the experiments and makes use of talented people which helps it to stay ahead in the competition. The innovations at Apple are driven by the external uncertainty and the competition. The supporters of the innovation capability in Apple includes management, organizational culture, innovation strategy, and innovation competencies (Fortwengel, Schüßler & Sydow, 2017). The innovation and strategy works together at Apple.
The motto of the Apple “Think different”, motivates all the working people in the company to be innovative. The company makes effort to recognize, protect and encourage all the innovators. The innovators are also remunerated in the monetary terms or as an appreciation awards. Apple has devoted various resources to innovation because it requires capital and the lack of capital can delay the creativeness (Sarooghi, Libaers & Burkemper, 2015). At apple, all employees adopt the innovation, as it is everyone’s duty in the company. The company regularly evaluates all the on-going projects and analyses the current activities which are essential for carrying out the company’s work in an appropriate manner. The employees of the Apple are skilled enough to handle the risk and learn from their mistakes (Daniel, 2018). The financial resources available are helpful in the funding for innovations. The best human resources available in the Apple keep the company a step ahead.
Apple has adopted an “integrator approach” which activates designing, engineering and selling on its own products instead of certifying its goods to the network associates. It affects the complete product range from software to hardware and to customer electronic products (Hon & Lui, 2016). This approach enables and empowers Apple to control and react rapidly to the fluctuating conditions. The company do not have any reliance on the network associates. Apple only emphases on the few products for each single market and make efforts to make markets perfect as possible. Thus, Apple pays substantial attention to the products, functionality, designing, and usability in order to distinguish itself from the rivals. The company adds loyalty in terms of the high superficial value (Anderson, Poto?nik & Zhou, 2014).
Apple follows the principle of “Simple is sophisticated” and follows the systematic approach specifically in the products and manufacturing process. The designing team of the company plays a major role in converting the innovative ideas into the designing. The specific needs of the customers are targeted through the strategic innovation approach (Perry-Smith & Mannucci, 2017). The approach focuses on the better innovation capabilities and enhanced quality. The market is evaluated in the better way before the product development. The innovation tactics used by the Apple are incremental innovation, continual learning and open innovation. Apple focuses on adding incremental features to the existing products instead of launching new disruptions. It emphases on updating of its operating system. Apple learns from its failures and find out the opportunities to develop new competencies. Apple has opened its high profile software for the operator’s feedback. Jobs have made various efforts to listen and respond to the customer’s feedback (Ghosh, 2015).
Apple has been successfully drawing attention of the substantial number of employees and the app developers in the past four to five years. The people of Apple are 40% more productive than the average company. The majority of the Apple’s employees have been located at United States. The company offers more than the average pay to its employees. Other than the salary, Apple offers benefits to a retailer comprising health care, contributions and opportunities to buy more stock of the company. For instance, it took 2 years to develop debug and deploy iOS 10. In general, it is the accountability of the employees at Apple to protect and maintain the privacy of the information. If employees fail to safeguard customers and the third party information then it can damage relations with customers, dealers and others. It can also result in the legal liability. The employees are required to promote technical standards before being engaged in them. The employees should also receive approval of the management and legal for the development of an Apple product. The people at Apple focus on offering innovative and high quality products and services to integrate every business interaction. The employees have role in observing policies and procedures concerning business expenses and submit accurate expenses compensation requests (Amabile & Pratt, 2016).
The leadership of Steve Jobs has been empowering to Apple. He has stirred various new ideas which helped in sharing visions of the company. Steve Jobs has capability of recognizing the design and ability to understand the desire of the customers. He had proficiency of product genius convoyed by bravery of creating something innovative. Steve Jobs changed the technology from phones to computers to even smart watches. The basic principle used by Steve Jobs helped to target ease of the operators and customers. The company has always done a good job at arranging things simplistic and easy to understand (Álvarez, 2017). The innovations made by Steve Jobs kept increasing and doing things get better with each release. It is amazing to watch how Steve Jobs has helped technology come so far.
The innovation is hardly about Steve Jobs working alone. The employees contributed to the unique formula of the success. Steve Jobs guided Apple to grow and commercialize and changed the way many of live as well as the varied sets of industries comprising computing, printing, music, movies, and mobile telephony. The volatile approach of Jobs was both captivating and baffling. He has highly effective modus operandi when it comes to teamwork. He always challenged team in order to produce more efforts and reach beyond the possible. Steve used to move around a good idea and observe what people think and explore different aspects (Liu, Gong, Zhou & Huang, 2017).
Conclusion
After discussing the innovation management it can be concluded that it is crucial to emphasis on both market pull and technology push approach to make sure that the products established are innovative and meets the demands of the customers. Apple neither conducts market research nor focuses on its competitors. The company exclusively emphases on the technology push approach and completely trusts on its rigorousness. The innovation approach of the Apple “integrator” helped in designing, engineering and selling on its own instead of certifying its products to the network associates.
References
Álvarez, M. V. (2017). The Future of Video-Journalism: Mobiles. In Media and Metamedia Management (pp. 463-469). Springer, Cham.
Amabile, T. M., & Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 157-183.
Anderson, N., Poto?nik, K., & Zhou, J. (2014). Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework. Journal of management, 40(5), 1297-1333.
Daniel, C. O. (2018). E-Recruitment and its Effects on Organizational Creativity and Innovation in Nigerian Manufacturing Firms. Nile Journal of Business and Economics, 4(8), 3-12.
Fortwengel, J., Schüßler, E., & Sydow, J. (2017). Studying organizational creativity as process: Fluidity or duality?. Creativity and Innovation Management, 26(1), 5-16.
Ghosh, K. (2015). Developing organizational creativity and innovation: toward a model of self-leadership, employee creativity, creativity climate and workplace innovative orientation. Management Research Review, 38(11), 1126-1148.
Hon, A. H., & Lui, S. S. (2016). Employee creativity and innovation in organizations: Review, integration, and future directions for hospitality research. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(5), 862-885.
Liu, D., Gong, Y., Zhou, J., & Huang, J. C. (2017). Human resource systems, employee creativity, and firm innovation: The moderating role of firm ownership. Academy of Management Journal, 60(3), 1164-1188.
Perry-Smith, J. E., & Mannucci, P. V. (2017). From creativity to innovation: The social network drivers of the four phases of the idea journey. Academy of Management Review, 42(1), 53-79.
Sarooghi, H., Libaers, D., & Burkemper, A. (2015). Examining the relationship between creativity and innovation: A meta-analysis of organizational, cultural, and environmental factors. Journal of business venturing, 30(5), 714-731.
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