Discuss about the International Development for Construction and Industries.
Various international government and non-government organizations are associated with the making of plans so as to implement the development projects by having an aim of improving the conditions of living of the developing countries. This type of project differs from one another depending on the numerous reasons and approaches so as to implement them in different ways. The main objective of this kind of project is for the economic and social development which also involves the reduction of poverty along with usual profit motive which is often missing.
According to the paper by Ahlemann et al., (2009), only a limited insight has been provided regarding the certain amount of adaptation of the project appraisal and management by various organizations which has specially happened in case of those who are not associated with operating in the project based industries. It is seen that only special focus has been put upon the industries like the engineering, information technology, construction and industries associated with project manufacturing. This is considered to be the gap which is to be filled, so the researchers and the practitioners are trying hard to fill this gap. This try by them has initially lead to the providing of definitions for certain standards of project management that have been adopted for specific reasons. It is better to say that despite of the existence of universal nature of the different project management methodologies various kind of industries has been associated with exhibiting various kind of approaches for managing the project. Non-profits sectors is considered to be one of the less explored sector where it is found that only little research has been done on the process of how the NGO’s approach towards project management for this type of projects.
According to Vakil (1997) NGOs are considered to be the private non-profit organizations which are independent from government as well as from the government policies. NGO’s operate for the purpose of improving the conditions of living of the population who are poor. The NGO’s are having a major role in approaching the poorest population so as to provide the poor with a help which is much more effective which sometimes consists of the endorsement of the government as well. The major reason lying behind the increase in importance of the NGO can be classified into three factors which includes the following:
Along with this the NGO’s play a vital role of acting as the intermediaries between the government and the population which fosters the voluntary involvement of the project and the program.
According to Mosley (2001), when the specificities of this kind of project are provided there exists some specific tools which have been developed for the purpose of managing the project and also for the purpose of accessing the impacts that this projects are having upon the beneficiaries. Firstly, in the year of 1970 Baum was associated with the introduction of the concept of PCM or the Project Cycle Management which was incorporated with this kind of project. This concept of PCM is associated with dividing the project into various phases which connects the beginning and end of the project. So it is considered that the PCM includes the management of the projects in an end-to-end basis which is also associated with the adaptation of the various kind of tools as well as approaches which are needed for the purpose of conducting the various parts of a project. PCM is also considered to be a framework where different kind of tools have been developed amongst which the one of the most common is the logical framework. This type of logical framework is widely used which is also considered to be a stand-alone tool. This logical framework has the major objective of providing the concise picture of the project and which is to be shared with the stakeholders so as to have support for the designing, planning, managing and communicating in a project.
According to Landoni and Corti (2011), Project Cycle Management and Logical Framework have been adopted by few of the important government agencies who are involved with any kind international project development. Despite of this the major shortcomings of this report was that it deem the logical framework to have a terminology which is totally unclear along with unclear link that exists between different layers and lack of involvement of the stakeholders. All the limitations had initially resulted in the reformulation of several PCM and Logical Framework which initially leaves some indications regarding the further improvement which are needed.
According to Golini, Kalchschmidt and Landobi (2015), International Project Development is considered to be the pillars which aid the developing countries. However the emergency projects are considered the project which are associated with providing an immediate assistance to the people who are affected by the wars or natural disasters. This are the projects which generally takes place in more stable way by having a specific aim to improve the standards of living along with the education and health as well. For all this reason this kind of projects are considered to be less viable for the society however this project helps in yielding a more sustainable and human capital. Due to the existing financial and economic crisis it is seen that the political incentives by the governments has limited the development budget. Despite of the limitation in the development budget by the government there also exists certain flow of funding’s which generally originates from the other emerging countries which includes e BRICS, rich Arabian countries and many more.
According to Briere et al., (2015), in case of International Development there exists professionalization on the NGO’s for carrying out various projects. But despite of the professionalization only few studies have been made which are associated with addressing the competencies that the project managers of the NGO’s are having which is considered to be opposite to that of the body of studies that are needed in order to complete the private sector projects. This paper has been associated with recognising the capabilities that is possessed by the project managers of international development project along with identification of the ways by which this competencies are used for the project. For the purpose of doing this paper they have been associated with doing an survey amongst the project managers of international development project which helped them in showing the certain situation that the managers would be facing so as to deal with that situation along with identifying the specific situations which are meaningful for the project managers in building up their project management capabilities by considering the current situation. According to this paper the competencies of human also have an important role to play for the people who are associated with the management of the project by having a little amount of support along with little amount of resource and a double client system, in which the managers have to satisfy one of the client donor along with providing respect to the local people due to the reason that the needs of this people are not always compatible with the donors vision.
The paper “Success Criteria and Factors for International Development Projects: A Life-Cycle-Based Framework” by Khang and Moe (2008), has been associated with providing a new conceptual model which is to be used by the not-for-profit International Development project which in turn is associated with the identification of the various sets of criteria related to success and factors of a project life-cycle phase. Followed by this the paper has also provided a dynamic linkage amongst the various criteria and factors. This model has the capability of serving so as to evaluate the status of the project and also to predict the results consequently in all the stages. This model initially provides help to the team associated with project management and also the major stakeholders in order to prioritize the attention along with implementing the resources in order to make sure about the completion of the successful project. Besides this the validity of this model along with the illustration of the various important managerial implications has also been demonstrated by collecting the empirical data from the field survey which was conducted in the some of the selected Southeast Asian countries.
According to Baccarini, (1999), despite of the success of the project there exists a research topic in PM literature which is spread widely where the definition of it remains indescribable. Considering this concept there exists several issues which have been studied and has led to various kind of debates as well. Some of the authors like Baccarini, (1999) and Cooke-Davies, (2002) argued on the fact that for the purpose of achieving success in a project of this kind there is a need of dividing it into two separate concepts which includes the (1) success of project management, this is related to the traditional concepts of cost, quality and schedule and (2) success of the project, this is mainly concerned regarding the satisfaction of the stakeholders along with the achieving the strategic goals that an organization is having.
Along with the previous study some other authors like Lim and Mohamed, 1999, has been associated with claiming the fact that the success of a project is not a unitary concept which is simple but is dependent upon the stakeholders who are responsible for the assessment of the success of a particular project. With respect to this study Freeman and Beale, (1992), also provided an example regarding the various point of view of the stakeholders regarding the success of the project which states that “An architect may consider success in terms of aesthetic appearance, an engineer in terms of technical competence, an accountant in terms of dollar spent under budget..”. Considering the viewpoint it is essential to be cautious about the stakeholders whose perspective are to be taken into consideration so as to assess the project success.
References:
Ahlemann, F., Teuteberg, F., & Vogelsang, K. (2009). Project management standards–Diffusion and application in Germany and Switzerland. International Journal of Project Management, 27(3), 29
Baccarini, D. (1999). The logical framework method for defining project success. Project management journal, 30(4), 25-32.
Brière, S., Proulx, D., Flores, O. N., & Laporte, M. (2015). Competencies of project managers in international NGOs: Perceptions of practitioners. International Journal of Project Management, 33(1), 116-125.
Dichter, T. W. (2003). Despite good intentions: Why development assistance to the Third World has failed. Univ of Massachusetts Press.
Golini, R., Kalchschmidt, M., & Landoni, P. (2015). Adoption of project management practices: The impact on international development projects of non-governmental organizations. International Journal of Project Management, 33(3), 650-663.
Ika, L. A., & Hodgson, D. (2014). Learning from international development projects: blending critical project studies and critical development studies. International Journal of Project Management, 32(7), 1182-1196.
Khang, D. B., & Moe, T. L. (2008). Success criteria and factors for international development projects: A life-cycle-based framework. Project Management Journal, 39(1), 72-84.
Landoni, P., & Corti, B. (2011). The management of international development projects: moving toward a standard approach or differentiation?. Project Management Journal, 42(3), 45-61.
Lim, C. S., & Mohamed, M. Z. (1999). Criteria of project success: an exploratory re-examination. International journal of project management, 17(4), 243-248.
Mosley, P. (2001). A simple technology for poverty-oriented project assessment. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 19(1), 53-67.
Rahmani, R. (2012). Donors, beneficiaries, or NGOs: whose needs come first? A dilemma in Afghanistan. Development in Practice, 22(3), 295-304.
Vakil, A. C. (1997). Confronting the classification problem: Toward a taxonomy of NGOs. World development, 25(12), 2057-2070.
Essay Writing Service Features
Our Experience
No matter how complex your assignment is, we can find the right professional for your specific task. Contact Essay is an essay writing company that hires only the smartest minds to help you with your projects. Our expertise allows us to provide students with high-quality academic writing, editing & proofreading services.
Free Features
Free revision policy
$10Free bibliography & reference
$8Free title page
$8Free formatting
$8How Our Essay Writing Service Works
First, you will need to complete an order form. It's not difficult but, in case there is anything you find not to be clear, you may always call us so that we can guide you through it. On the order form, you will need to include some basic information concerning your order: subject, topic, number of pages, etc. We also encourage our clients to upload any relevant information or sources that will help.
Complete the order form
Once we have all the information and instructions that we need, we select the most suitable writer for your assignment. While everything seems to be clear, the writer, who has complete knowledge of the subject, may need clarification from you. It is at that point that you would receive a call or email from us.
Writer’s assignment
As soon as the writer has finished, it will be delivered both to the website and to your email address so that you will not miss it. If your deadline is close at hand, we will place a call to you to make sure that you receive the paper on time.
Completing the order and download