International Management: Analysis Of Six Countries’ Economic And Cultural Practices

Part 1 Table 1

	2016 Save Time On Research and Writing Hire a Pro to Write You a 100% Plagiarism-Free Paper. Get My Paper	2017
COUNTRIES	REAL GDP GROWTH	GDP PER CAPITA Save Time On Research and Writing Hire a Pro to Write You a 100% Plagiarism-Free Paper. Get My Paper	CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE	REAL GDP GROWTH	GDP PER CAPITA	CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE
AUSTRALIA	2.6	51,920.50	-38.8	2.2	50,333.70	-34.2
CHINA	6.7	8,115.80	202.2	6.9	8,643.10	164.9
INDIA	7.1	1,749.20	-15.3	6.7	1,982.70	-51.2
JAPAN	1	38,982.90	188.1	1.7	38,439.50	195.4
THE UNITED KINGDOM	1.8	40,529.60	-153.9	1.7	39,734.60	-106.7
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA	1.5	57,558.90	-451.7	2.3	59,501.10	-466.2

                                                                  (Source: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2018)

The GDP of United States of America is the highest as seen in the table both in 2016 and 2017. The Real GDP growth falls in 2017 for Australia, India and UK whereas for countries such as China and USA, the GDP growth rises. India’s GDP per capita is the lowest compared to other countries.

	COUNTRIES	AUSTRALIA	CHINA	INDIA	JAPAN	THE UNITED KINGDOM	THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
	EXPORT	3,01,998	1,00,184	15,748	44,981	6,114	12,269
	IMPORT	2,88,174	64,524	5,109	21,098	6,876	31,313
	TOTAL MERCHANDISE TRADE	5,90,172	1,64,708	20,856	66,079	12,990	43,582
	AUSTRALIA’S INVESTMENT	22,80,237	77,099	13,957	1,25,122	3,33,117	6,64,512
	TOTAL INVESTMENT IN AUSTRALIA	32,66,431	64,954	15,494	2,19,236	4,81,387	8,96,850
AUSTRALIAN EXPORTS (A$m)	COAL	57,129	11,792	9,181	16,499
IRONORE	63,092	51,660		5,588
BEEF				1,991		1,673
COPPERORE		1,970	688	1,260
WOOL		2,741
AIRCRAFT						911
PHARM PRODUCTS						673
LEAD					493
ALCHOLIC BEVARAGES					361
SILVER					297
VEGETABLES			1,377
GOLD	17,632		689		2801
NATURAL GAS	25,620
AUSTRALIAN IMPORTS (A$m)	TELECOM PARTS	12,783	7,468				1,012
COMPUTERS		5,463
PETROLEUM	19,166		1,554	2,810
FURNITURES		2,758
GOLD				2,271
VEHICLES	22,810		199	7,609	1,537	2,322
MEDICAMENTS			335		445	1,101
ALCHOHOIC BEVERAGES					261
	AIRCRAFTS						1,826

                                                                                                               (Source: Cia.gov,2018)

Australia mainly exports coal, iron ore, copper ore, gold, natural gas and alcoholic beverages to other countries like China, India, Japan, UK and USA. It mostly imports petroleum and vehicles from other vehicles. Other things which are mainly imported by Australia include telecom parts, aircrafts and medicaments.

Religion- Majority of the people of Australia follows Christianity. With  around 23 %Roman Catholic and the Protestants  (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2018). Along with this 30% of the people follows no religion.

Languages- The English speaking people accounts for 76.8% followed by people speaking in various languages such as Arabic, Italian, Mandarin, Greek and lots more.

Education- The secondary school enrolment rate in Australia is the third largest in the world. In order to help the children in remote areas, School of the Air is introduced where students in remote areas can attend school through computers.

Cultural Practices- Australia mainly follows the western culture. It is also a multicultural society and they are very down to earth people along with placing high value on the relationships.

Religion- It is a multi religious country. The four official religions of China are Buddhism, Christianity, Taoism and Islam. It is officially an atheist state.

Languages- The official language of China is the Standard Mandarin. Min, Wu, Yue and Hakka are the other languages spoken here.

Education- The literacy rate both for male and female is quite high which is around 98%. It also has a provision of government funded nine years of compulsory education. It has also become one of the top destination of the international students.

Cultural practices- An extremely large country ranking first in population. One of the important legendary cultures of China is the Chinese dragons which also acts as a symbol of power and strength.

Religion- 79.8% of the population are Hindus while 14.2% of the people are Muslims. Rest of the religion followed here are mostly Christianity and Sikhism.

Languages- Most of the people in India are generally Hindi speaking while English is used as a subsidiary official language and also used in political and for commercial communications.

Part 1 Table 2

Education- Both the public and the private sector is responsible for providing education in India. For the children between 6 and 14 free and compulsory education are provided to them. The literacy rate is around 71.2%

Cultural Practices- India has a diverse culture. It has 29 states with different cultures and traditions. The culture of India is a collection of thousands of unique cultures comprising of all religions.

Religion- 79.2% of the people follows Shintoism, 66.85% practices Buddhism and the rest 1% of the population follows Christianity (Ellwood & Pilgrim,2016).

Languages- Japanese is the most widely spoken languages in Japan. Along with it Ryukyuan languages are also spoken in this region and they also do not have any official language.

Education – Education is compulsory or everyone at the lower secondary levels. Japanese students consistently rank high in math and sciences compared to the other OECD students.

Cultural Practices- China has some influence o0n Japanese culture. They also celebrate Matsuri once in a year. Painting, calligraphy and sculpture are some examples of visual arts of Japan.

Religion- Christianity is followed by majority of the people followed by Muslims, Hindu and 25.7% of the people follows no religion.

Languages- English is the most widely spoken language in the United Kingdom. It is also the official language. Welsh, Scots and Cornish are some of the languages spoken all over the country.

Education- The literacy rate in the United Kingdom is quite low compared to other countries (Compare countries – Hofstede Insights, 2018). The Primary and Secondary education is completed by the students within sixteen years and then pursue General Certificate of Secondary Education

Cultural Practices- The cultures of United Kingdom is diverse. Cinema, architecture, British Literature and art are some of the important aspects of the British culture.

Religion- 46.5% of the people are Protestants, 20.8% are Roman Catholic and the rest are Jewish, Mormon and Muslims.

Languages- majority of the people speaks English with 13% Spanish speaking people. Vietnamese, French and Korean are some of the other languages spoken here (Campbell & Mithun, 2014).

Education- compulsory schooling is provided to students till the age of sixteen. Both private and public as well as the home schools provide education in America.

Cultural Practices- the people of The United States of America follows western culture. However, due to high rate of migration, it has a diverse population.

Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull is the head of the Government of Australia since 15 September, 2015. Once in every three years the Federal elections are held in Australia (Curtin, 2016). There is also a system of compulsory voting in Australia where citizens are needed to participate in voting when they are over eighteen years old and also it is required to register themselves on the Electoral Roll. The Federal elections is usually conducted by The Australian Electoral Commission. The Senate and The House Of Representatives are the two chambers of The National Parliament (Cia.gov, 2018). Australia is also known to be constitution al monarchy. Its political system also can be said to be democratic. Lastly it can be said that Australia is a constitutional monarchy, a Federation and a parliamentary democracy.

Cultural practices, religions, education, and languages of each country

President XI Jinping is the chief of state of China since 14^th of March, 2013. National People’s Congress are held responsible for electing both the president and the vice president for the term of around five years. The Chinese Community Party is the only one party which is present in China. All the citizens who have reached the age of eighteen years old have the right to vote (Breslin, 2016). The political structure of China is that it is ruled by the Communist Party. The highest body of state power in the People’s Republic of China is called the National People’s Congress.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is the Head of the Government since 26 May 2014. The Government type is federal parliamentary republic. The Constitution and the Representation of People’s Act provide the right to vote in India, which guarantees that citizens above 18 years of age have the full right of vote. The President and the vice president both are indirectly elected by the Houses of Parliament for a term of five years. The Lok Sabha members of the winning party are in charge of electing the Prime minister. The Preamble of the Constitution of India states India to be democratic republic.

The type of Government which is present in Japan is parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Prime Minister Shinzo ABE is the head of the Government of Japan. The voting age was reduced from twenty years to eighteen years in 2016. The general elections and the local elections are held every four years and the House of Councilors election is held once in a while in three years. The Japanese Communist has been one of the largest non governing communist parties in the world. The Legislative power includes the House of Councilors and the House of Representatives whereas the Judicial body is assigned to the Supreme court.

Queen ELIZABETH II is the chief of the state and the Prime Minister Theresa May is the head of the Government. It follows the hereditary monarchy. Citizens who have reached the age of eighteen are eligible to vote. The leader of the winning party usually becomes the Prime Minister of the country. The general elections are usually held at the interval of five years according to the Fixed Term Parliaments Act, 2011 (Oakland, 2015). The elections are generally held on the first Thursday on the month of May at the end of every five years. The United Kingdom is a representative democracy.

President Donald J. TRUMP is both the chief of head and head of government of the United States of America since 2017(Campbell & Mithun, 2014). The election is held once in  every four years. The lowest voting age is eighteen which is same like those of the other countries mentioned above. The President usually heads the executive branch and the Legislative power is divided between the Senate and the House of Representatives.

International management is defined as the management of business organizations where business is conducted in more than one country. The investment in the United States of America by the Australians is the highest. It has also been noted that the minimum age of voting remains same for all the six countries along with the frequency of election taking place which happens once in every four to five years (Douglas, 2014). Majority of the people in the above mentioned countries speaks English. In order to conclude it can be also stated that all the six countries mentioned have a diverse culture and follows many religions.

Reference:

Breslin, S. (2016). China and the global political economy. Springer.

Campbell, L., & Mithun, M. (Eds.). (2014). The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment. University of Texas Press.

Chen, H., Rauqeuqe, L., raj Singh, S., Wu, M. Y., & Yang, Y. (2014). Pacific Island Countries: In Search of a Trade Strategy (No. 14-158). International Monetary Fund.

CHENG, C. Y. (2013). Chinese religions. In Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Religion (pp. 61-77). Routledge.

Cia.gov. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_as.html

Compare countries – Hofstede Insights. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/product/compare-countries/

Culture in the European Union – European Union – European Commission. (2018). Retrieved from https://europa.eu/european-union/topics/culture_en

Curtin, J. (2016). Australia. European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook, 55(1), 14-21.

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2018). About Australia. Retrieved from https://dfat.gov.au/about-australia/Pages/about-australia.aspx

Douglas, J. A. (2014). The Right to Vote Under State Constitutions. Vand. L. Rev., 67, 89.

Ellwood, R., & Pilgrim, R. (2016). Japanese religion: A cultural perspective. Routledge.

Oakland, J. (2015). British civilization: an introduction. Routledge.