Invention Of The Micro Computer Computer Science Essay Free Essay Example

One Of The Earliest operating systems for personal computing machine WAS The Windows Produced by Microsoft. The First Of The operating system version WAS released on November 20th, 1985 ( Microsoft Windows History, 2008 ) , “ under the name of Windows 1.0. Originally, Microsoft wanted to name The Pioneer operating system “ Interface Manager ” Describing icts multi-tasking Abilities, Purpose Rowland Hanson, The caput of selling at Microsoft, wanted to travel with a Name That Would Be More Appealing to Consumers. THUS the “ Windows ” elevation Was Born.

Version 1.0 of Windows Was Not Actually a complete operating system, end Rather twelvemonth extension of MS-DOS ( Microsoft Disk Operating System ) That Gave Customers a graphical user interface to Simplify put to deathing applications and paperss. In the first version of Windows, all laden device drivers Cam With The operating system, applications and thesis “ could utilize merely pre-loaded drivers. Always looking forward WAS Microsoft Into the hereafter, and wanted to Develop Technology That Could Be Used For Subsequent runing systems every bit good.

As Such, Windows 1.0 Was The First Program to Develop and Utilization ‘virtual memory ‘ , a package based strategy That Would let for larger applications Than The current available RAM ( Random Access Memory ) . Many challenges Microsoft faced icts When let go ofing foremost wide-scale operating system. Apple, Microsoft ‘s challenger and Competing Company Claimed That There Were Striking SIMILARITIES To The Operating System That HAD Already Been released by Apple That Appeared in Microsoft ‘s operating system. Apple Agreed to a licensing understanding by Microsoft to Use Their characteristics in Windows 1.

0 and all future versions of Windows ( Apple v. Microsoft: Virtual Identity In The GUI Wars, 1999 ) . This operating system HAD Many Flaws, and ne’er truly Much Gained popularity with Business Consumers gold.

Was released Windows 2.0 Two Old ages Subsequently, on December 9th, 1987 ( Microsoft Windows History, 2008 ) . It Was Much More Popular Than The old version of That Much To The Fact That caused Microsoft teamed Up With AT & A ; T and packaged this System with AT & A ; T computing machines have test package for Many Educational Institutions. Version 2.0 Added Added Many graphical maps, Such As The Ability to overlap Windowss for Each Other, “ every bit good as the ‘Minimize ‘ and ‘Maximize ‘ maps. Icons Were First Introduced to the Windows desktop, every bit good as “ Several ‘outside applications, Such as Microsoft Word and Excel. The Conflict Between Microsoft and Apple Were far from over though, on March 17th, 1988, Apple follows Filed Against Microsoft and Hewlett Packard, impeaching ’em of copyright misdemeanors. Apple recyclAA© thats the expression and experience “ of the Macintosh operating system COPY WAS ‘ve Written A Whole, and Windows 2.0 Violated this right of first publication by looking Highly similar to it. Because The licensing understanding HAD Been Written by Bill Gates and Microsoft, Apple Did Not Realize oculist HAD Given Microsoft permission to utilize graphical characteristics Many of icts In Any Subsequent versions of Windows as good. On June 1st, 1993, after a short conflict Four Year, Won the Microsoft determination, and as a consequence, All Other copyright suits Were Dismissed. ( Apple v. Microsoft: Virtual Identity In The GUI Wars, 1999 )

The following version of Windows, version 3.0, it WAS released May 22nd, 1990 ( Microsoft Windows History, 2008 ) , and Was The First Widely popular version of Windows. This Was The last version to tout 100 % backward compatibility With older Windows applications. It Was Based On The New Intel 386 processor, Which Greatly Improved Speed and Reliability. This first version of Windows aussi Implemented The Use of third-party device drivers, Leting for more focal point is composing applications Rather Than device drivers. Graphical ascents included The icon based file director and plan director, doing entree to data Much Easier. The add-on of the Well Known aussi solitaire card game icts Made In The early version of Windows 3.0. Another large spring for Windows 3.x WAS That It Could Run in Three different memory manners ( Windows Products and Technologies History, 2006 ) . Real ‘s lone manner utilizations WAS for The Running of applications built for Windows 2.x Standard manner Was The MOST common running manner, as It Was With The MOST compatible 286 processor and 1 MB of memory That Were MOST computing machines in a planning. The last WAS 386 Enhanced Mode, Implemented WITH ALL The Benefits of standard manner, most 32-bit Addressing and paging for Fast Memory Access. In 386 Enhanced manner, The user could “ run SEVERAL MS-DOS Based Programs, In Their Own EACH window, at the Same Time. Third-party programming support pour La version 3.0 exploded, and companies under All Over the World Were Developing Programs compatible with Windows 3.0. In the first twelvemonth of release icts Version 3.0 million transcripts sold over Three. This version of Microsoft Windows Gave the Edge In The Computer Industry. On April 6th, 1992 ( Microsoft Windows History, 2008 ) , Windows 3.1 Was released, and it sold 3 million transcripts in The First Two Months Entirely. Windows 3.x Became The figure one operating system installed on Personal computer ‘s Windows 95 Until 1997 When Was released.

Windows NT ( New Technology ) 3.1 WAS Introduced on July 27th, 1993 ( Microsoft Windows History, 2008 ) . Chiefly this WAS are based applications for concern, and utilize it for waiters. The Main Purpose Of The newer version of WAS to unite Windows 3.1 and Windows NT. There Were A Few Improvements On this version, The Most Significant Being That Was The Windows NT 3.1 operating system foremost That Was fully-compatible 32-bit ( Windows Products and Technologies History, 2006 ) . It aussi Introduced The New NTFS ( New Technology File System ) That Allowed Greater usage of advanced informations constructions and Improved Performance, Reliability, and disk infinite use. In this new file system, all file informations are Stored as metadata ( Data Within information, at The End of the file ) . Allowed for this has more Detailed description of Every file Contained In The File Itself. Because Of The newer 32-bit engineering, coders found it trouble to Much More write device drivers for this operating system. It Was Besides Supported merely limited hardware, Which Meant thats the operating system on Much Needed high terminal computing machine to map to capacity icts Fullest. This defect Almost Made The operating system unserviceable to private Consumers, Business Leaving a limited patronage. Microsoft Introduced their “ Internet Explorer ” in this version of Windows, and it has been “ Deriving popularity of all time since. It Was Not Until Windows 95 Was released private That Consumers Would Be Introduced to the “ Windows manner ” oculist Are All Familiar With today.

Windows 95 Was released on August 24th, 1995 ( Microsoft Windows History, 2008 ) . At 30 proceedingss promotional picture released WAS Prior To The operating system Hiting the shelves titled “ cyber situation comedy ” , Which featured Jennifer Aniston and Matthew Perry. On the twenty-four hours of oncoming icts, in New York City, The Empire State Building to fit bed WAS The Colors of the Windows logo. The purchasing febrility WAS SO Great for the release of this version of Windows That Consumers Who Did Not Even have a computing machine purchasing Were The Software. Over 1 million transcripts sold Were Within The first 4 yearss of release. Within a twelvemonth and a half after release icts, it Became The Most Successful Ever Produced runing system ( Unusual History of Microsoft Windows, 2008 ) . The Biggest and betterment MOST Noticed Was The new graphical user interface That included the “ Start ” button and taskbar That Is Still prevailing today. This newer version of Windows Provided Full preemptive multitasking, “ every bit good as support for 255 character file names. Windows 95 Was The First Consolidated runing system, Meaning That It Did Not necessitate a version of MS-DOS to Be installed beforehand. Additionally, this operating system Took control of DOS, Almost Wholly concealing it from The End Users. In kernel, The lone usage for MS-DOS WAS have a boot stevedore for the Windows 95 operating system. Once booted, users WORKED Wholly In The graphical user interface Provided. With The spot releases of Windows 95, Microsoft Introduced MSN ( the Microsoft Network ) to Consumers hold a dial-up Internet connexion.

The system demands for Windows 95 Intel 80386 processor Were twelvemonth of Any Speed, 4 Ms of system RAM and 50 Ms of system difficult thrust infinite. Was released in this version The Forms of CD-ROM formatted floppy discs or 13, Because That Has point in clip, non Every computing machine WAS Equipped With A CD-ROM thrust.

The following major release from Microsoft Cam is June 25th, 1998 ( Microsoft Windows History, 2008 ) With The launch of Windows 98. This operating system has required 486 or higher processor ( a Pentium processor recommended WAS ) , 16 Ms of RAM, and at least 500 Ms of free difficult thrust infinite. The Most Significant alterations in this version of Windowss Was The new criterion for device drivers, WDM ( Windows Driver Model ) . Although Windows 98 Was released With this new driver criterion, Microsoft Did Not Print The Fact That a new driver WAS are traveling to Be Implemented. Because of this mistake, most is hardware Producers to Develop Drivers for Continued The old criterion, VxD ( Virtual Driver x ) . This misconception That Spread the Windows 98 merely Would Operate On The VxD drivers, and hardware MOST Producers conformity Did Not To The newer standard WDM Until Windows 2000, When The VxD drivers Were No Longer Supported. “ During the imperativeness launch at Comdex in April 1998, Bill Gates and Program Manager Chris Capossela Were Foregrounding the System easiness of usage and enhanced support stopper and drama. When a scanner WAS plugged in, Windows Attempted to put in it, Causing The System to crash and expose the “ Blue Screen of Death ” , an mistake screen Windows That WAS ill-famed for ensuing and in informations loss and system failure.

Added MSConfig The Microsoft ( Microsoft System Configuration Utility ) application to Windows 98, Leting the users modify Which Programs tally at startup, edits certain constellation files, and Simplified The Controls over Windows services. It has a graphical interface Simplified That To The Exchange and Other register files thats the system uses to boot up The Program. This Replaced The Older, text merely format of Sysedit. Besides, the USB support IS far superior to Windows 95. Controversially, Microsoft integrated STI version of Internet Explorer windows Directly Into, Which spurred Another short conflict Microsoft in Which Was The suspect. In United States v. Microsoft, The Question Asked if Microsoft WAS WAS Mistreating icts hold On The operating system market to below the belt vie Against companies like Netscape and Opera. A Judge Ruled Against Microsoft, Stating That The Company Must Be Broken Into Two Partss: The One That Produced operating system and Another That Produced Other package constituents ( U.S. v. Microsoft: Court ‘s Findingss of Fact, 1999 ) . Quickly determination being Microsoft, & A ; the Ruling Overturned WAS Finally. Alternatively, Microsoft Was Not Forced to maintain icts package packaged individually from ITS runing system, Rather, It Was to portion its applications programming interfaces ( APIs ) With Third-Party Companies and auxiliary A Three individual panel To Have full entree to Microsoft ‘s systems, records, and beginning codification for a Period of Five Old ages. That short opinion expired in late 2007.

Windows ME ( Millennium Edition ) Was Introduced on September 14, 2000 ( Microsoft Windows History, 2008 ) . This version of Windows WAS Marketed as a “ Home Edition ” when the Windows 2000 Compared To That Was released seven months for a more concern Earlier usage. A major betterment in this edition Is That The Automatic Update characteristic WAS Added. When activated, this package Automatically downloads and installs updates and holes Needed To The operating system. Me Was The first edition of the Windows systems to Completely take entree to real-mode MS-DOS to Better boot clip and public presentation. Older DOS-based Programs and Utilities Would No Longer Work on Windows ME and ulterior editions. Compared to all old versions of Windows, The ME edition Had the shortest shelf life, Being Replaced by Windows XP merely over a twelvemonth after the original release icts.

Windows XP, “ The Windows Experience ” Marketed as It Was, Was Made available on October 25th, 2001 ( Microsoft Windows History, 2008 ) . This version of Windows WAS Aimed to unify The Business and place merchandise lines. As Such, It Is The First Windows operating system for place usage based Intended Wholly On The NT meat. Previously, Microsoft HAD meat to this limited usage of icts The business-oriented systems. Brought Much unfavorable judgment about this, due Chiefly To The Lack of security With The newer meats. Quickly Two Major Microsoft released service battalions to turn to contention issues and Promote Widespread usage of XP and Office Between place usage. Much unfavorable judgment produire aussi, cette version of Windows Product Activation feature The Introduced to battle buccaneering. The graphical user interface changed Dramatically With The release of XP, and users Gave twelvemonth array of artworks options to take from, gold Allowed Them to Make Their Own design. Another “ important characteristic adds XP That Is The Ability to fling a newer device driver for older version a twelvemonth ( this Would Be Useful If The new device driver Produced unwanted consequences, or if corrupt Became The Driver ) . Additionally, XP Was The “ current version ” Longer Than Any old version of Windows, from 2001 Until Late 2007 When Was released Windows Vista ( Windows Products and Technologies History, 2006 ) .

Windows Vista, The Most current version of Windows To The Public Was released on January 30th, 2007. The primary aim of Stated Windows Vista WAS and Improvement to Address The State of Security in Windows runing systems. Besides Added WAS restricted user manner Called User Account Control, Which Replaced the “ decision maker by default ” that Windows XP Utilized. Microsoft changed once more The graphical user interface icts With Vista release, Adding a ocular manner Called “ Windows Aero ” . Other minor add-ons to this newest edition are the Windows DVD Maker, Windows Calendar, & A ; the add-on of games Such as cheat, Mah-Jongg, and Purble castle That Are Into the imbedded package. Some Of The Most Significant Additions To The Vista release Were the version of address acknowledgment and Better Overall computing machine public presentation. This package WAS foremost Introduced in Windows Server 2003, aims Was Merely Compatible with Office and WordPad, The newer version is Compatible with all Windows applications and Almost Any Third Party Software That lifeguard “ speech acknowledgment. Besides, Microsoft Aimed at enhanced computing machine public presentation, Which led to new engineering Such as SuperFetch, Windows lifeguard “ Which in machine larning techniques to analyse use forms to let Vista to do intelligent determinations you happy What Should Be present in system memory at Any Given Time. While It Is Still really new, There Will Be Bugs accordingly Need To Be That WORKED out. Microsoft has Addressed Such issues, Stating That hast Such bugs are patched and Reported ; users Will Automatically Receive the updates from The Automatic Update characteristic.