Write a report on IOT health care.
The Internet of things is rapidly taking over domestic and international health care industry. Healthcare is one of the necessary parts of life. However, steadily aging populations as well as associated rise in chronic illness is placing an important strain on modern healthcare systems (Laplante & Laplante, 2016). On the other hand, the demand for resources is minimizing the pressure on healthcare. The process of monitoring patients with particular purposes like aiding rehabilitation by making a continuous monitoring of progress of patients. In addition, emergency healthcare systems have been detected as a possibility through associated works.
Various associated works have been surveyed particular areas as well as technologies to IoT healthcare. The study makes a unique contribution in the process that addresses the key elements of an end-to-end IoT healthcare systems. It is important to concentrate on the sensors in order to monitor several health parameters short as well as long-range communication standard along with cloud technologies. Various leading works regarding development of healthcare systems are described. Hence, development of the recurring themes for the works a generic as well as standardized model will be suitable for future works. There are several definitions regarding internet of things exist.
Research in associate fields of work has shown that remote health monitoring is considered as plausible. However, it is significant that the advantages it could provide in distinctive context. Remote health monitoring process can be utilized in order to monitor the process. The issues can be solvable and addressed in literature. However, the progress continues to be developed and continues for minimizing the disadvantages. It results benefited of remote health monitoring service. Several researchers have detected possibility of internet of things as a solution in healthcare service. However, rehabilitation after injury is a topic of specific interest in the system.
The system decides the person for notifying as well as patients themselves. The caregivers as well as family members along with healthcare providers like doctors are included in it. On the other hand, the system aimed at detecting heart attacks that is built utilizing ready-made elements as well as custom-antenna. ECG sensors are utilized for measuring heart activity, processed through micro-controller. Thus, the information can be forwarded through Bluetooth and smart-phone of the users.
SPHERE is considered as a system, which is under continuing the development that uses wearable, vision-based as well as environmental sensors for general activity along with health monitoring purposes. Researchers who are working on the project addressed that the machine learning would have advantages to learn regarding conditions as well as making decisions related healthcare of patients.
The existing systems would give highlight that communications are necessary. In various existing system models as well as short term of communications like blue-tooth can be suggested in order to translate sensor data to the smartphones that can be processed properly (Islam et al., 2015). On the other hand, long range of communication like LTE is used in order to transfer cloud storage database. Use of the sensors is connected to the process that makes high-computing environment for cloud. Based on the recurring trends, it can be proposed in the development of internet of things. Wearable sensors nodes are the things that can measure physiological conditions. On the other hand, the recommend sensors are helpful for measuring the important signs such as pulse, body-temperature and respiratory rate.
The healthcare industry is considered to be within the position of excessive despair. The healthcare services has been more expensive over the recent years. Moreover, the rise of chronic dieses around the globe. The purpose of the IoT has been an approach for reducing the cost of the treatments though it cannot eliminate the fatal dieses at once. The IoT is able to track patient health from remote locations like home or work place, thus reducing the cost of the treatment by eliminating the hospital bills. The utilization of IoT within the domain of healthcare has greatly increased around numerous IoT use cases. The complete application of internet of things is considered to be a mutual profit for hospitals and patients. The healthcare centers can work more complementally with the help of IoT technology and the patients can also get better treatment.
Continuous reporting and monitoring: Real-time tracking through the connected equipment can save more lives of the patient during emergency situations such as heart attacks, asthma, diabetes and many more. The real time patient health tracking is done using the sensors embedded within the IoT device. The devices are connected to the smartphone of the users. This smartphone stores the data into the local hardware and sends the data to the main server. This way the IoT devices are always connected to the hospital Information System. These devices collected various essential data from the human body. The user can access the specific application, designed for the IoT itself, installed within the mobile phone to track records. The latest smartphones are very powerful and have tremendous storage capacity, the IoT applications can be more flexible and realistic. The physicians can have a separate application installed within their mobile device which can fetch patient health related data from the hospital server.
The health related data transmitted to main server are such as blood pressure, blood sugar level, ECGs, oxygen, weight and many more. The main server used in the hospital is installed within a cloud architecture. The cloud with IoT has been a great approach for healthcare industry. The cloud allows remote data storage and access which is the many key part of health data tracking.
Affordability and End-to-end Connectivity: Healthcare Mobility Solution has been a great way of automating the work flow of patient treatment within the paradigm of IoT. The IoT is continuously enhancing, introducing new ways of providing better treatment to patients, hand-in-hand with the next generation patient healthcare services (Islam et al., 2015). The Internet of Things is mostly known for its device to device communication, data transmission, interoperability, information exchange and many more factors that has positive part to make the patient treatment more effective.
The connectivity standards like ZigBee, Bluetooth LE, Z-wave, Wi-Fi and many more recent released standards are changing the way of communicating IoT device with patient device or directly to patient healthcare management system. The process of spotting illness has been more efficient and accurate due to use of better communication standards. The patient receive better solutions for ailments. The cost of the treatment has been reduced due to the use of technology. The best thing about the IoT approach is that costly equipment and services like servers, communication mediums can be used by all the patients at the same time, which reduces the overall cost of operating an IoT, enabled treatment process. The hospital equipment and doctors are free to handle the critical cases only that recue the service cost also.
Data Collection and Investigation: The access to cloud has a great part in the extensive data collection process within IoT based healthcare paradigm. Because of the use of real-time data processing, the IoT all the devices connected to the main server, sends huge amount of data to the cloud for storage. The cloud architecture used within the patient healthcare management system decides how much data can actually be stored at a time (Fernandez & Pallis, 2014). The rest of the data either gets dumped or stored in the local device for later storage processing. Instead of focusing on the conventional data storing process, the IoT based systems uses the cloud to rectify and examine the data that results in reports and graphs. The visualization of data provides better understanding of patient health and also reduces the need to store all the raw data, collected from the device. In addition to that, the healthcare processes permits the hospitals for obtaining essential healthcare analytics. Moreover, it also provides the healthcare organizations the data-driven insights of patient’s health. These formatted, restructured and accurately visualization of data allows the hospitals to make better and accurate decisions regarding patient treatment.
Alerts and Tracking: On-time alert is considered to be an essential factor in saving lives of the people in critical conditions. The IoT devices collects and shares the data among the doctors and hospital in real-time. This makes the tracking process more efficient. In the other hand, the response from the doctor’s end can be send to the patient in real-time. The patient receives various alerts regarding degradation of their health which is calculated within the cloud server.
The above sections concludes that IoT devices allows hand-on treatment through enabling tracking, monitoring and alerting in real-time. The accuracy of the patent treatment gets better based on the data tracking quality. The patient care delivery outcome from the end of the doctors increases.
Remote Medical Support: The biggest issue during the emergency has been the distance between the patient and the hospital (Chen, 2017). Patients has been able to contact the hospitals and share the latest health conditions with the doctor or hospital from any location as long as there is internet connection. The doctors can check the patient raw data and the reports made within the cloud to get proper idea of the patient health. Based on the understanding of the situation, the doctor provide suggestions. The hospital system can also suggest the patient to take drugs to reduce the pain of bring the situation under control until ambulance arrives.
The health information systems uses the EHR or electronic health record. This technology is used for storing the patient data within the hospital. The doctors and other users working under that specific hospital can only use these data. The IoT collects the data and transmits these data to EHR system. The EHR system rectifies those data and store the required information only. This way the report and graph storing within cloud data storage and raw data storing can be achieved simultaneously.
IOT in healthcare provides many benefits in the sectors, ranging from being able to monitor patients more closely to utilizing generated data for analytics. The data flow also generates many casualties and risks in the health sectors. According to mike nelson, vice president of the healthcare solution at Digicert, this new risks and vulnerabilities are vital and hard to avoid in some case (Xu et al., 2014). This issues consist of possible harm to the patient’s health and safety, loss of PHI and unauthorized access to system and devices. IOT changes the typical methods which are followed by the healthcare industry to diagnosis, monitors, and treat patients. Although the global value of IOT is estimated to reach $ trillion by the year 2020. The main challenges occurs for the collection of vast amount of data. Large amount of data is collected by many connected devices which could be pose quite a bit of challenge. Though in recent years, the development of IOT in the healthcare industry can be defined as huge success (Lee & Lee, 2015). The curiosity over wearable sensors and other health related devices which are available commercially and peoples are also adopting this technology to maintain good health. Experts also considering many other opportunities in remote health monitoring system for management, recording and gain clinical access to patient’s physiological information. Now, it is not hard to imagine the days where people does not have to consider daily check-up by attending to their personal physician or other health sectors. The check-ups can be done by the data provided by the inexpensive wearable devices. The wearable devices can record and monitor user daily activity in terms of calorie gain or loss and many more. This sensors will continuously record this data and transfer this to the health care sectors.
The healthcare sector remains among the one of the fastest adopting industry of internet of things. The cause for this trend is integration of IoT features into medicinal devices that can enhance quality as well as effectiveness of service. It brings high value for patients with chronic conditions and requires continuous supervision. As per some estimation, spending on healthcare IoT based applications will reach to $ 1 trillion by 2025.
For an example, Kaa is one of the leading open source IoT platforms. It allows OEMs as well as healthcare system integrators in order to develop cross-device connectivity as well as deploy smart features into medical devices as well as associated soft ware systems. Health care related organizations are developing hardware and software products. It has selected integrating e functionality of Kaa into products that are able achieving IoT goals in faster and less expense. The organizations have benefits for implementing IoT applications. Hence, complete addressing the mission critical nature, the use of internet of things in healthcare along with the requirement of organizations for complete control over lifecycle of the product.
Physiological data which are acquired by the wearable devices consist of many critical circuits and energy preservation system. This wearable devices poses some difficulties which could be turn into vital problems. The devices must be small, light-weight and should not be create obstruction the patient’s activity and movements. They also needs power preservation system to operate which must be fixed in the small devices. Additionally, the battery needs to be rechargeable or replicable. It is highly desirable that the battery must work without any replacement for a extend period of time. There are certain challenges occurs regarding low energy operation requirement in terms of the noise ratio and achievable signal (Islam et al., 2015). The recent flexible are showing promising results as they are wisely connected to the skin as it helps to gain information from the body effectively. Although the personal identifiable data can be removed before transmitting the data to any secure source, the system also pose many challenges. It can infect with any aggregate disclosures attacks to extract any personal information about the user. This data can be compromised through network analysis from concentrator to mobile back from concentrator to mobile back haul. However, the data can be protected thorough proper encryption.
Privacy is one of the main concern of the user when using any device. Most of the healthcare facilities stores this individual data in cloud. According to the terms defined by accountability act and the health insurance portability, the confidential data such as medical report of individuals has to be protect from expose (Fernandez & Pallis, 2014). If this information are compromised the individuals can face many threat. Though there are many secure cloud storage framework to ensure secure data storage, the protected medical information processing on the cloud relics an issue.
The variety of many devices in the same system is another obstacle for the effective execution of IOT in healthcare. The challenge occurs in ensuring the effective communication among this devices (Da Xu et al., 2014). The problem caused as many manufactures do not have any particular set of framework to communicate with numerous devices. Usually they does not follow any predefined protocols and standards. Variety of mobile devices across the world generating conflicts while collecting continuous data form the individuals. Different protocols and standards adopted among several manufacturers pose complication in the development of accumulating the data. The lack of uniformity among the associated medical procedures also considerably decreases the opportunities of scaling the utilization of IoT in healthcare.
Even though the development of aggregating and collecting information generates many complication, healthcare IOT is accountable for gathering enormous quantities of valuable information. This information can be utilized to gain many benefits (Chen, 2017). This data consist of individuals health record can be useful for the mutual knowledge and insights imitative from it. However, deriving the insights from the enormous amount of data is very critical and challenging without sophisticated analytics programs and data experts. The identifications of the desired and actionable insights is also crucial. This identification process is also generating many challenges as the amount of data grows. This vast amount of data is impeding decision-making and reducing the eminence of the decision-making. The anxieties associate with the overgrow amount of data are increasing withy the amount of associated devices that incessantly assemble and produce big data.
In order to gain the most advantage from the IOT applications, there are certain aspects to focus. The associated devices and supporting processes have to function as a joint system to ensure security (Bhatt, Dey & Ashour, 2017). If one of the parts does not work properly. The whole system will fall and in worst case, personal data can be compromised. Though, the adoption of IOT in healthcare is overgrowing, very view stand up to discuss the present encounters which are frequently ignored while describing welfares of digital health application. There are certain aspects to consider in order to avoid this challenges:
The technology of IOT is to gather information, stores them and shares the information in real time over the cloud, it is one of the most promising technology of the future. This helps in the processing of the data’s in a more accurate way, thus making some of the most valuable challenges in the future of the medicine and health care (Barnaghi et al., 2012). The ongoing global market of the IOT or the internet of things has grown to the most valuable market among the world. Recent studies have revealed that the value of the market have increased from $41 billion to more than a $160 billion figures in the recent years. This number reveals that how much technology is getting adapted with the health care facilities of the world. The use of the IOT has taken over in every unit of healthcare market and the value of the things is increasing with days. It can be said that in the recent future the entire healthcare units can be run with the help of the IOT. The main units that can have a well impact by the internet of things are production of the machines clinical care, remote controlling, medicines, Quality of the goods, Transit management , Drug development, better outcome in surgeries.
One of the other major question that comes up in the minds of the many of the critics that why the use of the IOT is useful in the field of the healthcare and medicines. IT can be said there that are various needs and reasons that the IOT must be used in the field of the healthcare and the. Some of the specific reasons are:
The IOT or the internet of things has various different applications in the healthcare, the range is starting from the monitoring remote to the sensors that are smart and the integration of the medical device. This has the ability to provide the patients to stay healthy and safe, but it also has the potential to improve the delivery care of the physicians as well. The IOT in the health care improves the engagement of the patients and provide the satisfaction for the patients. So that the patients will more engage with the doctors and will get the improved health care for them. There are various kind of obstacles that are related with the IoT in the health care system. There is a lot of things that are impossible or tough for the management of the hospital to manage. The amount of the data that are collected from the numerous amounts of patients and from the doctors are huge and controlling of the data is very hard for the IT of the hospital to manage properly. The security of the data is another challenge that is faced by the management of the hospitals as the size of the data is huge. In the report we will further look at some applications of the IoT in the healthcare.
The IoT health care has several benefits of the IoT is there and there are several disadvantages of the IoT in the health care is present. Though the IOT in the health care is not that much wide spread but in the upcoming years this will grow more and more. The IoT take care of the safety and the health of the patients. For an instance, the hospitals are now a day using the sensors for the purpose of the security (Chen, 2017). The babies who are newly born are provided with a wrist band that consists of such sensors that can track the location and it is wireless. If any of the new-born will take to the exit door then the all elevators will stop automatically and the doors will be locked, and immediately a notification will be sent to the management of the hospitals. The benefits that are gained from the internet of things in the health care are not limited to the application related to the medical applications. Many of the technology are implemented on the hospitals in the recent years. While the internet of things in the health cares system provides many advantages there are several challenges too that are to be faced by the IoT health care. Day by day the technologies in the industry are increasing among modified. This technology is also implemented to the hospitals and the other health care systems. Hence, the management of the hospitals and the other health care systems people have to be updated with the time and they have to know that how to handle the technologies. For using these technologies, the people have to be efficient enough and have the capacity to learn quickly. If the medical devices are operated efficiently and effectively then it will be beneficial for the patients and for the completely health care system. Another challenge that is raised with the internet of things in the health care system is associated with the cyber security (Bhatt et al., 2017). The amount of the data is very high in the system of the health care and for that a proper security measure is need to be taken care of. There are many cyber-attacks that are happening in the current time which breaches the data of the health care system. To prevent this kind of cyber-attacks the hospitals have to install a good and updated antivirus and firewalls that will prevent the cyber-attacks.
OpenAPS is one of the closed-loop insulin deliveries. It is a fascinating area in IoT medicine in the open source initiative. OpenAPS stands for open pancreas system. Use of the data feed from CGM as well as Raspberry Pi computers, own software completes loop as constant alter of the amount of insulin.
On the other hand, activity tracker is used while doing treatment of cancer patient. The trackers help in logging activity level as well as fatigue level that appetites being logged in direct way. Thus, the use of a variety data collected is considered as obvious method that makes diagnosis as well as treatment (Bhatt et al., 2017). Collected inhaler is the immediate utilization of the processes. For an instance, Novartis is an undertaking connected inhaler research with both propeller health and qualcomm in health developing inhalers for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.
In addition, ingestible sensors are a proteus digital health as well as ingestible sensors. On the other hand, in the particular case, the pill dissolves in stomach as well as generates a small signal picked up by sensors. Connected contact lenses are the applications of IoT. Depression-fighting Apple watch app is an example of internet of things. Takeda is one of the testing uses of IoT. The app was developed and designed in order to monitor and evaluate cognitive function with trial set in order to analyze the process of comparing with traditional testing as well as self-evaluation during reporting mood as well as cognition. Coagulation testing is first devices for anticoagulated patients.
With the help of this, it can be resumed that internet of things has taken reins as well as people enjoying personalized attention for health needs. Real time location service is helpful in this case. It is important to use real time process as well as track the devices utilized for treating patients (Bhatt et al., 2017). The medical staffs may keep the particular devices out of the areas that makes difficult for finding medical staffs on scene. The technology sets the platform for healthcare industry within the next years. The healthcare IoT has become a popular market with several potential obtaining competitive advantages.
Conclusion
The data consists of health information of the patients and the information is very confidential so any kind of data breach will affect the personal life of the patients. In the future, the health care system will see many more technologies and the devices introduced for the diagnosis of the human body and for the treatment of the patients. The medical devices that are embedded to the IoT make the communication directly with the implants that are possible. Several applications of the IoT health care are very surprising. The doctors are able to see the location of the patients by the sensors by wireless technologies. The industry of the health care need to take care of the budget and at the same time the infrastructure had to update. For these we have to thanks the connection between the devices that is possible for the internet of things in the health care. The main objective is to improve the quality of the medical care for the patients and it has to done by spending as much less money as possible. By spending small amount and have, the high infrastructure is the goal of the management of the hospitals. The patients experience is enhanced by the implementation of the IoT healthcare. The IoT health care improves the management of the disease with the help of the health care provider’s real time data that is able to monitor the patients continuously. Any disease can be spot before the disease is spread and become more serious for the patients. The IoT allows the accurate collection of the data, it is automated for the flow of the work and the waste is minimized
References
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