The demand of the infrastructure has been on the increase. This increase in the demand can be attributed to the ever-increasing population. Most of the individuals have opted for modern structures whose characteristics are different as compared to the ancient and outdated buildings. The construction of the modern houses normally makes reference to the management of time, quality of the building services and the period for the construction(Shaikh et al 2014). The success of the current projects on the building has been as a result of the current techniques and technologies.
The design has been incorporating the parameters like time, quality and cost. The rate of the land use and the investment has gone high with the time. This is because most of the private developers have been acquiring land to facilitate construction of the projects. This particular project seeks to highlight some of the modern techniques that have been utilized in the construction of the high-rise building(Johansson 2012). The project has set specific objectives that are considered relevant to assist in the study. The objectives include reducing the construction time of the high rise building, to reduce the general cost of the construction of the building and finally the improvement of the quality of the services within the building.
The construction of the high-rise has been given much of the attention as compared to the other construction sectors. This has been because of its unique requirements that must match the standards. Some of the key characteristics are; such projects are labor intensive, involvements of the turnovers and also relatively large investments. The techniques that are exploited in the modern constructions serve to provide shortcuts that do not necessarily compromise the quality of the structure alongside other engineering requirements.
Most of the construction companies have considered the project of construction of the high-rise building as a wealth-generating mechanism. These kinds of buildings are preferred since they can cause large estates from small pieces of the land. In order to make the construction of the high rise building successful, there has to be an integration of several mechanisms and techniques. Adoption of the latest methods and trends allows for the construction exercise to be faster and also more efficient. The developers must always remain committed to an understanding of the latest modern technologies so as to make their projects competitive. Information in regard to the latest construction equipment thus becomes very crucial for the whole company
The concept of the prefabrication construction has been fronted by a number of the scholars. It is commonly known as the concept of the precast. This particular concept has been used in the construction of the high rise buildings. It is normally considered as the primary techniques in the starting of the construction of the high rise building. The techniques involve the use of the components for the construction. These components have been standardized and their production is done in the plant that is located a few meters from the building(Whitworth, and Ahmad, 2014).
These components are transported from the production site to various places of construction. The assemblies of such components are done using industrial methods that allow for the massive production. Such assemblies allow for the huge and very expensive buildings to be constructed at cheaper cost and also within a short time. The studies that have been directed on this particular area of the built environment indicate the uniqueness of the entire process. The major identified characteristics or the key properties of the precast concrete construction will include the distribution and specialization of the workers.
Some of the equipment’s that are used in the construction sites are automated in their operation. These automated tools have all their parts interchangeable. In order to ensure that there is proper coordination between the design phase and the entire conventional constructional process of construction, planning is very important. In order to ensure that the speed of the construction is achieved, there is a need for reconstruction of the whole process. This particular model has been adopted by very many states that have been offering affordable housing facilities(Meggers et al 2012).
The technology of the precast building has enabled the construction of low-in income structures or building to take care of the big populations in the urban places including cities and towns. As compared to the multifamily residential places or construction, the precast building systems are very strong and resistant to the external forces like earthquakes. The different technologies and the techniques in the design of the high rise building includes among others the process of the prefabricated construction.
This particular process normally ensures that the quality of the structure being erected is maintained at the required level and standard. It is the maintenance of such levels that normally make the technique and the method of the construction very successful. The quality of the architecture that is used in the process of the construction will be purely dependent on the type of the technology utilized in the process. Some of the currently known technologies used in the construction of the high –rise building were effectively covered by the research project.
The study has properly utilized the qualitative methods of the research analysis. This was found to be very useful in the analysis of various kinds of the technologies. These technologies were found to be very relevant in the implementation of the project objectives. The analysis of various kinds of the technologies has been done especially in the literature review(Si,Marjanovic, Nasir, and Bell 2016).
The analysis has been guided by the objectives of the projects that include quality and the cost of the construction. The strength of the opinions has been comprehensively argued using the theories of the qualitative methodology. This has assisted in the making of the decisions regarded as efficient as before. The construction of the high rise buildings has been much better in the recent years with such considerations taking the center stage(Goldstein 2012).
Different points of views have been provided by the use of the qualitative methodology. Such methodology helps in the digging of the insights to the problems through utilization of the different technologies. The effectiveness of the modern technologies in the establishment of quality residential places was evaluated as well. The opinions and the ideas of different authors in regard to the subject matter have been used to uncover the trends that are considered beneficial for the construction of the high rise building. Some of the selected techniques and technologies that the project highlighted included the following:
Kone Ultra Rope
The conducted studies have indicated that the Kone Ultra Rope is just but a carbon fiber hoisting technology that has the benefits related to the weight and the bending. In this particular technology, the distance is double so that the elevator is capable of covering a distance of over 1 kilometer in a single shaft. The rope has got specific characteristics that make it relevant for such engineering duties. Some of the obvious properties include the following: It contains fiber with epoxy based high friction coating. The rope is very light and this is very useful since it will consume very little energy in the entire process of hoisting(Eastman 2018).
Through this technology, it has been possible to reduce the machine room size significantly. This technology has got its own way or the mechanisms of the operation. The reduction in the weight of the rope that is used for the processes of the hoisting basically implies that the moving masses of the elevator have been reduced. It is important to note that as the elevator rises, it will always carry with it the masses that are attached to it. Some of the masses include the compensating ropes, the car of the elevator, the hoisting ropes and finally the passenger load.
In this particular type of the Kone technology, the elevator has been confined to a single shaft which is at the height of almost 500 meters. The studies have indicated that at this particular point, the masses and the densities of the steel ropes normally make the height very impractical. When this particular technology is used, it is possible for the elevators to move up to 1000mteres without the need for the transfer of the lobbies(Collins and Woerman 2015).
The research indicated that there exists a huge importance of having such elevators in the tall buildings. Such importance cannot be neglected completely. While using the technology of Kone Ultra Rope, it is possible for a single elevator to operate the load at a particular height while using the steel ropes. There is the provision of the energy efficiencies in this particular technology. The materials selections have been properly done and this also ensures that the engineering properties of the materials are never compromised both in the terms of time and quality.
Raster Facade Precast Concrete system
This particular structure is commonly known as a load-bearing precast concrete frame. The frame allows for the removal of the interior columns so that the possibility of having floor to ceiling glass is achieved. This achievement is by the use of triple glazing that has exterior retractable protective louvers. The studies have indicated that there has been the provision of the more area of the floor when using this particular technique as opposed to the other methods. The study of this system has further found out that the ratio of the percentage of the glass to the enclosed surfaces is 60 percent to 40 percent(Darko et al 2017)..
This has been useful in the improving of the values of the insulation. The heating and the cooling systems are joined to the hanging ceiling panels. This particular approach is considered to be more effective as opposed to the other means of installing the other systems on the floor. The precast concrete is a fireproof material and this property allows for the removal of the additional means of the fire protection.
The studies have indicated that this particular innovation will always provide an alternative way to the use of the glass curtains for the high-rise buildings. This has been one of the ways through which this particular project ensures quality and succeeds in the reduction of the time of the project handling. The technology is considered very innovative in terms of the materials reduction. It was discovered that the technique has been utilized in very many parts of the world.
BSB Prefabricated Construction Process
The studies of this particular technology can be traced back to the 15-day work that was done in Changsha in China. This particular technology was used to construct a 30-story hotel within a span of two weeks. This achievement has drawn the attention of the construction industries. The engineering aspect of the building has never been compromised despite the very short duration that is consumed for the construction. The technology employs the use of the already assemble products that are commonly referred to as the pre-assembled components(Chan, Darko and Ameyaw 2017).
This has been a clear indication of the beneficial nature of the technology in the terms of time reduction in the consruction of the high-rise system. The process uses the factory fabricated structures of the steel system. The use of the flanges and very high strength bolts in the process is a confirmation of the need of the pre-assembled components. These components are used in the process of joining the different parts in the construction. The integrated floor slabs, wallboards, and other fabricated materials are combined together using the bolts and also the flanges.
The evaluation of the structures that have been erected by the use of this particular technology has revealed several benefits. Some of the competitive advantages include the following. The resistance of the structure to the effects of the earthquakes had been reduced to almost 9 magnitudes. The building is almost five times more energy efficient as compared to other similar structures.
The cost of construction of the conventional buildings has been reduced by almost over 20 percentages on average. As compared to the conventional buildings in the whole process, the waste production has been minimized by one percent. This particular process is a reflection of the most innovative ways that are used to address the demand of the high-rise buildings in the urban places(Schön 2017 ).
Rocker Façade Support System
The research articles have provided information about the unique nature of the building of the Poly corporation headquarters. This particular structure has exclusive components of the design that have been specifically used in the building. This particular system is known to support the largest cable-net glass wall through the release of the strong wind effects and also the effects of the earthquakes. The extensive analysis of this kind of the structure has revealed that the structural design of the building is not possible to be achieved by the use of the common two –way cable net(Enteria Awbi and Yoshino 2015).
In order to achieve the requirements of the 90 meters by 60 meters, there have to be other means of the division. There has been the implementation of the cable strayed system that utilized two large strand bridge cables. These cables were placed in a diagonal fold line. The lines were attached to the eight stored suspended lantern-like structure of the museum. The studies have indicated that this particular system provides a counterweight for the cables. The provision of the counterweight is achieved through the system of the pre-stress and stiffness.
Table 3
This counterweight is required to assist in the provision of the resistance to the loads that results from the effects of the winds on the cable nets. The cables that are diagonal are used in the atrium glass wall. In order to ensure that the building remains suspended, there has been the implementation of two additional cables and a rocker. This kind of the innovative technique has assisted in the reduction of the cost of the construction of the buildings in the earthquake-prone areas.
Also, the quality of the structures has greatly improved considering that the building employs the use of the very modern materials for the construction process. Since the process is very cheap and also qualitative, the implementation exercise has been very common in addressing the high-rise building projects problems. The implementation of this particular technique can be achieved when used to address the issues of the high-rise building projects due to its quality and cost efficiency.
Mega truss Seismic Isolation Structure
The analysis of this particular structure indicated that it was possible to achieve both of the two requirements of the structure within the one particular building. This structure is common in Japan. The designers of the multi-purpose high-rise building erected these structures through the insolation of the structural component. The intermediate solution that has been provided allowed for the transfer of the forces through transitions very safely. The reinforced concretes were used in the construction of the concert hall. The concrete material assisted in the construction of the rigid frame that supported the sound isolation and also the acoustic performance.
The evaluation of this structure by other researchers have revealed a system of the mega-truss that have diagonals, bearing of the dead rubber, mega columns and also the oil dampers that allows for the existence of the contrasting requirements in the same building. Such an innovative idea was considered a perfect opportunity for the designers to construct exceptionally tall high-rise building. In this same structure, there was the concept of the base isolation and systems of the transfer. The integration of these ideas was done on the basis of the isolated seismic zones that experience higher cases of the earthquakes. The adopted system ensured quality through the unique operation and functionality .A summary of the reduction of the cost has been tabulated.
Modern Conveying System
In almost all the construction sites in the modern set up, there is need for the use of a conveyor. The conveyors allow for the easy lifting or hoisting of the load or parts of the component within the site while spending very little energy. Automated conveying systems are used in various places where they perform horizontal conveying, trolley hoists for the vertical cranes and also the overhead traveling cranes(Castello et al 2014). This system works with the crane that ascends and descends through the wide drive instead of having large convey tall tower cranes. The researches have indicated that trolley hoists will normally lift the load from the ground and have it ridden onto that rails of the crane that have already been mentioned.
This system allows the crane to reach its destinations safely.All the operation of the crane system is taken care of by the computer control system. The operations in the tower cranes may include picking up of the load and having it conveyed to other positions. Such operations are performed automatically without any other means of the manual operation. This particular role has impacted the business of the construction positively in the sense that quality is maintained even with the reduction of the time of the entire process.
This innovative technology has been very useful in the processes of handling the issue of the high rise- building. Studies have indicated that in in the process of hoisting using the automated system, there was the likelihood that the cost of the operation would still be high.
In order to ensure that this cost was minimized, the management of the construction sites would ensure that the process was kept continuous to avoid the cases of interruptions and inefficiency. When such automated systems were implemented in the construction sites, the number of the hired labor would definitely reduce(Cao, Dai and Liu 2016). The reduction in the number of workers in the construction of the high rise building lowered the cost .Also, the automated systems were known for saving time and this made them to be preferred for such duties. In the end, the innovation saved time and the cost.
Automated Welding system
One of the compulsory operations in the construction sites is called welding. Such operations are known to consume a lot of time when various parts are to be joined together. The innovation s that has utilized the use of the automated system of welding have not only improved the quality of the erected structures but also saved time for the construction of the high rise buildings.
In such setups, the welding of the columns to columns have been done automatically by the use of the robots. The research has revealed that the welding of the joints that exist between the columns is horizontally done and is multi-layered. The incorporation of the robots in the design welding allowed for performance of very essential parts of the welding in a manner that not only saves time but also improves the quality of the weld. This automatically translates to the quality of the entire high rise building(Calautit, Hughes and Ghani 2013).
Conclusion
The techniques of the constructions and other innovations have been considered very basic for the success of any project of the high-rise building that is already mentioned in the project. The effective management of various construction companies has implemented some of the technologies that have since left them very competitive. The equipment that is considered relevant has been utilized effectively to achieve the goals and electives of the related projects. The development stage was considered important since it provided the basic idea of the construction to the task force.
The engineers have always been guided effectively with the design concepts when they are carrying out the implementation processes. The innovations that have been highlighted have been found to impact strongly the strength of the buildings. In any of the construction, the quality of the materials that were used played a significant role.They ensured that the engineering requirements of the houses were met alongside achieving the aesthetic value. The reduction of the time and construction cost among other advantages of the technologies have contributed to the ever-growing popularity. It is therefore very important for the authorities to adopt this particular scheme so as to assist in the provision of the required solution for the housing.
Reference
Calautit, J.K., Hughes, B.R. and Ghani, S.A., 2013. A numerical investigation into the feasibility of integrating green building technologies into row houses in the Middle East. Architectural Science Review, 56(4), pp.279-296.
Cao, X., Dai, X. and Liu, J., 2016. Building energy-consumption status worldwide and the state-of-the-art technologies for zero-energy buildings during the past decade. Energy and buildings, 128, pp.198-213.
Castello, C.C., Sanyal, J., Rossiter, J.S., Hensley, Z.P. and New, J.R., 2014, January. Sensor data management, validation, correction, and provenance for building technologies. In Proceedings of the ASHRAE Annual Conference and ASHRAE Transactions.
Chan, A.P.C., Darko, A. and Ameyaw, E.E., 2017. Strategies for promoting green building technologies adoption in the construction industry—An international study. Sustainability, 9(6), p.969.
Collins, A.E. and Woerman, M.L., Innovative Building Technologies, LLC, 2015. Premanufactured structures for constructing buildings. U.S. Patent 8,950,132.
Darko, A., Chan, A.P.C., Ameyaw, E.E., He, B.J. and Olanipekun, A.O., 2017. Examining issues influencing green building technologies adoption: The United States green building experts’ perspectives. Energy and Buildings, 144, pp.320-332.
Eastman, C.M., 2018. Building product models: computer environments, supporting design and construction. CRC press.
Enteria, N., Awbi, H. and Yoshino, H., 2015. Application of renewable energy sources and new building technologies for the Philippine single family detached house. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 6(3), pp.267-294.
Goldstein, B.E. ed., 2012. Collaborative resilience: Moving through crisis to opportunity. MIT press.
Johansson, O., 2012. The spatial diffusion of green building technologies: The case of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) in the United States. International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, 10(3), pp.251-266.
Meggers, F., Ritter, V., Goffin, P., Baetschmann, M. and Leibundgut, H., 2012. Low exergy building systems implementation. Energy, 41(1), pp.48-55.
Schön, D.A., 2017. The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Routledge.
Shaikh, P.H., Nor, N.B.M., Nallagownden, P., Elamvazuthi, I. and Ibrahim, T., 2014. A review on optimized control systems for building energy and comfort management of smart sustainable buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 34, pp.409-429.
Si, J., Marjanovic-Halburd, L., Nasiri, F. and Bell, S., 2016. Assessment of building-integrated green technologies: a review and case study on applications of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method. Sustainable Cities and Society, 27, pp.106-115.
Whitworth, B. and Ahmad, A., 2014. The social design of technical systems: Building technologies for communities. The Interaction Design Foundation.
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