1. what is the difference between leadership and management?
2. what is the difference between leadership theory and leadership style?
3. What are the changes made in leadership style due to the evolving leadership role?
4. What are the challenges a leader has to face today in health care system?
5. What are the leadership models practised in nursing?
6. What is the nursing theories influence in a leadership role?
7. What are the important values that a nurse leader should emulate and how does leadership theorist influence on nursing?
8. How does safety, quality and values impact the nursing leader role?
Leader: Nurse practitioner is a person who motivates and influences the team to achieve the goals and mission of their organisation in a most effective and efficient manner. Leadership can be formal or informal to the health care organization. A nurse is said to be an effective leader because of allocating the resources and streamlining the workforce. The responsibilities that are associated with the nurse leader is designing the policy and implementing it as a new policy or procedure, challenging the health policies, which are imposed by the government or the institution authority, etc. (Mensik, 2015).
Nurse Management is connected with the field of nursing which deals with the patients. The role of the nurse manager is to carry out the work or responsibilities given within the timelines prescribed by taking the help of financial and personal resources, which is allocated in order to meet the objectives and goals of the organization. The nurse manager has the power of making an excellent decision that will be implemented for the wellbeing of the organization. An effective management program is required to facilitate the hospitals, residential and clinical facilities those use the nurse services (‘Preparing for leadership’, 2014).
Leaders: Nurse Leaders motivate the team by applying some leadership theories. These theories focus on the leader followers as well as the contextual nature of the leadership. There are various kinds of theories that used by the leaders that include skilled-based theory; transformational theory, transactional theory and behaviourist theory, etc. leadership style, and leadership theory are very relevant to each other.
Leadership style is a part of the behaviourist theory that is modelled on a leader’s behaviour. There are many kinds of leadership style, which are used by the nurses. Among them, servant leadership is one of the most popular leadership styles (Spitzer, 2015). In this style, the servant leader makes sure that the needs of the members involved in the team are fulfilled or not. This management involves the decision of the member involved in the team that are based on the values and ideas of the organisation.
Transformational leadership is another type of leadership style based on the motivating the team members and building relationships with a mission and vision. This type of leader has the confidence to inspire other team members, to communicate vision, respecting the other members of the team and maintaining loyalty to them to make them feel important (WALLIS & KENNEDY, 2012).
Democratic leadership: This type of leadership encourages performing open communication and participation of the team members in decision-making. The members involved in this type are given accountability, responsibility and feedback depending on their performance (Levesque, 2012). The leader of this type gives important to the relationships that focus on the improvement of the quality of the process and the system rather focusing on the mistakes done by the members of the team.
Autocratic leadership: In this leadership style the leader does not involve the suggestion or decision of the team members. Knowledge is treated as the power, and critical information are avoided from the team (Cummings, 2011). This type of leadership does not tolerate the mistake of the other members rather than the faculty makes it. However, there is a positive side of this leadership style that it works in the emergencies where there is no time for any discussion.
Laissez –faire leadership: In this style the leader does not make any decision and does not provide direction but takes a hands-off approach. This type is often used by the new leader or those who are at the end of their career (’80/20 Projects: Introduction’, 2012).
Leader: Many changes are made within the leadership styles to achieve results that are more effective. The changes that have been made are the change from the authoritative style to participative style. The new style has included the participation of other team members in making a decision that was not included in the authoritative style. One of the most important changes that have made is the ability to manage the priorities and the expectation of the employees, community, suppliers, etc.
Leader: For making change in the health care systems, leaders have to face many challenges, which include:
Making changes in the value-based models: Leaders put practices of the governance and infrastructure to support the value based programs even though the providers have money for the service revenue. However, many suppliers are concerned that may be the cost of the building and the maintenance of the organisation are not supported by the revenue money (Keselman, 2012).
Reacting effectively to the economic progress of the local markets: The organisation of the health is which is shifting to the value-based programs they must relate or know the limits and the realities of the economic state of the market. It should also contend the strategies of the employers for the deduction of the health care cost and concentrating on the market player and the practice associated with the physician.
Growing and protecting the market share: Growing the share of the market is a concern of all the companies to have a competitive edge on the competitors. Generating a high share of revenue is required and to attain the high position in the market. The executives are driven towards looking at the different partnerships with other organisations or any other agencies.
Development of substitute profit earning sources: For providing proper diagnostic services to the suffering people, a higher reserve of cash is necessary. The decreasing amount of revenue of these medical centres is uplifted by the services regarding the development of medical services and patient care services (Bender, Connelly, Glaser & Brown, 2012).
The inclusion of operational costs: one of the major concerns of these health care service providers is regarding the increasing cost of the services provided. The workers are always concerned towards reducing the cost of the operations. The different methods applied to control these costs are through the process of minimum utilisation of resources and following standardisation policies. Even the financially healthy medical centres are opting to minimize the cost of running the centre.
Leader: Leadership models practised in nursing are of two types that include Group Practice Model and Professional Practice Model.
The model of practicing with the group is about the practice supported by the principles and visions. Here, the care is totally given to the affected people without discontinuing the service of care. Here, the care workers try to create a strong and friendly relationship between the patients and the care workers.
Relationship-based care, a care service that contain three main factors of care of the family members, caring for the suffering people, focussing on the improvement of the relationship between the patients and their families (Finkelman & Kenner, 2007).
Leader: The leadership theories influence the nursing in a great manner. Nurses used these theories to manipulate the surrounding of the environment to improve the outcomes of the patients. It also provides the appropriate care that is needed for the development of the patient. There are four important theories that are involved in nursing they are as follows:
Grand theories: These theories are complex and broad. They cannot identify the species those are needed for practice implementation. To apply this theory, specific research is needed to get the appropriate interventions.
Middle theories: These theories are the most reflective and specific of an actual practice of nursing. They emphasize on the specific topic in nursing like the end of life. Implementation of this theory can communicate to various areas of the nursing practice.
Descriptive theories: this theory describes or gives an explanation about the incident that occurs and the consequences associated with it. They can be applied directly in patient assessment but do not have a direct intervention of specific nursing (Bender, Connelly, Glaser & Brown, 2012).
Prescriptive theories: These theories relate directly to the interventions of specific nursing and describe the phenomenon. This theory is implemented in research setting and is used to observe the intervention validity as it is action oriented.
There are some other leadership theories used in influencing nursing that includes environmental manipulation theory, nurse-patient relationship, self-care deficit theory, culture care theory and system model theory.
Leader: The nursing theorist has a great impact on developing and influencing the practice, such as Henderson. His theory states that the nurses should play the role of providing the tools to the patients to participate actively in their care. When the patient is unable to perform, their activities nurses should assist them.
Leader: Nurses have a great impact on the safety, values and quality in a health care place. To maintain these things they coordinate care provider, monitor, and assist the patient as per their requirement to reduce the risk factors of the patient leading to get positive interventions (Blouin & Buturusis, 2012).
Summary: The information that gained from this interview will highly influence the career in the field of nursing. By getting the idea of the leadership theories and the leadership styles which are implemented in the nursing practice will enhance my career in this will and it also help to get knowledge that what kind of strategies can be chosen in my practice and will able to maintain the quality, values, safety of the health care areas.
References
80/20 Projects: Introduction. (2012). Nursing Leadership, 25(sp), 33-36. doi:10.12927/cjnl.2012.22813
Bender, M., Connelly, C., Glaser, D., & Brown, C. (2012). Clinical Nurse Leader Impact on Microsystem Care Quality. Nursing Research, 61(5), 326-332. doi:10.1097/nnr.0b013e318265a5b6
Blouin, A., & Buturusis, B. (2012). Addressing the Critical Role of Nurse Leaders in Advancing Quality and Safety. Nurse Leader, 10(6), 22-25. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2012.09.002
Cummings, G. (2011). The Call for Leadership to Influence Patient Outcomes. Nursing Leadership, 24(2), 22-25. doi:10.12927/cjnl.2011.22459
Finkelman, A., & Kenner, C. (2007). Why should nurse leaders care about the status of nursing education?. Nurse Leader, 5(6), 23-27. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2007.09.006
Keselman, D. (2012). Ethical Leadership. Holistic Nursing Practice, 26(5), 259-261. doi:10.1097/hnp.0b013e318263f2da
Levesque, P. (2012). Virtual Leadership in Nursing Education. Nurse Educator, 37(5), 211-213. doi:10.1097/nne.0b013e318262abb6
Mensik, J. (2015). Leaning Into Leadership. Nurse Leader, 13(2), 19-20. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2015.01.011
Preparing for leadership. (2014). The Nurse Practitioner, 39(2), 6. doi:10.1097/01.npr.0000441916.33934.e9
Spitzer, R. (2015). An Effective Leadership Paradigm. Nurse Leader, 13(2), 8. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2015.01.016
WALLIS, A., & KENNEDY, K. (2012). Leadership training to improve nurse retention. Journal Of Nursing Management, 21(4), 624-632. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01443.x
Wessel, S. (2015). Start Strong: What Every New Nurse Leader Should Do Beginning on Day One. Nurse Leader, 13(1), 62-64. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2014.05.021
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