Discuss about the Leadership Style And Management Of Organization.
Leadership is considered as process through which executives of the organization direct, guide and influence the work and behavior of other employees in the organization for the purpose of achieving particular goals of the organization. In other words, leadership is the management ability to influence their subordinates for ensuring confidence and zeal in their work performance (Ward, 2017).
It is considered as potential of person to influence the behavior of other persons in the organization or it can be said as capacity of person to influence the groups towards the realization of their goals. Leaders of the organization required to develop visions and make efforts to motivate the other members of the organization to achieve these visions. As stated by Keith Davis, leadership is the ability of person to encourage other members of the organization to achieve defined objectives of the organization enthusiastically. Basically, it is a human factor which brings complete group together and motivates them to achieve particular goal of the organization (MSG, n.d.).
This paper describes the concept of leadership by defining leadership traits and leadership theories. It also describes the existing vision of the leadership and also evaluates the effectiveness of leadership in the The Fairmont Dubai. After stating all the necessary approaches related to the leadership, paper contains the recommendations and changes required in leadership dynamics for ensuring sustainable growth and development in the organization.
Structure of this report includes theories related to leadership and how these theories can be applied in The Fairmont Dubai. Another section of the report states heredity and leadership traits related to the leadership development style. At last, it recognizes the theories related to leadership in context of day to day operations of the hospitality industry. Lastly, paper is concluded with brief conclusion and recommendations.
Leadership is the process which is carried out by the leaders by applying their knowledge and skills. Effective leaders inspire the movements of other person in the organization and it is only possible when people choose to move in the similar direction. Without a leader it is not possible to combine the actions of different people for achieving the common objective. Basic job of the leader is to inspire the people to work together for the purpose of achieving common objective.
In the present case, Before appointed in Fairmont, he worked as general manager in the Sofitel Dubai Downtown. He holds an Associate Degree in Food & Beverage Operations and an Associate Degree in Culinary Arts from the German Chamber of Commerce. He also attended the General Manager’s Program at Cranfield University, England and the General Manager’s Program at Cornell University, USA. This is the development path of Mr. Hilal for reaching the current leadership position. His 30 years’ experience also helps him in achieving this position.
It must be noted that, there are number of bosses in the world who are operating leading companies, but there are not enough leaders. Title of the boss only signifies power over other, but this is not the situation in case of leaders. It must be noted that mark of the true leader is the ability of a person to motivate the employee commitment and engagement for achieving any particular objective.
Necessary traits of leadership are completely depends on the industry in which organization is engaged. However, there are some common traits also which must be possessed by the leaders. What traits are required for becoming the successful hospitality leader? Answer related to this question is clearly based on this industry. As stated by Michigan State University of the private club industry, five essential traits are required for good leaders and these traits are innovation, vision, inner values, inspiration and communication. Some necessary traits of the effective leaders are stated below:
Innovation: in case of hospitality industry, innovation means finding new ways for the purpose of improving the performance of the organization. Strong leaders mainly focus on the quality of the service instead of the quantity, and take initiatives in their work. Each and every day they consider new ways for improving the things in all areas such as from human resource department to the front-line food and beverage service (newlands, 2015).
Additionally, leaders of the organization seek innovative solutions, and they are open to listens the other ideas. Effective leaders accept the fact that great idea can come from anyone and they take advantage of this fact. Finally, innovation in hospitality industry leadership demands flexibility from the leaders (iwise2, n.d.).
Vision: it is necessary to set the direction if person wants to achieve something, and in case of organization it is necessary to set vision for the purpose of achieving organizational goals. In case of hospitality industry also, it is necessary for leaders to set the vision and also involve others to share and implement that vision. Good leaders provide spark which inspires other members of the organization towards the same goal, and provide the guidelines which help them in same.
Inner values- there are number of studies related to the hospitality industry which shows that leaders of the hospitality industry must encourage strong family values. They must recognize the values provided by their families to them, and one more important factor for success is the balance in the work and life. The ability of the leader is to focus on the organization while they are at work and spend quality time with their family when they are at home; this balance is considered as important trait of effective leadership (Bisk, n.d.).
Inspiration- there are numbers of ways through which great leaders inspire and influence their associates. Leaders make different efforts to know their associates and ask them for new ideas. Associates share their visions and goals, and leaders provide them tools which are required for implementing those ideas. Finally, effective leadership is the approach which allowed the associates to make mistakes and learn from their mistakes. Inspiring leaders are those leaders which understand that there is no scope of failure, there is only opportunity for learning and growth.
Communication- leaders are considered as strong communicators, and things are also similar in case of hospitality industry. Leaders in the hospitality industry are adapting the articulating goals and they speak in public, but it is necessary to understand that listening is also important. Great leaders are curious in nature, and they ask different questions from their associates related to their ideas. Asking questions from the associates facilitates the knowledge of working and also make them able to assess the working requirements and need of improvement (Noonan, 2016).
The individual difference framework was developed for the purpose of understanding the individual difference and their complex components. Two most important factors that determine the characteristics of individual leadership are heredity and environmental influence (Arvey, 2011).
Heredity can be considered as genetic characteristics of the person, and factors related to heredity include genetic patterns, race or ethnicity and gender. Environment is considered as setting in which individuals are raised or exposed to throughout their life. On the other hand, elements related to cultural factors, education system, and parental upbringing are considered as important part of the environment (TSAI, 2008).
Both, heredity and environmental factors interact for the purpose of influence the development of individual differences, and these differences can be seen in different leaders. Environmental and social conditions can reinforce the patters which influence the personality of leaders. it must be noted that, environmental and social conditions strengthen such patterns which influence the personality of the leaders. This can be understood through example, culture of United States expected from their male candidates to be more competitive and aggressive in nature and this generally influences their behavior as leaders of the organization. Therefore, it can be said that genetic makeup and what the person exposed to help make the individual leader they are (Ricketts, n.d.).
It must be noted that characteristics of individual are divided into four categories and these categories are stated below:
As stated above, leadership style is considered as most important characteristics of effective leadership, and some of these styles are stated below:
The Laissez-Faire Leader: in this type of leadership there is lack of direct supervision of employees and they also fail to provide regular feedback to those employees who are under their supervision. Those employees who are highly qualified and required little supervision are placed under this type of supervision.The Autocrat: this type of leadership allowed the leaders to make their decisions alone, and does not consult other employees and associates before taking the decision. In this type of leadership, manager possesses complete authority and imposes their decisions on their employees.The Participative Leader: this is also known as democratic leadership style, and in this style leader values the inputs of their team and associates, but they are responsible to make final decision. This type of leadership not only motivates the employee but also ensure full participation of employee in the organizations decision making process.The Transactional Leader: those leaders who are adopting transactional leadership style receive particular tasks to perform and provide rewards and punishments on the basis of performance results of the employees. In this both mangers and team leaders set the predetermined goals together.The Transformational Leader: transformational leadership styles depend on the high levels of communication with the management for the purpose of meeting goals. Employees are motivated by their leaders and increase their productivity and efficiency through communication and high visibility. In this style, there is need that management involves in the process (Johnson, 2018).
In case of hospitality industry, management adopted their own style which mainly ensures stress, intervention, control of operations and interactions between members at all levels in the organization. As stated by Mullins, managerial leadership style is considered as most appropriate style in the hospitality industry, and this style can be more effective in nature as compared to other styles in context of getting employees job satisfaction. Since managers of the organization work all the time with their employees and because of which they are able to deal with the issues of employees with more focus. However, there is no preferred or particular leadership style in hospitality industry.
As stated by the Okumus and Hemmington (1998), the most suitable leadership style for hospitality industry is the autocratic style, but this argument is opposed by the Nour (2004) and he stated that most suitable leadership style for hospitality industry is the democratic style.
It must be noted that in hospitality industry it is necessary for leader to adopt the style as per the situation or adopt two or more styles for particular situation. As stated by Ammar Hilal “leadership style is the concept which provides direction for implementing the plan and in present work environment it is not possible to follow any particular style of leadership. However, definitely there is no scope of autocratic leadership” (Divecha, 2017).
Ammar Hilal does not consider the autocratic style of leadership appropriate for the hospitality industry, but in my point of view, this style is also important for the hospitality industry and effective management. This does not mean that autocratic style of leadership is the most suitable style, but it can be used in some situations. It must be noted that participative leadership style is the most appropriate style for the hospitality industry because it involve participation from both the sides and motivate the employees also (Ababneh, 2013).
As stated by Ammar Hilal “Clarity on objectives and strong determination to achieve that objective is the most important trait off every leadership and this trait must be possessed by all leaders”. He further states, “Employee satisfaction is the biggest factor which motivates the employee. If employee is satisfied he work with complete determination and work with his heart”.
Presently, Ammar Hilal adopts the four framework approach as their leadership model, and as per this model leaders display the leadership in one or four types of frameworks:
Symbolic framework: These types of leaders consider the organization as stage or theatre at which they play some particular roles and leave their impressions (NWlink, n.d.).
Approach adopted by Ammar Hilal ensures effective leadership in the organization but this approach is not sufficient for sustainable growth of the organization. Suitable Leadership model is also suitable for the Fairmont hotel in Dubai:
Situational leadership theory is based on the two components that are necessary supervision and required training given to coach workers in particular situations, for the purpose of developing the employees into great performers:
Supervision- leader determine the supervision level on the basis of skill and knowledge of the employees. Supervision is also known as directing. One side of this content is known as over-supervision, and other end of this content is known as under-supervision. Under-supervision can result in miscommunication, lack of coordination, etc. on the other side, over-supervision can result in stifles initiative, breeds resentment, and lowers morale. In this model, leader aims to provide correct level of supervision to its employees.
Supporting- leader also determine the amount of support on the basis of skill and knowledge of the employees. Emotional support increase or lowers the task holder’s arousal level, and a particular level of support motivates the employee of the organization towards the change.
Conclusion:
After considering the above facts, it can be said that leadership in hospitality industry play very important role and it mainly considered as important performance driver. Leadership is the management ability to influence their subordinates for ensuring confidence and zeal in their work performance. It is considered as potential of person to influence the behavior of other persons in the organization or it can be said as capacity of person to influence the groups towards the realization of their goals.
This paper discuss the leadership style of the Ammar Hilal and he follow the mix style of leadership for achieving his target and manage his work. He inspires the movements of other person in the organization. it must be noted that, without a leader it is not possible to combine the actions of different people for achieving the common objective. Basic job of the leader is to inspire the people to work together for the purpose of achieving common objective.
References:
Ababneh, M. (2013). Leadership Style of Managers in Five-Star Hotels and its Relationship with Employee’s Job Satisfaction, IJMBS, Vol. 3, Issue 2.
Arvey, R. (2011). Leadership: Is It in the genes?. Retrieved on 21st March 2018 from: https://www.iedp.com/articles/leadership-is-it-in-the-genes/.
Arvey, R. Rotundo, M. Johnson, W. & Mcgue, M. (2002). The Determinants of Leadership: The Role of Genetic, Personality, and Cognitive Factors. Retrieved on 21st March 2018 from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5100615_The_Determinants_of_Leadership_The_Role_of_Genetic_Personality_and_Cognitive_Factors.
Bisk. 5 Essentials of Hospitality Leadership. Retrieved on 21st March 2018 from: https://www.michiganstateuniversityonline.com/resources/hospitality/the-5-essentials-of-hospitality-leadership/#.WrNS0WpubIV.
Divecha, D. (2017). Ammar Hilal moves to Fairmont Dubai as GM. Retrieved on 21st March 2018 from: https://www.hoteliermiddleeast.com/31096-ammar-hilal-moves-to-fairmont-dubai-as-gm/.
Iwise2. Leadership theories, styles and approaches. Retrieved on 21st March 2018 from: https://www.iwise2.com/leadership-theories-styles-and-approaches.
Johnson, R. (2008). 5 Different Types of Leadership Styles. Retrieved on 21st March 2018 from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-different-types-leadership-styles-17584.html.
Mathiasch, J. (2017). 12 Different Types of Leadership Styles. Retrieved on 21st March 2018 from: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/12-different-types-leadership-styles-jim-mathiasch.
MSG. Leadership Basics. Retrieved on 21st March 2018 from: https://www.managementstudyguide.com/leadership_basics.htm.
Newlands, M. (2015). 7 Characteristics of Inspiring Leaders. Retrieved on 21st March 2018 from: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/252916.
Noonan, J. (2016). Leadership in the Hotel Industry. Retrieved on 21st March 2018 from: https://www.spencerstuart.com/research-and-insight/leadership-in-the-hotel-industry
Nour, D. (2004),“The Effect of Different Jordanian Hospitality Leadership Styles on Subordinates’ Resistance to Organisational Change”, Unpublished master thesis, University Center “César Ritz”, Brig.
NWlink. Leadership Models. Retrieved on 21st March 2018 from: https://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadmodels.html.
Okumus, F., Hemmington, N., (1998). Barriers and Resistance to Change in Hotel Firms: An Investigation at Unit Level, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 10, No. 7, pp. 283-288.
Ricketts, K. Behaving Intelligently: Leadership Traits & Characteristics. Retrieved on 21st March 2018 from: https://www2.ca.uky.edu/agcomm/pubs/elk1/elk1102/elk1102.pdf.
Tsai, C. (2008), Leadership style and employee’s job satisfaction in international tourist hotels, in Arch G. Woodside (ed.) Advances in Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research (Advances in Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, Volume 2) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.293 – 332.
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