Different Learning Styles
- There is a genuine need for the educators to focus more of their efforts when making solicitous curriculum decisions. It is one of the important pillars for establishing a good foundation to accommodate children with special or varied basic needs. An inclusive early child education and care center provides all children with an equal opportunity to take part in dynamic activities that occur in early childhood learning environment. They realize personal talents as suggested by (Brans(Branscombe, Nyla , Michael, Schmitt, & Richard, 2014).
- Teachers and care providers are required by the law to go through experience training. This equips them with the skills and right attitude; they feel confident and comfortable of handling children with additional needs. Support of the administrator to the educators. It is fundamental in modelling positive attitude towards inclusion as implied by (Seligman, 2015)).
- Most efficient methods of communication used to relay and share information about the daily progress of children to their families include: telephone verbal communications, written messages, paralanguage communication, face-to-face communication, visual communication and audio-visual (Copple & Bredekamp, 2013).
- The disbelief that may arise from both the educator and the parent on the child’s ability to succeed in learning fundamental skills, such as how to write their names or how to tally numbers up to twenty, is sometimes erroneous. Hence, they need to seek help from mental health professionals who are able to assess condition of the child, they also help to develop individual learning program for that specific child as indicated by (Mark, 2014).
- Culture and diversity awareness is an indispensable training. It equips the educators with special skills on how to deal with children who have additional needs. The training helps the educators to develop impartial and robust professional experience so as to handle aboriginal students (Brown, 2016).
- The benefit package that originates from partnering with parents, interventions and communities for purposes of supporting of children includes: the efficiency of obtaining information like background of the child, interest of the child, needs, goals and strengths of those children as established by (Bodfish, Symons, Parker, & Lewis, 2015).
- Providing support to a child with extra needs requires one to adapt the child care setting. This allows them to keep focus on the strengths and the abilities of these children rather than their disabilities. This support mechanism should be implemented (Phillips, Mekos, Scarr, McCartney, & Abbott–Shim, 2012)by making slight changes to the childcare setting and initially teaching the child specific words.
- A child who experiences muscles coordination problem needs influential motivators to help improve their behaviors and participate in chasing games. They need to be praised using a calm and casual voice when they try to run or move their legs in such manner ((Brown, McAndrew, Wickham, & Huang, 2017). It is healthy to praise their efforts rather concentrating entirely on the result which initially may not be interesting. The praises are aimed at improving the child’s poise, buoyancy and cooperation in the game. It is important to take not to acclaim skills that the child learnt long ago in the past so that they don’t feel micromanaged.
- a) Orientation for Children Policy. Help to foster strong relationships between educators and children in early child education and care centers.
- b) Continuity for Education and Care Policy.
- C) Enrollment Policy.
- d) Relations with children Relationships Policy.
- e) Child Protection Policy.
- When both parents of the child are of the same gender (two fathers) then it is advisable for the educator to seek the parent’s opinion concerning the emotional care for the child in relation to the activity of painting hearts for the mothers. This should be done prior to the actual when the children are supposed to paint heart and give to their mother as a sign of celebrating mother’s day(Spera, 2015). This will provide the educator and the parents with an opportunity to discuss on how handle the situation before the actual day of painting hearts.
- Educators play a critical role in providing support to the children as they strive to establish a liaison with their families and community; as well as develop awareness about their social culture. Educators promote this process of learning in children by creating harmonious physical and emotional environment for learning. Everyone is respected and treated with kindness. They also encourage for dialogue between children and their parents(Arehart & Yoshinaga-Itano, 2016). Creating community sagacity within the classroom where every individual is valued as a unique person. Encouraging children to explore their notions through play. And also help children develop relationship with each other in their small world.
- National quality Framework and Early Years Learning Framework can be accessed through the legislators; that protect people with disability (including children) that relate to inclusion, equity and diversity (Kelley & Hurst, 2016).
- Equitable and effective ways to give children equal opportunity to achieve include: adapting environment for the child care for the disabled children, supporting children with special needs, sharing information about children with special needs and communicating to the parents on the daily progress of the child according to (Krementz, 2012).
- A child who has Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) can be made to fill comfortable by reducing the background noise. This can be done by either choosing a quite environment to hold the service or by reducing music in the background. Pillows, drapes and soft materials also can be used to absorb excess sound around the child with hearing problem(Paul, 2016). Use normal voice while talking. Encourage the child to focus on the visual cues while you are talking and use pictures and labels to enhance communication.
- It is wise to avoid focusing on the negativity of the male child of fairy wings meant for the female but rather identify the child’s need and use appraisal to help him learning while making him to feel comfortable ad capable(Weber, 2013).
- It is important to help and provide children with physical disability to do things on their own within their ability. This helps the child to feel respected and capable of overcoming the situation. It is important to encourage the child to hold the pen on his own and fall for the temptation of doing everything for the child (Kelley & Hurst, 2016).
- Yes because they are like any other children. Children with additional needs in life need assistance so that they can freely and wholly participate in the learning process during early childhood development and care setting. These children have specific additional needs that need to be met with a lot of caution for them to grow and reach personal goals with confidence while appreciating diversity in the community(Adab, Jacoby, Smith, & Chadwick, 2011).
- Inclusivity provides to children the opportunity to learn at their own swiftness in a supportive environment. Children in an inclusive environment are privileged to learn and accept each other’s uniqueness. Both the normal child and the disabled child have equal chance to practice social skills in a real world model(Pecora, et al., 2017).
- Engaging disability support agencies to provide training services so as to improve their condition. Using appraisal to encourage and maintain their self-belief of leading positive life. Find non- verbal ways of communicating to improve their confidence and make them willing to learn and improve on their condition(Tracy & Robins, 2017).
- The following are some of the barriers children face while learning: disability challenges, low self-esteem and poor learning environment. Educators need to ensure that the learning conditions are supportive for learning(Odom & Diamond, 2016). Also the administrators need to ensure the educators have undergone relevant trainings to equip them with skills to handle a wide range of children with different needs.
- It is particularly important to share concerns about a child with others .This helps with ensuring that quality service and care is provided to the child. Accurate and useful information for decision making when deciding on the nature of education development program and care for the child (Besharov, 2016). The process of exchanging information with others, usually provide insightful routine; and way of life that ensure overall health and safety requirements of the child are met.
- It is advisable to seek help from specialists. They play fundamental role in planning process for inclusion. These specialists include: dentist, who will help with the information on how regular are the dental checkups and if at all there is a unique dental operation need for the child. Psychologist and occupational therapists who are responsible for assessing and learning strategies for the child(Walther-Thomas, Bryant, & Land, 2013).
- Educators successfully create effective play environments for the children through: teaching them specific words that will enable them to acquire playmates (learning to use polite language). Educators can help children learn how to play by being their player partners themselves. Educators can identify children with additional needs who feel timid and be their playmates(Van Ments, 2016). They also encourage the children to respect and appreciate each other’s uniqueness while playing.
- Children who are allied to the Chinese culture should take part in the Chinese cooking lessons, practice Tai Chi, play Chinese board games, visit Chinese hot springs and watch Chinese movies(Chinese Culture Connection, 2014). This will help them to get more insight to their origin and better understand their social culture.
STRENGTH/ABILITY
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ACTIVITY
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Visual learners
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Painting and colouring activities are recommended for children with this gifting. These children should be encouraged to participate in arts and watching videos games. The educators should utilize graphs, tables and pictorials. This help the children to engage their brain to remember what they have learnt
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Kinaesthetic learners
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Physical education. The students learn by participating in physical activities as opposed to sitting down to listen to lectures or watching demonstrations. They engage their whole body in the learning process for them to acquire and retain new information.
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Musical intelligence
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Learning sounds, singing songs, listening audio educative materials. Children who are able to identify different sound pitches, create sounds and listen reflectively to musical tune are more suitable to use music for learning. Commonly, there is emotional attachment to music tunes and engages the audience to think process.
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Linguistic intelligence
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Learning native and additional languages. Using sounds to learn. The educators should give more lectures to children who are linguistically gifted. Children with linguistic intelligence are able to understand both spoken and written information very fast. Educators should teach the children how to read and write. Engage them in short stories and give them puzzles to solve.
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Auditory learners
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Playing music. Telling stories to them are some of the activities which children who are auditory learners can rely upon. These children majorly rely on speaking and tentative listening as tools to aid them in learning. The educators can repeat words and sounds to these children. The children are engaged to solve their problems by talking them through. The educators should organize children with this characteristic in verbal directions, reading out loudly, group discussions and verbal reinforcement.
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(Reid, 2011)
- Physical activities for learning include using art materials for demonstration of different shapes and colors of an object, use toys to show similarity between objects and paintings to illustrate differences(Bodfish, Symons, Parker, & Lewis, 2015).
Specialist
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Role
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Occupational therapist
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Helps an individual to lead a successful life by engaging them through a series of purposeful activities. He/she helps employs the invention to help the patient recover, develop and maintain successful and meaningful activities.
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Psychologist
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Concerned mental wellbeing of an individual. He/she is responsible for evaluating emotions and social behaviours of an individual to establish their mental wellbeing state.
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Speech pathologist
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Help to correct speech disorder. They nurture and improve oratory ability and skills of an individual. They help their patients to be able to speak audibly well.
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Paediatrician
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Provide healthcare to children. They take care and treat general sickness in children
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Physiotherapy
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Help restore physical movements of the muscles in a coordinated manner after injury or illness.
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Community workers
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Provides channels for self-help to the disadvantaged in the community majorly by working with the marginalized group in the community.
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Special educations teacher
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Help disabled children who require special help in order to learn. They take notice and prepare to handle children who have special or additional needs. They spend more time with these children compared to those children who are normal or does not require additional attention for care.
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Early childhood intervention specialist
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Team member to the learning process of disabled children. They help with improving physical ability and emotional development of these children.
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- When planning for the inclusion of a two year old deaf child, and who has learning problem. It is necessary to seek help of healthcare professionals and therapist on how to accommodate the child. A good strategy for developing the inclusion plan will include setting up a meeting with all the staff expected to take care of the child and the family of the child in the presence of the healthcare professionals (Bower, et al., 2016)All important notes on the needs of the child are to be recorded. This will help with developing efficient and progressive daily routine and program for the two year old child.
- Additional resources should be employed to modify toys, equipment and generally to adjust the child care equipment to be more comfortable for the child (Goldstein, 2012).
- Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) require diagnosis and support from their family. The family’s members should be aware of the matter and try to act normally and not focus so much on the negative side(Rappley, 2017). Educators should give simple instructions to children with this condition. They should be allowed to seek medication, behavioral therapy and controlling.
- The children at a service provider are able to demonstrate inclusivity by developing healthy relationship with others from different cultural backgrounds. Normal children are expected to show respect and love to those who need special attention(Seligman, 2015). Disabled children are expected to be able to play with normal children. The educators should be able to see both the normal child and the disabled child as a child first. They should take responsibility of the children without caring whether they have additional needs or not.
- Communication methods that early child education and care providers can use to share about the progress of the child include: choosing a lonely time and place that favors them to talk with the parents of the child, the educators need to remain supportive, respectful and caring for the child this acts as an encouragement to the parents of the children. Beginning by saying a positive thing about the progress of the child (Jablin & Putnam, 2015)
- Monitoring and evaluating plans and strategies are important since they help with successful implementation of the program plan. It helps with improving and ensuring structures adopted meet specific need. Monitoring provides a systematic model to collect, analyze and interpret information for purposes of sound decision making. It a requirement that monitoring be done after the launch of the program plan so as to achieve positive results.(Casley & Kumar, 2010)
References
Adab, N., Jacoby, D., Smith, D., & Chadwick, D. (2011). Additional educational needs in children born to mothers with epilepsy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 77-81.
Arehart, K. H., & Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (2016). The role of educators of the deaf in the early identification of hearing loss. American Annals of the Deaf, New York,Ny.
Besharov, D. J. (2016). Recognizing child abuse. A guide for the concerned., 38-41.
Bodfish, J. W., Symons, F. J., Parker, D. E., & Lewis, M. H. (2015). Varieties of repetitive behavior in autism: Comparisons to mental retardation. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. Canada: Adventure Work Press.
Bower, J. K., Hales, D., Tate, F., Rubin, A., Benjamin, S. E., & Ward, D. S. (2016). The childcare environment and children’s physical activity. American journal of preventive medicine, 23-29.
Branscombe, Nyla , R., Michael, T., Schmitt, & Richard, D. (2014). “Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 77(1), 13-17.
Brown, E. L. (2016). What precipitates change in cultural diversity awareness during a multicultural course: The message or the method? Journal of Teacher Education, 133-137.
Brown, J. M., McAndrew, D. J., Wickham, J. B., & Huang, X. F. (2017). Muscles within muscles: coordination of 19 muscle segments within three shoulder muscles during isometric motor tasks. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co Inc.
Casley, D. J., & Kumar, K. (2010). The collection, analysis and use of monitoring and evaluation data. new York: The World Bank.
Chinese Culture Connection. (2014). Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture. Journal of cross-cultural psychology, 143-167.
Copple, C., & Bredekamp, S. (2013). Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. National Association for the Education of Young Children. Washington, DC.
Goldstein, J. H. (2012). Toys, play, and child developmen. Cambridge: cambridge press.
Jablin, F. M., & Putnam, L. L. (2015). The new handbook of organizational communication. Melbourne: Sage Publications.
Kelley, E., & Hurst, J. (2016). Health care quality indicators project conceptual framework paper. Sydney.
Mark, L. K. (2014). Student, Educator, and Parent Perceptions of Cyberbullying in Three Hawaii Middle Schools. Hawaii: Proquest.
Martinez-Beck, I., & Zaslow, M. (2014). Introduction: The Context for Critical Issues in Early Childhood Professional Development. Hawaii: Paul H Brookes Publishing.
McPherson, M., Arango, P., Fox, H., Lauver, C., McManus, M., Newacheck, P. W., & Strickland,, B. (2012). A new definition of children with special health care needs. Pediatrics, 137(3), 130-147.
Odom, S. L., & Diamond, K. E. (2016, 3 15). Inclusion of young children with special needs in early childhood education: The research base. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 21(1), pp. 3-25.
Paul, R. (2016). Auditory processing disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,, 50(2), 33-54.
Pecora, P., Whittaker, J., Barth, R., Barth, A., DePanfilis, D., & Plotnick, R. D. (2017). The child welfare challenge: Policy, practice, and research. Routledge. Oxford press.
Phillips, D., Mekos, D., Scarr, S., McCartney, K., & Abbott–Shim, M. (2012, 3). Within and beyond the classroom door: Assessing quality in child care centers. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. Early Childhood Quarterly, pp. 12-24.
Rappley, M. D. (2017). Attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 379(3), 168-174.
Reid, J. M. (2011). Learning styles in the ESL/EFL classroom. Sydney: Heinle & Heinle Publishers, International Thomson Publishing Book Distribution Cente.
Seligman, M. E. (2015). Helplessness: On depression, development, and death. New York, NY: WH Freeman/Times Books/Henry Holt & Co.
Spera, C. (2015). A review of the relationship among parenting practices, parenting styles, and adolescent school achievement. Educational psychology review,, 125-147.
Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2017). The self in self-conscious emotions: A cognitive appraisal approach. The self-conscious emotions:. Oxford,United Kingdom: Oxford.
Van Ments, M. (2016). The effective use of role-play: Practical techniques for improving learning. Toronto: Free press.
Walther-Thomas, C., Bryant, M., & Land, S. (2013). Planning for Effective Co-Teaching The Key to Successful Inclusion: The Key to Successful Inclusion. Remedial and Special Education, 255-267.
Weber, R. (2013). The Rhetoric of Positivism Versus Interpretivism:. A personal view, 38-45.
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