The corporation act, 2001 state the general rule that the every director of the company prohibit to trade while insolvency as contemplated under section 588G of an Act. In this case, Jamie and Paul are personally liable to pay outstanding debts as trade in losses. In the context of present problem, the reason set out that they breach the duty of care and diligence under section 180 and also they also step in a contracting with a third party without any understanding that the performance of the business is also affected if they contract with other party, consequently breach the duty to owe toward third party. The insolvency shows by the existing ground of “reasonable suspicious”.
The case referred in the present response to the problem is that in which court held that every director must owe with third party while contracting.
Moreover, the present case also represents the liability of Irene, friend of the director. The case, referred in the response to the problem is that any person other than director of the company can also be personally liable to pay debts as it influences the opinion of the directors completely. Such advice results into insolvency of the company.
The appropriate response to the problem is that Percy can enter into an agreement of sale share agreement under 568(1AA) of corporation act, 2011. The following merits lies in favor of Percy to execute agreement on selling share:
The case referred state that every shareholder of the company is liable to maintain obligations and favorable interest in context of company’s shares before any undertaking of transactions for dividends and profits.
Therefore, the prohibited clause of the company shall not infringe the provisions of share sale agreement.
The following rights and liabilities of shareholders as per facts of the problem-
In case , the doctrine of ultra vires discusses in the context of protection of shareholder’s rights and liabilities in case where director conceal any fact of the contract with third party. Here in this case, the court held that director who enters into contract without the consent of constitution of the shareholders shall be liable to civil penalty on ground of its breach of the case.
Therefore, as per facts of the case, Mary is liable to civil penalty and consideration put by minor shareholder, Mee-Ling valuation shall be taken into consideration by other respective parties of the company.
As per facts of the problem, the Company Secretary plays a significant role in a company as it bound to carry a liability to take care of every minute of the affairs of the company. In the context of the appropriate response to the problem, Mick had committed a breach of its fundamental duties. He was obliged to take reasonable steps of care and diligence in the consultation process.
Chris, managing director is not bound by the malicious conduct of the Mick. However, Chris is advised to sue Mick for the breach of its fundamental duties.
The case cited in the response to the present problem. In the case, court held that Company Sectary is also liable or obliged to perform its fundamental duties just same as the director of the company. In the case of defaults in breach, the director is entitled to terminate the services of such company sectary and also bring a suit for breach of its fundamental duty.
As per facts of the case, if Tim enters in a contract on behalf of the company then Tim is liable to consider following elements in reference of company’s liability
A Company may enter into any contract or agreement through the medium of its agency of an individual who holds either express or implied authority in the company. Such agency consists of the constitution of directors and company secretary. As per facts of the present problem, Carol, a company secretary of the company is legally entitled to enter into contract with third party as he hold the position as director of the company.
The referred case for the present problem discusses that the company secretary was legally entitled to enter into contract with third party on a subject that such company secretary is indebted on the subjects to observe basic liabilities or fundaments duty towards an interest of the company.
As per facts of the above stated response to the problem, Megan is also entitled to enter into a company as he acquire a same position like other members of the company. No one has an authority to prohibit Megan to contract with third party unless such contract is formed against the best interest of the company.
The case referred in the context of appropriate response to the problem, the court held that any agent of the company can enter into a contract and in case of defaults made by agent then in such circumstance the company is not liable for the acts of its agent. The third party shall not sue company directly. However, third party may bring action against such agent in his individual capacity.
As per facts of the case, the statutory obligations of the R&G Company deal in reference with director’s duty towards the company. These duties are
In this present problem, the company failed to exercise the fundamental essence of above stated obligations and perform the breach of contract.
The case referred in this context of the present problem where federal court held that the statutory duties burdened on the company directors and other officers of the company. The Corporation Act 2001 states that every director is liable to observe the fundamental duties towards the company. In default, every director is liable to stand in a fiduciary capacity and liable to maintain the company interest on the priority.
Therefore, the R& G Company liable to civil as well as criminal penalty as it failed to disclose the appropriate material and also failed to deliver the adequate format of audit report based on genuine transactions of the accounts and audits.
As per facts of the case, the potential civil liability shall be imposed against the R& G Company according to the Australian Tort Law. The liability shall lies on the basis of ground that is “performance of negligence in duty of care”. Under Australian Tort Law, the duty of care considered as a vital element in context to prove legal obligation on an individual. In this present case, the R&G Company perform the negligence in duty of care. Therefore, every director of the company is liable to observe the standard of duty of care according to legal application of the Australian Tort Law and Corporation Act, 2011.
The most popular leading case of presents the view that no one can be exempt by its personal liabilities to observe the standards on duty of care and diligence. The case sets the universal application that every individual must owe duty of care.
In order to prove the following element of negligence raise against the R& G Company as per facts of the case are
Also, the verdict of case held that breach of duty of care in reference of negligence also come under ambit of defaulting conduct in nature of presentation of deceptive statements that ultimately results into severe financial loss.
In order to determine a breach of the duty of care, the court needs to follow the principles
1 The “Principle of foreseeability” that is the court must evaluating a risk factor on the basis of losses taken place by the defaulting party.
2 The “Principle of Reasonableness” that is defendant failed to exercise the application of reasonable in duty of care.
Therefore, according to present problem, the court shall consider the above stated factors while deciding the potential civil liability of the R&G Company.
RI Bob, Tricker, and Robert Ian Tricker, Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. (Oxford University Press, USA, 2015) 632
Cases
Arrowhead Capital Finance Ltd (in liquidation) v KPMG LLP [2012] EWCH 1801 (Comm)
Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd v. Riche (1875) L.R. 7 H.L. 653
Christopher Dixon & EFI Loughton Ltd v Blindley Heath Investments Limited & Others [2015] EWCA Civ 1023
Daniels v Anderson (1995) 37 NSWLR 438
Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Clark [2003] NSWCA 91
Diggle v The London and Blackwall Railway Co (1850) 3 Ex 442 [155 ER 193]
Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100
Hedley Byrne & Co. Ltd. V. Heller and Partners Ltd. (1964) A.C.465
J Wright Enterprise Pty Ltd v Port Ballidu Pty Ltd [2010] QSC 213
Mobileciti Pty Ltd v Vodafone Pty Ltd [2009] NSWSC 899
Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) Australian Tort Law.
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