International Relations serve as one of the broadest purposes in the contemporary society. It is basically a wide range of theories that includes various problems or issues that occur throughout the world politics. The emergence of the topic of liberal internationalism and institutionalism as the major alternatives towards the concept of realism in the international relations theory (IR) theory has furthermore resulted in questioning the validity of the concept of liberal institutionalism as one of the real alternatives to the concept of realism (Ikenberry, Parmar and Stokes 2018).
The concept of liberal institutionalism argues mainly that importance needs to be given on the international organizations and the global governance since it is one of the effective ways for the explanation of the international relations. It is basically a set of concepts towards the organization of the international relations among states and the non-states that emphasizes the belief of international progress, co-operation, multilateralism and interdependence for the organizations and the structures of international politics (Heraclides and Dialla 2017). The assignment illustrates the basic theoretical structure of the theory of international relations and furthermore highlights the possible areas of strength and weakness of the approach.
Body
Some of the key concepts in the theory of international relations; the institutionalism and the internationalism are the emerging issues that furthermore pose as the dominant challenges towards the analysis of the affairs of the world. Liberalism, the word emphasizes a powerful approach among the period of wars. The main target of the concept of liberalism was to strengthen the co-operation in the international basis together with the successful prevention of the wars. Founded by Immanuel Kant, the theory of liberal internationalism explains that peace in the area of international filed is not at all neutral in nature (Jahn 2018). This theory arose from the classification that the existence of the wars has been due to the lack of any central authority for enforcing any rules.
The concept of liberal internationalism deals with both the co-operation of the interstate and the transboundary. It includes the notion of the maintenance of peace and the security among the liberal and the non-liberal states (Nau 2018). The main aim of the theory is to protect and promote the welfare of the individuals at the international level. Like all other relevant liberal theories, the theory of liberal Internationalism is an example of the humanitarian paradigm that initiates guidance of progression towards the freedom of the individual.
The theory in the current scenario is relevant to the theoretical paradigm and the customary international laws which are furthermore utilized to develop the potential of the liberal Internationalism. To summarize it is the doctrine arguing the intervention of the liberal states towards liberal objectives (Heraclides and Dialla 2017). Emerged during the nineteenth century, the theory of liberal internationalism targets to achieve the structure of the globe among the international systems to promote the order of the liberal world.
Liberal Internationalism is basically the theory of global politics based on the hope of diligence, universal ethics and reason. There are multiples factors of strengths or advantages of using this theory (Ozkan and Cetin 2016). One of the major applications of this theory to the world is that the world with liberal internationalism will become co-operative, ethical and orderly in nature. The theory is expected to bring harmony and the international war can thus be monitored by the successful implication of this theory by the nongovernmental organizations of the world.
Collective Security – One of the key strengths of the liberal internationalism of the international relations in the perspective of the world politics is the collective security. This is because collective security tends to replace the idea of a realist of self-help. According to researches, the theory of liberalism is primarily the theory of the government that seeks to reconcile security and equality among a particular community (Posner 2017). The theory of liberal internationalism believes in international co-operation as one of the best ways to great global harmony for the achievement of the collective harmony.
The strength or the advantages for the use of the theory lies in the assumption that the values and the norms of the universe will tend to triumph over the particular local contexts and the concept of contemporary liberalism. The collective security is one of the essential elements that are currently required in the world for the prevention of the world falling into the anarchism of the international context (Burley 2017). The theory acts as a strong pillar of strength to uphold the norm of human rights and democracy in the world. The context of the harmony of the co-operation of the international regimes can furthermore be developed and created by the United Nations for maintenance of peace and sorting out the disputes among the nations and the countries to promote positive liberalism.
Peace – Another important strength or the advantages of the theory of liberal internationalism is that it can be viewed as the ingredients towards peace since the history of liberalism (Mehta 2018). It has furthermore seen that the two liberal democracies have never gone to the war together respecting the level of co-operation and the balance of powers among them. The theory aims to hold a liberal perspective on the platform of world politics with the beliefs in the minimum rate of state intervention in the life of the people.
This is because it is basic or fundamental and it does not possess any of the risks of the violation or infringement on the human rights of the people (Duncombe and Dunne 2018). The theory furthermore strengthens in its perception of the preservation of the liberty of the individual like the right to freedom of free speech and the freedom to trade. The fundamental guideline that the theory adheres to tends to protect against all the attempts towards the enforcement of discrimination and violence and engages in the effective preservation of the liberties as the basis of the society.
Apart from the several factors of the advantages and strength of the theory, there lies some of the notable disadvantages or the weakness of the theoretical approach (Parmar 2018). One of the weaknesses of the theory of liberal internationalism is that democracies of the west explore to the other nations or the countries that are sometimes not willing to adopt.
The weakness of the theory of liberal internationalism is that they take into account the values of the western world like the free speech, the democracy, and the equality among the others. The missions and the values of the liberal and the democratic world undermine the practices and the traditions of the nonwestern cultures (Ikenberry, Parmar and Stokes 2018). According to multiple types of research, the theory of liberal internationalism aims to achieve the peace of the world by the co-operation on an international basis and by upholding of the civil liberties (Richmond 2016).
This is one of the major weaknesses of the liberal perspectives in the world of Liberal Internationalism. According to the researches, the concept and the approach operate with the target for the achievement of world peace which sometimes is mistaken by some of the countries of the globe as weaknesses who tries to exploit it. One of the major examples, in this regard, is the context of North Korea which tried to get concessions for avoiding and foregoing the nuclear weapons.
Another of the weakness of the theory is that it is too much dependable on the government, the system of bureaucracy and the high taxation schemes for effective solving of the problem and the major issues of the nations (Muralidhar 2016). Furthermore, the theory undermines the self-initiative that explains the spirit of liberalism and besides these lacks solid stances and defined directions. This is because according to the basic norms and belief of the liberalist, society is a constant source and state of growth and also of fluctuations.
Conclusion
The theory of liberal internationalism and its perspective on the world has both its strength and weakness. The theory tends to strengths out the ways of weakness since the concept of liberalism tends to influence the countries and the nations across the globe for the effective operation in the free market economies that have adapted to the globalization and integrated with the global economy. From the historical perspectives, the concept of liberal internationalism has been one of the prescriptive ideologies. Multiple scholars have concluded how the world has become interdependent due to the intensity of the transactions.
Once labeled as the complex interdependence, the theory of liberal internationalism is now mostly discussed with the concept of globalization. This has furthermore led to a major qualitative shift in the nature of the international system where the concept and the theoretical approach of liberal internationalism have been considered as a historical procedure rather than an ideal one.
References
Burley, A.M.S., 2017. International law and international relations theory: a dual agenda. In The Nature of International Law (pp. 11-46). Routledge.
Duncombe, C. and Dunne, T., 2018. After liberal world order. International Affairs, 94(1), pp.25-42.
Heraclides, A. and Dialla, A., 2017. Intervention and non-intervention in international political theory. In Humanitarian intervention in the long nineteenth century. Manchester University Press.
Ikenberry, G.J., Parmar, I. and Stokes, D., 2018. Introduction: Ordering the world? Liberal internationalism in theory and practice. International Affairs, 94(1), pp.1-5.
Jahn, B., 2018. Liberal internationalism: historical trajectory and current prospects. International Affairs, 94(1), pp.43-61.
Mehta, U.S., 2018. Liberalism and empire: A study in nineteenth-century British liberal thought. University of Chicago Press.
Muralidhar, S.H., 2016. Interwar internationalism: Origins and impact of a ‘Scientific’approach to the study of international relations. Journal of Politics and Governance, 5(3), pp.77-81.
Nau, H.R., 2018. Why “Conservative,” Not Liberal, Internationalism?. Orbis, 62(1), pp.22-29.
Ozkan, E. and Cetin, H.C., 2016. The Realist and Liberal Positions on the Role of International Organizations in Maintaining World Order. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 12(17).
Parmar, I., 2018. The US-led liberal order: imperialism by another name?. International Affairs, 94(1), pp.151-172.
Posner, E.A., 2017. Liberal Internationalism and the Populist Backlash. Ariz. St. LJ, 49, p.795.
Richmond, O.P., 2016. Peace in International Relations Theory. In The Palgrave Handbook of Disciplinary and Regional Approaches to Peace (pp. 57-68). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
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