Discuss about the Literature Review for Strategic Information System.
The notable entities which have been illustrated in this report include the evaluation of an organizational structure and the related operational disadvantages. Description of the method for system acquisition for the organization could be noted as a prominent highlight of the report. The assignment also reflects on the process of developing and adoption of packages of accounting software (Ali & Haslinda, 2014). Specific discussion on the market for Tricor Australia that has been selected for the report by referring to its capabilities as a known accounting enterprise in Australia reflects on the implications for market adaptability by implementing information systems (Boonstra, 2013).
The experience of Tricor has enabled it to acquire progressive growth in a minimal span of time thereby implying plausible inferences towards its capability to address a diverse assortment of business requirements placed by clients. The emphasis of the organization on addressing innovative as well as entrepreneurial business needs has also been noticed as promising indicator of the organization’s drive and passion for accomplishing competitive advantage.
Tricor Australia has depicted cognizable improvement in the market of technical and commercial accounting services and has acquired the reputation of a potential player in the industry. Requirement of financial consultancy services by CFOs of prominent organizations as well as SMEs is also identified as a rationale for the company’s consistent development.
The capabilities of Tricor in provision of professional accounting services has led to the formation of a reliable network of professionals in the domain of finance throughout Australia as well as other prominent locations around the world such as Malaysia, Indonesia, United Kingdom and Japan (Dance, 2016). The cross border operations of the organization are not limited to these countries alone and the strategic expansion initiatives have led to promising fulfilment of organizational needs as well as client requirement in every area served by Tricor Australia. The innovative measures of the organization have successfully induced favourable outcomes such as improvement of net worth of the company alongside improving the returns for clients of the organization (Dance, 2016).
Flat organizational structure can be assumed as the organization structure that can be observed in case of Tricor Australia. The organizational structure is characterized by the elimination of majority of roles and responsibilities of the middle management thereby leading to exclusion of a large share of functions of middle management. The elimination of notable functions of the middle management reflect on the reduction of gap between the top management and the ground level staff such as employees in the sales department, customers and staff working on the frontline (Farantos & Koutsoukis, 2016).
One of the profound advantages that can be obtained from the flat organizational structure refers to the breadth of the structure that facilitates noticeable reduction in response time of the organization. Response time could be defined from the perspective of variable customer preferences and conditions in the external environment (Haron, Sabri & Zolkarnain, 2013, November). The distinct domains of the accounting software package for Tricor Australia could therefore be associated with the single flat organizational structure with negligible indications of support for a hierarchical organizational structure.
The foremost entity supported by the domains of accounting software package of Tricor is the promotion of Group Policy development through integration of GPO in the computer units and users in context of the company (Hoque, Hossin & Khan, 2016). The implications of Group Policy suggest that it is invulnerable to the organizational structure alongside indicating that users could not perform activities such as WMI filtering and creation of custom GPOs. The organizational structure of Tricor can be utilized for assignment of policies within the group and ensure feasible resource management owing to the observation of a logical nature.
The observed flat organizational structure in case of Tricor Australia is capable of facilitating plausible advantages albeit with the concerns for specific issues and setbacks that can be observed in the operational aspects of the organization (Hovelja & Vasilecas, 2013). The management is always at the risk of losing control over operations in a flat organizational structure and in case of Tricor Australia, the massive scale of the flat organizational structure could be reflective of concerns for threat to the operational systems due to disparities in distribution of managers and employees (Josiah, 2013).
The management of the organization has to face considerable difficulties in terms of control due to lack of human capital for checking unrequited behaviour as well as support staff for following up on the decisions implemented by the senior management of Tricor. These implications could lead to formidable setbacks for the working relationships among individuals in a group leading to setbacks for management of human resources (Josiah, 2013). The management can face consider notable setbacks in context of personal interactions with employees.
The implications of the development of personal interactions of the management with employees can be observed in the maintenance of trust alongside ensuring accountability and responsibility among employees for their work as well as for maintaining their professional commitments to the organization (Kummer & Schmiedel, 2016). The management also faces noticeable limitations in the form of reduction in employee morale, authority issues, power struggles and ambiguities among employees pertaining to organization management. Employee retention can be a profound issue that can be observed in case of the flat organizational structure noticed in Tricor Australia.
The performance of employees in the organization has to be dependent on the precedents of searching consistently for cognizable improvements in the company profile apart from the improvement in their salaries are reflective of profound concerns for realizing job satisfaction (Lee, et al., 2015). Employees could face considerable inclinations towards acquiring job positions in other companies where they perceive higher recognition of their personal efforts and contributions to development of the organizational profile with the references to increment in pay raise as well as promotions assigned to them.
Flat organizational structure is accountable for potential setbacks for organizational growth and the crucial nature of change alongside the associated apprehensions can be major pitfalls for the company. The management of Tricor Australia can consider refraining from creative opportunities by inducing efforts for maintenance of organizational structure leading to reduction of prospects for the long term growth of the organization (Luse, et al., 2013). The flat organizational structure is also accountable for proliferation of unhealthy competition among employees thereby causing reduction in motivation of employees and increasing the confusion among employees.
The reasonable system acquisition method for Tricor Australia would be a custom developed software since the processing requirements in the organization are specific for the organization thereby requiring own application software. The custom development of the application software can be ensured through the programmers available with the company who can coordinate with the analysts in order to establish internal information technology framework that can support the development of software on custom basis (Rajendran, 2015). The organization could implement the services of a computer agency or software development organization for accomplishing this objective which seems irrational owing to the large magnitude of the organization and the availability of a full-time development team.
The final outcome of the development process is custom developed software that addresses the variable processing requirements of company and therefore suits the specific requirements of Tricor. The notable benefits that can be obtained from the custom developed software system acquisition method refer to fulfilment of the organizational requirements precisely and since costs of the system acquisition method would not bother Tricor due to global scale of operations, the system acquisition method provides viable implications towards cost effective solution for accounting information management.
The flowchart for an organization’s sales procedure (as shown in Appendix I) can be considered as a major requirement for the selling of products of Tricor Australia. Sale can be defined as the institution of a relationship between customer and vendor alongside promoting the completion of the prospective stage (Rasiah, 2014).
The providers of services and goods by utilizing the channel of salespersons the objective is accomplished by the completion of sales as a response to request, appropriation and acquisition initiatives for the organization (Ren, et al., 2015). The communication of product title and the relevance of the product price with the application features and the obligations that can be derived on behalf of seller for passing ownership.
The threats or setbacks that have been recognized in the organization’s systems are profoundly reflective of the threats to the data security of Tricor Australia. The threats posed by hacking and the varying insufficiencies in the hardware and information systems framework could lead to detrimental consequences such as theft of confidential data related to the organization and the information pertaining to employees. These implications could account for cognizable setbacks in the custom developed software system implemented by the organization.
The development of accounting system package and integrating them in the organizational framework are considered as imperative requirements for leveraging the advantages of accounting information systems for Tricor Australia. The necessity of technical support is crucial for the organization to capitalize on the prominent advantages of the accounting information systems which can be observed in the support facilitated by the Internet across varying telecom installations. The internet has become a common substrate for varying information networks and hence it indicates profound requirement for adoption in context of implementation of accounting software packages (Wali, Sadq & Rasheed, 2016).
Human resource management functions also require promising developments in the diverse sectors of training, computer centres, technical skills and accounting and should be facilitated to the staff at all times (Rajendran, 2015). The prominent insufficiencies in the domain of design, utilization and development of IT and accounting information systems could be derived from the lack of a functional accounting software package. Human resource can be considered as the primary entity which could dictate the operational efficiency of the computerized custom accounting software package.
Therefore the software package presents promising implications towards the requirement of workforce involvement in the management of the software. Tricor Australia has noticeable competences in terms of technology based innovation that leads to adoption of computerized accounting system. The adoption of computerized accounting software reflects on the increment in organizational efficiency through reduction in delivery time and pricing for products and services alongside inducing operational development initiatives.
The distribution of accounting software packages in diverse markets has depicted considerable change over the period of last 10 years indicating drastic modifications from country to country (Kummer & Schmiedel, 2016). Existing market size for the accounting software packages reserves approximately 65% of total market share. However, the significance of market share in determining efficiency of accounting software packages can be undermined on the grounds of subjective nature of market share.
The tax and audit services provided by the accounting software package can be considered as credible source of revenue owing to the independence of their demand from economic conditions. Accounting software packages are noticed for providing advisory services through incorporation of innovative technology such as data analytics and cloud computing services.
Presently the Australian accounting software industry is dominated by names such as Xero, Intuit and MyOB leading to prominent levels of competition. The requirements for monitoring accounts and maintaining them flexibly could be imperatively observed in the case of every organization and hence the need for clipping off the conventional accounting frameworks and physical maintenance of accounting records became prominent. Therefore accounting software packages became highly popular in the Australian market in order to fulfil the above mentioned requirements.
Adoption of accounting software packages is largely associated with the objectives for reducing tiresome paperwork that can lead to concerns for omission and commission as well as intensive use of time and financial resources. One of the profound challenges faced by companies in case of adoption refers to the lack of autonomy among various business units which leads to pressure on the accounting department for reviewing the accounting reports of other departments alongside removing any superfluous additions, inappropriate formats and duplication . The control of data security could be facilitated by the approach for information centric security alongside protection of cloud data leading to acquisition of competitive advantage for Tricor (Farantos & Koutsoukis, 2016).
Presently, customers of accounting software packages depict profound gaps and challenges such as weak reporting framework, outdated modules, and security threats, lack of features and accuracy, higher costs, lack of efficiency, access of foreign parties to the software. The accessibility of data is also a profound concern of system users since input of data is easily possible whereas extracting data could not be as flexible which invites concerns from application developers to make the software accessible and friendly for end users of the software (Kummer & Schmiedel, 2016).
Conclusion:
The report presented a comprehensive literature review pertaining to the application of accounting software packages in context of a selected company, Tricor Australia. The report emphasized on limitations placed by organizational structure and the concerns of varying scales of operations of companies. Other noticeable highlights of the review are directed towards the concerns for data security in the information systems alongside accessibility of data for end users.
References
Ali, R. M., & Haslinda, R. (2014). The impact of culture on strategic information systems planning: a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business Information Systems at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University).
Boonstra, A. (2013). How do top managers support strategic information system projects and why do they sometimes withhold this support?. International Journal of Project Management, 31(4), 498-512.
Dance, S. G. (2016). InfoPreneurs: the hidden people who drive strategic information systems. Springer.
Farantos, G. I., & Koutsoukis, N. S. (2016). Strategic Information Systems Planning Of Public Sector In Economic Crisis: An Integrated Framework. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 12(19).
Haron, H., Sabri, S. M., & Zolkarnain, Z. N. (2013, November). A situational analysis of Strategic Information System Planning in the context of a Malaysian SME. In Research and Innovation in Information Systems (ICRIIS), 2013 International Conference on (pp. 539-543). IEEE.
Hoque, M. R., Hossin, M. E., & Khan, W. (2016). Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) Practices In Health Care Sectors Of Bangladesh. European Scientific Journal, 12(6).
Hovelja, T., & Vasilecas, O. (2013). A model of influences of environmental stakeholders on strategic information systems planning success in an enterprise. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 19(3), 465-488.
Josiah, A. (2013). Business leverages on strategic information systems in Nigeria. International Journal of Learning and Development, 3(1), 212-220.
Kandjani, H., Mohtarami, A., Taghva, M. R., & Andargoli, A. E. (2014). Classification and comparison of strategic information systems planning methodologies: a conceptual framework. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems (IJEIS), 10(1), 1-10.
Kummer, T. F., & Schmiedel, T. (2016). Reviewing the role of culture in strategic information systems research: a call for prescriptive theorizing on culture management. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 38(1), 5.
Lee, T., Ghapanchi, A. H., Talaei-Khoei, A., & Ray, P. (2015). Strategic Information System Planning in Healthcare Organizations. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing (JOEUC), 27(2), 1-31.
Luse, A., Mennecke, B., Townsend, A., & Demarie, S. (2013). Strategic information systems security: definition and theoretical model.
Rajendran, R. (2015). Influence of Information Systems Strategic Orientation on SMEs’ Perception of Export Barriers [dagger]. South Asian Journal of Management, 22(2), 119.
Rasiah, R. (2014). Book Review: Social Sciences and Knowledge in a Globalising World, edited by Zawawi Ibrahim, Petaling Jaya: Malaysian Social Science Association and Strategic Information and Research Centre, 2012, 499 pp. Institutions and Economies (formerly known as International Journal of Institutions and Economies), 6(2), 137-140.
Ren, G., Huang, Z., Lu, L., Hua, J., & Wang, J. (2015). Method of generating strategic guidance information for driving evacuation flows to approach safety-based system optimal dynamic flows: Case study of a large stadium. Journal of Systems Science and Complexity, 28(3), 606-622.
Wali, A. I., Sadq, Z. M., & Rasheed, J. S. (2016). The Role of Strategic Information System Characteristics on Customer Service Quality (An Empirical Study at Soran and Sardam Private Hospitals in Iraqi Kurdistan Region Erbil City). International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS)? ISSN 2356-5926, 3(2), 1778-1790.
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