According to Adeniran, Nubi and Adelopo (2017), plastic Pollution is the gathering of plastic objects and particles in the environment of the earth that disturbs both the wildlife as well as humans. The plastics are very much low-priced as well as long-lasting, and as a result, the stages of the creation of the plastic are very much high. However, the organic arrangement of the plastics makes them unaffected to various number of ordinary courses of degradation. This is one of the reasons for which the process of their degradation is very much slow. Researches indicate that 38 million of plastic are being produced every year. The Pollution which is being caused by the plastics afflicts the land, waterways, and the oceans. Estimation can be made that 1.1 to 8.8 billion tones of plastics enter the ocean each year. It is a cause of huge danger to living organisms, especially marine animals, as they can suffer from entanglement in plastic objects. The humans suffer fork the disruption of the various hormonal mechanisms. It is, therefore, very significant to comprehend the importance of the controlling the solid waste like that of the plastic. The main purpose of the paper is to comprehend the prominence of the waste management of plastic.
According to Alassali, Fiore, and Kuchta (2018), waste management includes the activities as well as the actions which are required in order to manage the waste from the time of its commencement to its final disposal. The process tends to involve the collection, transport, treatment as well as of the disposal of the waste. He further argues the fact that the process of the management includes the examination as well as the ruling of the waste management process. According to Alla, Ahmed & Abdalla, (2014), waste can be of various types. He denotes the fact that the structure of the waste can be both solid, liquid, and that of the gas. However, the management of the waste deals with all kinds of waste irrespective of its origin and type, like industrial waste, biological waste, and the waste that are originated from the household. Researches show that waste can have a huge impact on the lives of individuals. Therefore, the management of waste has been initiated in order to diminish the negative impact that the waste has upon the lives of the individuals, on the environment, as well as on the aesthetics. According to Al-Salem et al (2017), recycling or the management of plastic is one of the significant parts of the process of waste management. He further states that plastic reutilizing is the process of recycling the straps of plastic waste. The process of plastic recycling or that of plastic management also includes the reprocessing of the materials into that of the useful products (Singh and Sharma, 2016).
Al-Salem, Evangelisti & Lettieri (2014), indicates the fact that plastic waste is one of the significant global problems. Various researches that have been done in this field tend to indicate the fact that the utilization of plastic has increased since the time of the 1960s. It has resulted in an increase in the garbage, which is made of plastic by the rate of one percent as well. According to Baechler, DeVuono and Pearce (2013), while the utilization as well as on the consumption of the plastic is extremely high, the various number of doubts which are connected to that of the reuse, recycling as well as of the disposal of the waste are extremely high as well. Researches indicate the fact that the complications such as the enhancing number of the additives to the plastics like the strength, texture, flexibility, color, resistance to the microbes as well as the other features of the plastic prevent the plastic from being less recyclable (Saleem et al., 2015). Researches show that some plastic tends to have very little market value, which makes the municipalities’ to a landfill or incinerate the plastic as the waste. According to the data collected by the EPA in the year of 2011, only eight percent of the plastic materials were being recovered through the process of recycling (Sevigné-Itoiz et al., 2015).
Recycling plastics is a very significant step in the procedure of waste management. According to Bing et al (2014), with the progression of technology, it can be expected that more amount of plastic waste can be recycled. It is to be noted that the disposal of the waste can reduce the cost as well as the concerns of the environment across the world. One of the important advantages of the management of waste is that it helps in dropping the use of natural resources. Researches reveal that reprocessing the plastics helps in lessening the need to make more plastics. On the other hand, if the residential, as well as the commercial properties, take up as their duty to reprocess their plastics, the need for the ordinary possessions as well of the energy gets reduced automatically. On the other hand, it is to be noted that this reduction will help in the reduction of the great stages of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Researches show that a huge period of time is required by the plastics in order to break down fully irrespective of its location. If the customers reduce as well as recycle the plastics, they will be able to save a momentous quantity of landfill space, which is meant for the other recyclable resources. According to Briassoulis et al (2013), recycling one ton of the plastic can result in the saving of the seven cubic yards of the landfill spaces. He further states recycling of the one plastic itself saves from harming the environment. It even saves the landfill spaces from getting overfilled uselessly. Chavan (2013), argues the fact that management of the plastic or the recycling of the plastics is considered to be a useful method because it can be utilized rather than ending up that in the landfall. Researches show that recycled plastics can be utilized to create items such as the bottles of the shampoo, oil funnels, floor tiles, and even traffic cones. However, there are various innovative ways in order to recycle plastics, for example. The recycled plastics can be utilized for the creation of the decks, sports clothing, interiors of vehicles, and various other produce as well.
According to Delva et al (2018), recycling of plastics is one of the significant ways of managing waste like plastic. He further argues the fact that there are two ways in which the plastic can be recycled, which are mechanical recycling and that of chemical recycling. In the process of the mechanical recycling, the plastic is being eroded, grounded into powers and even melted on the other hand, in the process of the biological reprocessing the plastic is being fragmented down into the basic constituents. Researches c the fact that the plastics are beings organized according to their resin before the process of recycling. In the earlier days, the resin identification code was being utilized by the reclaimers. It is the process that involves the classification of the polymer type, which was being advanced by the culture of the plastics business in the year of 1988. Horodytska, Valdés, and Fullana (2018) denote the fact that the polyethylene terephthalate, which is generally known as the PET, has the resin code of 1. Researches indicate the fact that in the present context, the plastic retainers do not depend upon the RIC. Various systems of the sorting are being utilized to identify the resin, which tends to range from the manual sorting and that of the picking up of the plastic materials in order to mechanize the processes of the automation. It eventually incorporates the process of the shredding, sieving, separation conducted by the rates of the density as well as some of the complex spectrophotometric distribution technologies like the laser. Researches also convey the fact that some of the plastic products are separated through the use of the color before they are being recycled. It is to be noted that after sorting for the process of mechanical recycling, the shredding of the plastic recyclables is being conducted. After these, these shredded fragments then goes through the procedures in order to eradicate the filths like the paper labels. The substantial is then liquefied and frequently extruded into the procedure of the pellets, which are later utilized for creation the other forms of the product. According to Jambeck et al (2015), the highest quality of distillation can be referred to as the process of restoration as well. Janajreh, Alshrah, and Zamzam (2015), argues the fact the process of heat compression is another sign that is being utilized for the purpose of the recycling of the plastics. The process of the heat compression takes all the unsorted as well as the uncleaned plastics in all their respective forms from the soft plastics bags to that of the hard industrial waste. The process then involves the mixing of the tumblers. One of the advantages of the utilization of this method is that this process helps in the recycling of all the types of plastics and not the specific forms (Siddiqui and Pandey, 2013). However, this process is also being criticized by many for the energy cost of rotating the drums as well as of the heating of the post-melt pipes. Another process which is very much significant in context to chemical recycling is that of chemical recycling. According To Huysman et al (2015), it is possible for some of the polymers to change back into that of the monomers. One such example is that in order to form the dialkyl terephthalate, the PET can be treated with the alcohol as well as with the catalyst. On the other hand, the terephthalate diester can be utilized with that of the ethylene glycol in order to custom the new form of the polyester polymer. It thus helps in the making of the new form of the polymer again. In the year of 2019, the announcement was being made by the Eastman Chemical Company that they are going to take initiatives for the methanolysis of the polyesters as well as of the polymer gasification to that of the syngas. Jassim (2017), argues the fact that it was designed to handle a huge variety of materials which are already being used. Researches show the fact that in the United States in the year of 2019, Brightmark Energy began to create a facility in order to change 100,000 tons of the mixed amount of the plastic into that of the diesel. Apart from this, researches show that the company even plans to extend their plans into building up of another plant which will eventually help in processing an further 800,000 tons of the plastics every year. The company reports the fact that finance has a major margin of safety from the decline in the price.
The recycling rate of the post-consumer plastic has increased since the time 1990. However, it should take into consideration because the rate of recycling is very less in comparison to the other products which are being recycled. Researches show that the rate of recycling of the newspapers was about 80 percent, whereas, on the other hand, the rate of recycling of the fiberboard was about 70 percent. According to Kumar and Baskar (2015), as per the reports of 2008, out of 33.6 million tons of post-consumer plastic waste, 2.2 million tons were being recycled, 2.6 million tons were being burned for energy. He further reports that 28.9 million tons were being rejected in landfills. Researches show that as per the report of 2015, 6.3 billion tons to plastic were being generated, whereas on the other hand, 9 percent of the waste was being recycled, and 79 percent of it was being assembled in the landfills. However, the reports of the year 2016 show that only 14 percent of the waste was being recycled across the globe. Research done by EPA reports the fact that the rate of recycling of the plastics was about 9.1 percent in the year of 2015. However, the research also indicates the fact that the rate of the recycling of a certain number of products like the PET bottles and jar was much higher in comparison to the other forms of plastic with an average rate of 29.9 percent, respectively. However, it is to be noted that the recycling rates of these products are still very much lower in comparison to the recycling rate of the steel cans, which was about 71.3 percent in the year of 2015. According to Lamb et al (2018), the rate of plastic waste utilization in Japan was about 39 percent in the year 1996. However, he further argues that the rate of the utilization of the plastic waste in Japan has been increasing since the passing of the years with 73 percent in the year of 2006, 77 percent in the year 2011 and 83 percent in the year of 2014 and 86 percent in the year of 2017 (Ruj et al.,2015).
Plastic Pollution has been a global issue (Rokdey, Naktode and Nikha, 2015). According to the research that is being conducted by the Ocean Conservancy, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines dumps more plastic in the sea in comparison to the other countries in the world. The research that is being done by the Scientific American reports the fact that China dumps around 30 percent of the plastics in the ocean, shadowed by Indonesia Philippines, Vietnam, Srilanka, Thailand, Egypt, Malaysia, Nigeria, and Bangladesh. According to Lanorte et al (2017), in the year of 2015, 34.5 million tons of plastic were being produced by the United States, which constitutes about 13 percent of the total quantity of waste. However, it is to be noted that only 9 percent of the waste was being recycled. Reports claim that the low rates of the recycling of the national plastics are mainly because of the difficulty of cataloging and processing, unfavorable economics. Lebreton et al (2017) argue over the fact that the lower rate of the recycling of the plastic is also mainly because of the confusion that prevails within the mind of the individuals about the plastics which can and cannot be recycled. One of the major cause of the confusion is mainly because of the resin identification code which is mainly found on the subsection of the goods of the plastic it is to be noted that the resin identification code is being engraved or published on the end of the vessels and are mainly enclosed by the triangles of the arrows. Li, Wu & Xu (2015) argue the fact that the main purpose that lies behind the symbol was to make the customers identify the type of plastics which are being utilized in order to make the particular container. He further suggests the fact that such symbols also help in indicating that the plastics are capable of recycling or not. However, the query that rests unanswered is which type of plastic can be recycled by the local recycling centers. However, it is to be noted that not all kinds of plastics are being recycled in many communities because of the high cost that is needed for processing. Milios et al (2018), argues the fact that another reason for which all the kinds of plastics are not being recycled because of the complexity of the apparatus that is required in order to recycle certain materials. A various survey that has been done also indicates the fact that the expense to recycle a certain number of the materials, as well as the consistent market price for those materials, does not provide the basis for income. One instance of such material is the Polystrene, which is generally known as the Styrofoam. However, there are certain groups like the Brookline and Massachusetts, which are moving towards proscription the distribution of the polystyrene containers which are being utilized by the local food as well as of the local businesses.
A report was being published in the year 2019 about plastic and climate. It says the fact that the making and burning of plastic will add a green house in the equal of 850 million tonnes of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. As per the trends of the present scenario, it is being assumed that the annual productions from these bases will propagate to 1.34 billion tones by the year 2030. Reports suggest that by the year 2050, emission from the plastic will be about 56 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases, which is about 14 percent of the remaining carbon budget of the earth. Miandad et al (2017), argue the fact that by the year 2100, it will be emitting about 260 billion tones, which is more than half of the carbon budget. Researches suggest the emissions will be mainly from the production, transportation, incineration along with the releases from the methane ass well as from the effects of the phytoplankton.
According to Miandad et al (2016), various efforts are being made in order to reduce the utilization of the plastics and for the promotion of plastic recycling. Researches show that initiatives have been taken by some of the supermarkets as well in order to prevent the growing utilization of the plastics. They have started to charge for the plastics from the customers in order to prevent its utilization. They have even started to use refillable or biodegradable materials in place of the plastics. Putri (2018), argues the fact a ban has been imposed by some of the communities and businesses against the most generally utilized plastic items like bottled water and that of the plastic bags.
Awareness among the public is also very significant for the management of the plastics. In the year of 2019, the network of the Earth day joined with the Keep America Beautiful and the National Cleanup Day for the clean up of the plastics. The initiatives were being taken in 50 states, 5 territories of the Us, and 5300 sites. Reports claim that there were more than 500,000 active volunteers for the program. It is to be noted that the earth day of the year 2020 will be 50th anniversary of the earth day. In order to celebrate, some of the initiatives that will be taken are the great global cleanup, citizen science, advocacy, education, and art. According to Miezah et al (2015), The aim of the 50th anniversary of the earth day will be to instruct and assemble more than one billion people to nurture and even backing the next generation of eco-friendly campaigners. However, the major attention will be put on that of plastic waste. On the other hand, 5th June is being celebrated as the World Environmental Day in order to increase awareness among the people as well as increase the action of the government on the issue of Pollution. Researches show that India was the host of the 43rd world environmental day, where the theme of the program was the beating of Plastic Pollution. The main focus of the program was on the plastics, which can be just used once and that of the disposable plastics. According to Patni (2013), the ministry of the environment forest and climate change requested the individuals to take care of social accountability. They even asked them to take up good green deeds on a daily basis on their respective lives. He further argues that several states presented the plans in order to ban the plastic as well as reduce the use of the plastic as well. It is to be noted that with the main purpose of creating awareness, the Garbage Patch State at the Unesco was being founded by Maria Cristina Finucci.
Various countries have taken up initiates for the purpose of waste management. According to Pivnenko et al (2016), a directive was being adopted by the European Union, which aims at the reduction of the consumption of the single-use plastics per person. Additionally, in the year of 2019, the law was being formulated by the European Union against the use of all the single-use plastics with the exception of the bottles. Patni et al (2013), reports that in the year of 2020, a plan was being published by China to decrease 30 percentage of the plastic waste in the upcoming five years. In order to make the plan successful, the single-use plastics, as well as the straws, were being banned in China. Initiatives were also taken by India for the purpose of the management of plastic waste. Milios et al (2018), denotes the fact that the administration of India has demanded various subdivisions of the government to evade the utilization of the plastic bottles during their meetings. The state of the Sikkim has constrained the utilization of the plastic water bottles as well as the products which are made up of the Styrofoam products. Researches show that Albania is the very first nation in Europe to ban lightweight plastic bags. Ragaert, Delva & Van Geem (2017) , report the fact that two sisters, Metali and Isabel Wijsen have given various struggles to ban the utilization of the plastics in Bali. Bye-Bye plastic bags is the name of the organization in which they work. The researches indicate the fact that the organization has feast to 28 different locations across the world. Washington University in St Louis was the first university in the United States to ban the sales of the plastic as well as the single-use water bottles. In the year of 2009, it was being noted by the District of Columbia to take an additional five percent of the money for the usage of plastic bags. Research reports that in the year of 2011 and 2013, Kauai, Maui, and the Hawai prohibited the plastic bags, which were non-bio degradable at the checkouts. It even prohibited the paper bags, which contained less than 40 percent of the recycled material. Pivnenko et al (2016) , claim that Honululu was the last major country that approved the ban. In the year 2019, the New York State debarred the single use of the plastic bags and even announced the concept of the five percent fee for the utilization of the single-use paper bags. The ban will be working with the greater force since the time of 2020. Rochman et al. (2013) , assumes the fact that it will not only reduce the usage of the plastic bags in the NewYork State but also help in eliminating the 12 million barrels of the oil which are being used to make the plastic bags by every state in every year. Researches show that the Giant Eagle Retailer is the first US retailer that promised of entirely removing the utilization of the plastics by the year of 2025. The first initiative of the stop using the utilization of the plastic bags was implemented on 15th January, 2020. According to 88, in the year of 2019, a pledge was being taken by the Iceland supermarket to eliminate or reduce drastically all the packaging, which is made up of plastics for the products of the store by the year 2023. Researches show that until the year 2020, 104 communities were able to achieve the title of being plastic-free in the United Kingdom. Bt (2016) points out the fact that after a petition being signed by the two school girls Ella and Caitlin, the pledge was taken up by the Burger King and the Mc Donald in the United Kingdom and Ireland against the utilization of the plastic bags. A pledge was also being taken by the Mc Donalds to use a proper wrap for its meals. He further argues that it is being assumed that the change is likely to take place from the month of March of the year 2020. On the other hand, it is being argued by Rigamonti et al (2014) that Kenya was the harshest country that imposed a strict punishment upon the ones who utilized the plastic bags. Researches show that the country imposed fine of about $38,000 and even four years of jail upon those who were caught in producing, selling, or even using the plastic bags. In the year of 2018, the restriction was being imposed upon by Taiwan upon the single-use plastic cups, bags, and utensils. Putri, Fujimori, and Takaoka (2018), argues that the prohibition will also incorporate an additional charge for the plastic bags and they will even update their regulation of recycling by the time of 2030.
In conclusion, it can be noted that the plastic is a significant source of Pollution. It is a source of huge danger to the environment, wildlife, and humans. The process of the waste management of the plastic can help to reduce the cost as well as the environmental concerns across the world. Plastic is very significant biodegradable since it can disturb the atmosphere negatively. Therefore recycling as well as the accountable waste
Management can help in redecorate the surrounding. Initiatives must remain taken form the government as well as from each individual in order to prevent the pollution caused by the plastic in the future.
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