A model is a simplified representation of a system at some particular point in time or space intended to promote understanding of the real system. Simulation is an imitation of some real thing, state of affairs, or process. The act of simulating something generally entails representing certain key characteristics or behaviours of a selected physical or abstract system. Feedback is a process whereby some proportion of the output signal of a system is passed (fed back) to the input.
This is often used to control the dynamic behaviour of the system.
Examples of feedback can be found in most complex systems, such as engineering, architecture, economics, thermodynamics, and biology. It is both a mechanism, process and signal that is looped back to control a system within itself. This loop is called the feedback loop. A control system usually has input and output to the system; when the output of the system is fed back into the system as part of its input, it is called the “feedback.
An error is very hard to correct if we don’t suspect there was a mistake. Often we make an incorrect assumption without realizing we made it, and then draw other false conclusions based on this false assumption. One area where this happens frequently is in finding errors in computer programs. An assumption that we probably all make sometimes is that what we read in the newspaper or see on television news is true. Sometimes newspaper or television will mass reproduce the news that is untrue which is known as the propaganda.
For example in my country, the political is divided into two parties Nationalist Party and Democratic Party. Since the nationalist party trying to suppress the other parties they would use the newspapers, televisions to produce fake information. Some people would make believe the information and make false assumptions since most of the media is presenting the information although the information is not true. It probably never occurred to most people at the time that this fact was in doubt.
Unfortunately this was an assumption that had practical repercussions for most of us. Magicians deliberately make use of people’s assumptions to make their tricks impressive. One of the most impressive tricks is when a magician asks to see someone’s watch, holds it up by the strap, and announces “it now says the correct time, 8:10 PM”, and then hands it back to the owner. After doing some deep mental concentration, he announces that he has made the hands move forward. He asks the owner to read the time, which now says 9:30 PM. What happened?
Actually the magician spun the hands forward before holding it up and announcing the time. Almost everyone in the audience assumes that the time read out loud by the magician was correct, and so they are mystified because there was no opportunity for the magician to influence the watch after the announcement. It is nearly impossible to avoid making assumptions which may occasionally be wrong. Our brain has to constantly make assumptions if we are going to respond to what is going on around us in a timely manner, and, of course, most of the assumptions are right.
We should be aware, however, that we will occasionally be fooled, and we should be careful for those occasions. Extent and Simplification of Reality Simplification of reality is intended to promote understanding of something complicated. It doesn’t always have to be complicated, but most of the times it is. Hence, it has to be “simplified. ” Without simplifying reality or “creating models”, some things would be impossible to understand. The extent of this issue is quite huge actually.
Models are seen everywhere in today’s world. Life is actually quite unimaginable without models. Perhaps, one of the biggest models used and seen in today’s world is a MAP. We see maps all over Tokyo. Maps of subways, maps of JR train lines, maps of a particular area etc. Maps are all over the place and I for one couldn’t live without one. Google Earth has greatly advanced the way we use maps and by using a model or by “simplifying Earth” they have allowed people to look at their homes through satellite view!
Extent of map usage is really huge, especially for foreign tourists. I remember when I went to visit London, people were walking around with maps all over the place and they would have been really lost if there hadn’t been maps to “simplify reality. ” We use models everyday in school and they are mainly used to learn. Just like the extent of it, their effect is great too especially for students. For example, understand economics would have been really hard without the PPF (Production Possibility Frontier) model and the circular flow diagram.
Both of these models “simplify reality” and explain how an economy takes its decisions and how money flows in an economy, respectively. Models are used in other subjects too for instance periodic table in chemistry and geometry! And of course, we can’t forget the maps in geography. Therefore, simplification of reality is a must since understanding certain things at full scale would be impossible. There is one problem though – details are left out when simplifying reality. However, the advantages greatly outweigh the disadvantages and hence extent of simplification of reality is huge in today’s world.
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