Safety in the organizations is easy as the firm just needs to manage that no one gets hurt at their workplace. Yet it is actually a lot harder to achieve and sustain the performance of safety (Trucco, 2016).
Hudson Model
Hudson in the year 2001 claimed a safety culture maturity model which is formulated on one of the models which was actually incepted by Westrum in the year 1993 for developing the safety culture from the initial stages via idealistic end stage known as Generative. There are also two added levels in it which are known as Reactive and Proactive that were first proposed by reason in 1997. They were considered as the extensions of West Rum’s real typology. This model was extended till 5 stages in the continuous sequence and later replaced the bureaucratic label with calculative (Flightsafety, 2017).
There is the description of every stage of the evaluation of safety culture as claimed by Hudson in 2003. They are as follows:
Principles of OHS
There are several principles of Health and Safety. The ACT in 2004 varied for including these principles. They are as follows:
Approaches
Source: (Google, 2018).
Plan: The approach A+ starts with the Plan step which is known as analyse. This is the step in which the needs of the student are analysed by monitoring the range of availability of data in Pearl River’s electronic data warehouse from the grades till performance in tests.
Do: This phase has two steps:
Check: This step is known as assess. The assessments, whether formal or informal, takes place in a continuous manner from the teacher dipstick assessments up to a progress of every six weeks reports to per annum standardized tests.
Act: In this simple step which is known as Standardize, the objectives are accomplished when the curriculum teaching ways and design are taken to be as standardized (Muttu, 2016).
Safety management systems are interrelated with the safety culture and also with continual improvement. The safety management systems are made for people to be safe and be healthy. These systems ensure that people are safe at their workplace and they have no danger related to their health. Imbibing the culture of safety will always make people follow it with compliance or if it is any sort of rule. And to imbibe the culture in any workplace to ensure health and safety, one has to continually improve the trends and measures of health and safety. The firms too, take this seriously when any of the incidents happens. Else the firms also neglect the responsibility of people being safe where they work. Hence, for maintaining the health and safety management systems, one has to link it with the safety culture as well as continuous improvement (Cooper, 2001).
Hudson Model in Safety Management
When Hudson focused on the significance of culture, he meant more visits to the opera house or art galleries. The culture of the firm and accidents are completely related and Hudson says that in the end it is the severity and the frequency of the accidents which reflects the culture of the organization. He then defined the set of aspects for determining the behaviors of different people (RMIT, 2014).
According to Hudson, there were five aspects in safety culture. They are: Leadership, Respect, mindfulness, just and fair and learning. Hudson described the five stages of his maturity model in which there are levels of safety from the worst to the best.
In the first stage i.e. pathological stage, the management has this belief that the accidents are caused by being stupid, not attentive and also when people are not willing to be safe as employees (Önen, 2016).
The second stage i.e. reactive stage is that where the safety becomes the priority after the accident happens. This is just the temporary stage for pathological firm and else it can grow into becoming the calculative stage when the firm puts the safety processes and systems in operation.
The firms which are calculative can run the risk of carving the way through the motions of safety management as per Hudson.
From calculative stage to becoming proactive firms, it includes a transition of making the processes and also the systems which are in operation and also very effective. In this stage, the issues are foreseen even before when they did not occur.
After then comes the stage which is known as Generative, where all the elements come to fruition. Generative firms are considered as lunatics whom are running in the asylum but then not in negative sense. In this state, the awareness about the safety is spread all throughout the firm. Hence, the firms with the help of these five points can successfully climb the ladder of becoming a safe firm. But the huge issues that all the organizations can deal with are that they struggle on being at the border in amongst the calculative and the generative or proactive stage is success.
PDCA Cycle for Improvement in OHS
Plan: It is a 3-step procedure. First is to identify the issue and the second is to analyze the issue. The last step is growth of the experiment for testing it. There are a few things which are to be considered in the process (E, 2014).
Identification: the problem is right or not is the first thing. Then is that issue really important or can impact the firm is second. Can the issue affect the firm and if yes then what will be the probable effect of solving it?
Analysis:
Developing:
Do: It is the phase where there should be test done or certain transformations should be carried out. This can be done on small scale studies.
Small-scale experiments permit us to quickly adjust and learn as needed, and are typically economical to commence. Make sure that the performance is measured and data is collected necessary to make an evaluation later on.
Check
In this stage, experiment is reviewed, the results are analysed and identified regarding my learning. Consider the following questions:
Act
In this stage, take the actions which are based on what you have acquired in the study. If the transformation did not work, go through the cycle again with an altered strategy. If you were successful, integrate what you have acquired from the test into wider changes. New improvements would be planned and cycle would start again. If your plan has worked, the processes would be standardized and implemented throughout the business. During this phase of the PDCA cycle, you should ask the following questions:
Conclusion:
This report focusses on the occupational health and safety factors. There are models that can make a firm maintain the health and safety hazards. PCDA cycle as well as Hudson Model both are very efficient when it comes to occupational health and safety of any firms. This report focusses on such models.
References:
Cooper, D. (2001). Improving Safety Culture: A practical Guide. Retrieved August 10, 2018, from https://www.behavioral-safety.com/articles/Improving_safety_culture_a_practical_guide.pdf
Trucco, P. (2016). Towards the definition of an OHS Management Maturity Model and assessment tool. Retrieved August 12, 2018, from https://www.politesi.polimi.it/bitstream/10589/119847/1/2016_04_CHEN.pdf
Flightsafety. (2017). Safety in mind: Hudson’s culture ladder. Retrieved August 13, 2018, from https://www.flightsafetyaustralia.com/2017/08/safety-in-mind-hudsons-culture-ladder/
Caa. (2018). Safety Management and Safety Culture The Long, Hard and Winding Road. Retrieved August 13, 2018, from https://www.caa.lv/upload/userfiles/files/SMS/Read%20first%20quick%20overview/Hudson%20Long%20Hard%20Winding%20Road.pdf
Ohsrep. (2018). Objects & Principles. Retrieved August 13, 2018, from https://www.ohsrep.org.au/law-rights/ohs-legislation/the-ohs-act/objects-and-principles
Gov, L. (2013). Table of Contents | Print This Page Approaches for Improving Occupational Health and Safety. Retrieved August 13, 2013, from https://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/prevention/strategy/approach.php
Ilo. (2011). OSH Management System:. Retrieved August 13, 2018, from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_protect/—protrav/—safework/documents/publication/wcms_153930.pdf
Foster, P. (2013). The Safety Journey: Using a Safety Maturity Model for Safety Planning and Assurance in the UK Coal Mining Industry. Mineral, 3(1), 59-72.
Muttu, S. (2016). PDCA CYCLE. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 3(65).
E, G. (2014). The Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle of Value Addition. Industrial Engineering & Management, 3(1).
Chakraborty, A. (2016). Importance of PDCA cycle for SMEs. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 3(5).
RMIT. (2014). Health and Safety Culture. Retrieved August 12, 2018, from https://mams.rmit.edu.au/7mur1qlhj7v6.pdf
Önen, V. (2016). AVIATION SAFETY CULTURE MEASUREMENT MODEL FIT VALIDATION OF A SURVEY FOR THE AVIATION MAINTENANCE REPAIR ORGANIZATIONS. International Journal of Research, 4(3), 59-79.
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