Motivation in employees is considered as an important part of the organization. It is evaluated that the statement which is given by Rollinson states that Motivation is the process that induces the individual to conduct the activities in such a manner that overall goals and objectives can be attained. Also, an individual chooses to conduct the activities with dedication and persistence when proper motivation is given. It is stated that leaders have the responsibility to give motivation to its employees and it is like a medicine that is given to the employees who are conducting their routine activities (Lazaroiu, 2015). The statement given by the Rollinson is justified and the theories will be discussed in the paper by taking into consideration the statement.
In the first phase of the paper, the discussion will be made on motivation. In this paper, there are many motivational theories that are taken into consideration like Maslow hierarchy of needs, Herzberg theory, Expectancy theory, Alderfer’s ERG Theory and Smart goal theory. Also, the discussion is made on how to manage the employees within the organization. It is important to manage the employees of the organization as it helps to enhance the productivity and profitability of the organization. If the employees of the organization are managed in a proper manner then it can be easy to accomplish overall goals and objectives.
It is seen that employees can only be encouraged for productive performance by taking into consideration the technique of motivation. In the present scenario, it is analyzed that the theories that are taken into consideration by the organization play a great role to conduct the routine activities of the company in a smooth manner (Miner, 2015). Productive performance is important as it helps the company to enhance the sale and profitability in an effective manner (Lazaroiu, 2015). Motivation is related to the external and internal factor that helps to induce energy and desire in an individual and also enhances the level of commitment towards the job or is related to the individual who make efforts to achieve goals and objectives (Adriaenssen, Johannessen & Johannessen, 2017). Motivation takes into consideration both conscious and unconscious factors like need and incentive value of the goals. These are the major factors due to which an individual behave in a certain manner. For example: If a student wants a good grade in examination then he or she will spend more time on their studies.
There are many theories related to motivation. In this essay, the theories of motivation and also factors that should be considered to manage people within the organization will be discussed in the next phase of the paper. To achieve positive outcomes it is important for the managers to emphasize on various tactics for managing groups and the structure of compensation. It is evaluated that managers take into consideration motivational theories so that productivity and performance level of the employees can be enhanced (Kuppuswamy, Saminathan, Udhayakumar, Vigneash & Gopalakrishnan, 2017). Profitability can only be increased by the organization if efficient employees are hired to conduct the day to day activities. It is important for the managers to enhance the motivation level of the employees because if motivation is enhanced then only the overall targets will be achieved. It is also evaluated that competition level is increasing day by day. So it is important to maintain the activities of the organization so that competitive advantage can be achieved effectively. Due to digitalization the level of competition is increasing day by day.
Employees undertake various activities and to conduct them with efficiency it is important that they should be motivated to attain the overall goals and objectives. It is important for the organization to satisfy the needs and wants of the employees. Needs and wants can only be satisfied if motivation theories are taken into consideration.
The Maslow hierarchy of needs theory is related to the needs and wants of the employees (Nuttin, 2014). Maslow theory is one of the content theories and it enhances the motivation level of the employees who are conducting their routine activities. In this theory, there are five factors physiological, safety, belonging, esteem and self-actualization need. It is seen these are the basic needs of the employees which should be fulfilled by the organization to enhance the motivation level of the employees. The physiological factor is related to heat, air, and base salary. If these factors are not offered than it can be difficult for the employees to conduct the activities in an efficient manner (Karnatovskaia, Gajic, Bienvenu, Stevenson & Needham, D, 2015). In self-actualization training, growth and creativity are taken into consideration. It is important to enhance the confidence and motivation level it is important to train the employees so that concept to conduct the activities can be cleared. The safety factor is also one of the important factors that every employee requires to conduct the activities of the organization. Job security and health insurance are considered in this factor. Next is belongingness need in which supervisors should motivate the employees and give right direction so that employees can conduct the activities in a smooth manner. Self-esteem is one of the factors in which the employees wants high status and recognition. It induces the employees to complete their activities in a right direction. This theory should be considered by every organization as it helps to enhance the basic requirements of the employee and if the basic requirement is availed by the employees then it can be easy to finish the activities with efficiency. The advantage of this theory is that the employees will be retained in the company for a long time and good working environment can be created. The disadvantage can be that some employees can only be motivated. It is seen that Tesco consider the theory of Maslow and through this concept only the employees are motivated. This theory has given a positive impact on the overall activities of the organization (van der Weijden, Belder, Van Arensbergen & Van Den Besselaar, 2015).
Next content theory is Herzberg theory and this theory is also called two factors Theory. It is seen that Apple takes into consideration two factors theory to motivate its employees who are conducting their routine activities in the organization. In this, there are two factors that affect the level of motivation. This theory helps the organization to design the job according to the needs of the employees. In this theory, the motivators are satisfied and also dissatisfied with an organization. This theory helps to enhance the satisfaction level of the employees and train the employees according to the process of the organization (Ozguner, 2014). It is essential that the organization should offer benefits to the employees who are in the organization from a long time. It is seen that hygiene factor is related to dissatisfaction and motivator factor determine the satisfaction level. It is analyzed that the benefit which is achieved is related to the satisfaction level of the employees. If employees are satisfied then it enhances the productivity level of the employees (Alshmemri, Shahwan-Akl & Maude, 2017).
Next theory is Expectancy theory and it is one of the process theories. This theory combines the perceptual aspects of equity theory with the aspects of behavior (Magidson, Roberts, Collado-Rodriguez & Lejuez, 2014). The equation of this theory is:
M= E* I* V
Means
Motivation = Expectancy * Instrumentality* valence
This theory is considered by Nestle in which the motivation is given by evaluating the situation. In the expectancy theory the perception of the individual will result in the performance and also correlation is made with the performance (Hsu, Shinnar & Powell, 2014). Also, the employees are rewarded or punished on the basis of performance and assessment of the quality performance is also analyzed. Valence is the strength of the reward or punishment that will give outcome form the overall performance. If the reward that is given to the employees is small then it can be difficult to enhance the efficiency of the employees. In expectancy and instrumentality both are high (Deci & Ryan, 2014). This theory is beneficial as it helps to give reward the employee who is performing well. The reward is according to the overall performance of the employees. But it can create the feeling of jealousy among the employees who are not performing well and are not rewarded by the organization (Baumann & Bonner, 2017).
It is seen that motivation plays a great role in making effective groups. The teamwork and group activity increases if the employees are motivated and efficient towards the assigned task. There should be proper leadership in the organization so that the leaders can give right direction to its employees. Motivational leadership is related to lead someone by giving the motivation to achieve goals rather than simply conducting the orders given by leader. The leader of the organization tries to make a safe and trusted environment so that success in the market can be attained (Javed, Rawwas, Khandai, Shahid & Tayyeb, 2018). The manager can motivate its employees by considering the control factor. It is important to control and supervise the activities of the employees so that right and wrong decisions can be explained in an effective manner. Also, the manager can control by creating a good environment and organizational culture that boost the motivation and engagement of the employees. It is seen that motivational leadership is related to lead someone by giving motivation. It is seen that the qualities of motivational leadership are communication and confidence (Afsar, Badir & Kiani, 2016). A leader should communicate effectively to the members of the team. Leaders should also maintain the morale of the organization so that negative attitudes cannot be spread. Also, the leader should be confident in every situation so that confidence and productivity level can be enhanced. If a leader shows the level of commitment towards the work then other will analyze and conduct the activities accordingly. The leader should have a positive attitude so that the team or the employees can be happy and also the productivity level enhances (Parijat & Bagga, 2014).
Next theory of motivation is also related to Alderfer’s ERG Theory in which there are three levels of existence, relatedness, and growth. This level influences the personal growth and extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. First is existence need which considers the needs that should be satisfied according to the conditions. They are closely related to the physiological needs like food, shelter and safe working environment. It is important to provide these basic requirements so that motivation level and dedication of the employees enhance effectively. Next is a relatedness need in which it is related to communication and exchange the information with other individuals. So, the motivation is provided by taking into consideration the rewards like extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. These rewards help to consider the honest feedback and also enhance the overall sales of the company. The last step is related to growth needs in which strong personal involvement is considered that utilizes the skills and ability. So, this theory is beneficial as it helps to analyze the working pattern and confidence level of the employees towards the activities of the organization.
The best example related to motivation is of Google. It is seen that the company wants to encourage its employees so that they can pursue their own ideas and can bring change in the activities. So the company implemented 80/20 rule that helps the employees to spend 20 percent of their work time focusing on their own projects. Google identified the intrinsic need of their employees for creating autonomy in their own work. The target of the company is on intrinsic motivation that has given success to the company (Gerhart & Fang, 2015).
It is also seen if effective motivation is given to the employees of the organization then it can be simple for the employees to adopt change that took place in the organization. Employees of the organization do not adopt the change easily so it is important to motivate them so that activities can be conducted smoothly by taking into consideration the change that takes place in the organization (Chen, 2015).
Next motivation theory that helps to accomplish the goals of the organization is “SMART GOAL THEORY” that takes into consideration the managers of the company so that supervision can be given in a proper way to its subordinates. It is analyzed that to attain success in the market, it is important to set goals and standards for the employees so that the activities can take place in a right direction. Also, dissatisfaction among the employees is also reduced if goal setting theory is taken into consideration.
So, it is essential for the organization to focus on achieving the overall targets. It is the responsibility of every employee to conduct the activities with dedication but it can only be done if proper motivation is given to the employees by the top management. The working environment of the company should be positive so that the opportunities prevailing in the environment can be grabbed easily. The employees who are conducting routine activities should have the knowledge of the activities so that rewards and incentives can also be earned easily.
There are many factors that help to manage people within the organization and that are communication, compensation, and training. If there is effective communication in the organization then it can be easy to manage people. The messages can be conveyed easily and the employees will conduct the activities properly and effectively (Ramadanty & Martinus, 2016). The next step is related to compensation in which if employees are given good wages then it can be easy to achieve high productivity and profitability. Compensation to employees plays a great role as it helps to enhance the working structure of the employees. If the employees are rewarded that it creates a feeling to do work with efficiency and dedication so that overall goals and objectives can be achieved. Training is also the factor that will help to manage the people. If proper training is given then it enhances the skills and knowledge of the employees. The queries are also resolved easily by taking into consideration effective training. Training not only enhances the motivation level of the employees but also enhances the overall profits of the organization.
Conclusion
So, by analyzing the report it is concluded that motivation plays a great role to enhance the overall profitability and productivity of the company. In this paper, the discussion is made on the motivation theories like Maslow hierarchy of needs, Herzberg theory, Expectancy theory, Alderfer’s ERG Theory and Smart goal theory. Also there many examples of the companies that are discussed in the paper like Google, Nestle and Tesco. Like Tesco takes into consideration the theory of Maslow hierarchy of needs.
In this paper, the discussion is also made by taking into factors to manage employees within the organization and the factors are communication, training, and compensation. So, it is seen that every organization should motivate its employees so that the company can enhance its share in the market and can achieve profitability in a proper manner.
References
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