Describe about national health service (NHS) is the pioneer of healthcare service of England?
National Health Service (NHS) is the pioneer of healthcare service of England, which works on public fund. This is one of the largest and oldest healthcare systems in England. The main healthcare services provided by NHS are primary care, patient care, long term healthcare, dental care, ophthalmology and etc (Almgren and Lindhorst, 2012). This particular study is conducted to explore the origin, structure and its functions in United States. There is also a brief discussion about the difference in health care system of Unites States and United Kingdom with their difference in working structure.
National Health Service works on three core principles which help them to work in a proper structure. National Health Service (NHS) was introduced in 1948 with an aim of providing health service or facility in improving the physical and mental health of the patients with the help of prevention, diagnosis and illness treatment as per there level of illness. In 1948, NHS started working with an aim of providing health care facility to every which will be financed from public taxes. Health care facility was introduced by NHS by using public taxes so that everyone can get benefit of these facilities easily. During 1952, NHS recovered the structure of DNA which helps in knowing the cure of different diseases caused by genes with the help of DNA (Anon, 2015). The use of DNA in recovering process of different diseases was not introduced. Subsequently, in 1954, it etablished the side effects of smoking and link of it with cancer. NHS introduced a daily visit facility in every child care centre (Mandelstam, 2007). This facility helped in recovering from many child illnesses easily. During 1958, NHS aimed in promoting good health not just treatment of illness. They introduced a vaccination program for polio and diphtheria. In 1960, the world’s first heart transplant was done in NHS by Christian Barnard. Between, 1961- 1962, NHS launched contraceptive pills and later introduced specialized hospitals like genial practice clinic and etc. Similarly, over the period 1962- 1968, first Full replacement of hip was done. In later years the Salmon report was published by NHS (Boseley, 2012). First heart transplant was also done in this s year. In 1968 British women gave birth to sextuples after having fertility treatment which was a great achievement in medical history. In 1972, the first computerized tomography (CT) scan machine was developed for scanning anything (England, 2015). Scientists in mid of 1970 discovered the endorphins or endogenous morphine disease cause and effect. And in 1978, world’s first baby was born with a development of vitro fertilization (IVF). In 1979, professors conducted first successful bone marrow transplantation on a child.
During, 1980- 1988, NHS after finding reason behind increase number of deaths with their scientist discovered the Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) scanning method to know the information about body’s soft tissues functioning and all (Globalissues.org, 2015). In later years they discovered the new operation technique of gall bladder i.e. keyhole operation and published black report. In 1986 NHS helped in launching first AIDS health campaign for advertising the cure a precaution of AIDS. In 1987 various heart, lung and liver transplant operations took place.
In 1990 NHS introduced the Organ donor system which helps in trustful and proper transplantation process of heart, kidney, liver, eyes and other organs (Haugen, 2008). In early 1990 NHS launched a community care act and a trust in relation to health care system of human beings. They introduced a robotic arm which helps in serious heart operation. NHS launched a walk in centers at various places which help them to make everyone aware of health care facilities provided by them. 2010 – After analyzing the working structure of previous years NHS made various changes in their working style, culture, decision process and the service process.
Organizational structure of any organization reflects its function, process, working style. NHS’s main objective is to deliver good health care service throughout the country. The diagram below shows the new structure of National Health Service (Nhs.uk, 2015). When the health service is having a split between purchaser and provider, the private health care provider can easily enter in the market of health care service in competition to National Health Service. NHS provides the primary care, which is the first care service, was given to any patient and it is the first contact point of patient and doctor. Suppose a heart patient is referred to a specialist heart doctor by his/her general doctor, where contact among the patient and doctor is not so regular; then NHS pays the most important role to provide initial care towards the patient. In comparison of primary health care service, doctor and patient do not meet regularly as there are different assistants to take care of the patient in absence of specialist. National Health Service (NHS) use public taxes for providing them cheap and good quality of health care service. On the other hand some countries government also helps in types of health care service organization.
If the structure of NHS is taken for consideration, then it can be said that there are several stages through which it provides care towards the patients.
Figure1: Structure of NHS
Secretary of state for health is a part of parliament of country and is a member of the present cabinet .The main responsibility of Secretary of health of any state is to provide good health service to everyone. The partners with whom they work are group of ministers for health and the secretary or NHS chief executive (Nhscareers.nhs.uk, 2015). The responsibility of NHS executive is to deal with both accountant officer as well as the health department ministers to make health service good and updated in relation to technology and medicines. The secretary of state health service is the group of ministers whose main focus is to provide health services in every area easily.
The main aim of department of health is to provide proper health service and control population of country with the help of government. Department of Health works on improving and updating the NHS and the standard of public health. Department of health have different roles like – They are responsible for setting the complete direction and top changes or improvement in NHS and social care of the country. They help in finalizing the national standards of health services of nay country. Department of health decided the resources and important investment decision which help NHS in giving good health care service They try to maintain good relations with their partners’ countries or organization so that quality of service delivered is always good. Department of Health provided a framework or procedure of working on basis of which only NHS has to work and perform their health related activities (Nhshistory.net, 2015). The plans and strategies are provided to NHS before they start any health related work. There are many special authorities who work for health services in connection to NHS.
NHS Commission board consists of NHS England and clinical commissioning group (CCGs). NHS England works under the NHS Commission board as an independent body. The main responsibility of NHS England is to improve the health condition of people living in England (The Economist, 2014). NHS England helps in providing the leadership for improving the quality of health care also helps in clinical commissioning group operation and allocation of their different resources and also provides proper primary care and specialist health care service.
Clinical commission group are the legal body whose responsibility is planning and commissioning the healthcare service for local areas of country (Storey, Bullivant and Corbett-Nolan, 2011). CCG’s are responsible for planning proper hospital care to everyone in affordable price. It helps in planning various emergency services in specialist as well as general clinics in odd hours also plan a proper mental health care service, a proper learning facility for disable people. Clinical Commissioning Group has responsibility of buying or charging the different health care services.
To provide a proper health care service, various basic facilities are required by every health care service provider as: Building, proper building under which they provide health care services. Every hospital or clinic which is providing health care should have proper building i.e. the hygiene and other basic facilities should be of good quality. Money – Money is the main asset which is required for providing good quality health care service (Stavans, 2010). The money structure decided by any health care service provider for their patient has to be under the rules provided by government. Staff includes the workforce of any health care clinic and hospitals. Staffs are lower level staffs, middle level staffs and the specialist. Every staff member is having their own roles and responsibilities regarding health service.
National Health Service (NHS) has several functions which are as following –
NHS provides a high quality of health care service. It also helps in monitoring the national performance of NHS health care and improving the outcome of public health, reducing the inequalities regarding health services and care.NHS helps financially and socially weak people regarding health care services. They also provide proper specialist for every illness. National Health Service helps in running the Clinical commissioning groups and the other healthcare professionals who help in proper health care service provision by providing proper ambulance service which is monitored by separate department (Pasdirtz, 2007). NHS provides special care and service to mental patients also. Presently many trusts operate under NHS which works for social health care services.
Comparison of US and UK healthcare system – Health care system of both United States and United Kingdom is different. Government of United Kingdom provides various medical care facilities to their citizen like – Government of UK ensures the right of equal health care service to each citizen. IN UK NHS is combined by different local trust which helps in providing health care services to every citizen. NHS in UK is a system combined of different services for example Pharmaceutical service, proper technology used for health care service, financial support if needed by any patient and etc. UK government provides specialist for every illness like dentist, surgeon, physician, orthopedist and etc. UK NHS provided medical services in walk inn form, for example the medical mini clinic in any moving automobile which can reach easily to every patient. Mainly primary health care services are provided in moving form.
On the other hand the health care system of United States provides medical and health care facilities in a different form as – In United States health care service provider can be private service centre or public care centre. They have to work as per the US government Norms. NHS in US helps both public as well as private health care system to promote health care service and treatment of illness. Only private care centre in US provide walk in health care service, public health care centers are like the hospitals, clinics and etc which are run with the help of public taxes. In Unites States (Nuffieldtrust.org.uk, 2014) some retail departmental stores provides health care services for example Wal-Mart provides primary health care service with a proper nursing and pharmaceutical service.
The essay is having a brief discussion on research study of health care services of United Stated and United Kingdom. The main health care service provider is National Health Service (NHS) whose main aim is to improve the health system of nation. Essay above is having a discussion on the origin, structure, and different function of National Health Service in UK with a comparison of health care service in US. National Health Service is a foundation which helps financially weak citizen of US and UK regarding health and medical care services.
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