No part of this research may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the researcher.
I, Invocavity Mahfeeza hafeez D/o malik abdual hafeez do hereby declare that ,this dissertation is my own work and that it has not been submitted for similar degree in any other University.
I am grateful to the Almighty ALLAH who has given me strength, health and ability to carry out this rewarding work.
I would also like to extend my sincere appreciation to the major supervisor, sir Azmat Khurram Farooq. Who devoted his time to assist me with constructive ideas in supervising me hence making this research successful. I value your critical mind and your willingness to read what I produce .My thanks are due to students for their time to respond to my questionnaire that needed for my study .None of this would be possible, however, without the support of my entire family.
Thank you for your spiritual, physical and financial support. May lord bless you abundantly.
Physical punishment which causes pain but sometimes it leads to injury. Corporal punishment leads to pinching, kicking and slapping. Other objects could be used like belt, wooden sticks for controlling students behavior during classroom management A wave of competition could be built between students to enhance their keen interest in their academic career. corporal and non corporal punishment method is used to control discipline in class.
Sound and healthy environment leads efficient performance of students at elementary level. The study was organized with assumptions that the use of corporal punishment contribute towards students improvement and ultimately knowledge enhancement and this idea leads a institution into better and modified learning place. Learners start to hate that particular instructor and also feel bore to attain something about that particular subject .The learner loses interest and increase the absenteeism at extreme level. This type of punishment breeds cruelty, violence and develop negative thoughts inside themselves. This research was quantitative descriptive. Questionnaire was constructed at elementary level to measure the different modes of corporal punishment and its impact on students’ academic learning at Tehsil Phalia district Mandi Bahu Din.
Total 32 public girls’ elementary schools are situated in Tehsil Phalia. But only 10 public girls’ elementary schools were selected as population. 4 students were selected from each school which made the 40 students. Sampling frame of schools was designed alphabetically. Simple random sampling was used in this study. Kaufman, 1994 in (Cicognani 2004).Physical torture effects the cognitive development of students if it is applied daily basis (Lombordo and polonko 2005). Students’ physical ,mental and emotional growth ceased.The name of tool was Corporal punishment questionnaire(CPQ). Some respondents suggested that corporal punishment effect positively as well as negatively. And some individuals told that corporal punishment effect negatively on the learning of students. According to experts’ suggestions Null hypothesis of this research was rejected .Because Null hypothesis was physical punishment. After data collection. Data was inserted into SPSS 24 version in APA style, different result values like Mean, Median and also 2-tailed test was obtained .A school is a learning place for students. This place changes the whole life of some one. So there should be a friendly relationship between students and teachers. Teacher is a role model for students. Teachers have right to punish their students to reshape their characters but teacher have to provide non-corporal punishment instead of corporal punishment.
EFFECT OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANC AT PUBLIC GIRLS ELEMENTRY SCHOOLS IN TEHSIL PHALIA.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY:
A type of physical punishment which causes pain but sometimes it also leads to injury. Corporal punishment leads to pinching, kicking and slapping. Other objects could be used like belt, wooden sticks for controlling students behavior during classroom management.(staus and Stewart,1999).In previous history it was useful for students training in better way. it was also useful for mental growth of students according to their teachers mentality and growing up of the students personality. It is helpful for students to learn something with respective and superlative way through instructors. But now a days it was not useful due to harsh behavior of teachers and physical punishment. This leads disrespect of teachers. Corporal punishment could not improve the learning of students. It can be possible through counseling (Awan, 2011).Current and ideal situation could built a concept of competition among students but there is a gap and this gap can be fulfill with the help of instructor. A wave of competition could be built between students to enhance their keen interest in their academic career. corporal and non corporal punishment method is used to control discipline in class. Sound and healthy environment leads efficient performance of students at elementary level. It is consider as unique method in education system. Long term use of this method could be harmful it leads to depression, fear, anxiety and also influence the students physical and mental performance.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
Research study is focused on the corporal punishment and its impact on students learning’s as we know it is physical punishment it could be of two types, one is mild and other is severe punishment. Physical punishment like, slapping, hitting, kicking, thrashing, flogging and pinching. This could be used for maintenance of class discipline. And it is helpful to see the result of both types of punishment.(Encarta,2009).The study was organized with assumptions that the use of corporal punishment contribute towards students improvement and ultimately knowledge enhancement and this idea leads a institution into better and modified learning place.
1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:
To determinate the effect of corporal punishment on students’ academic performance at elementary level in Tehsil Phalia.
1.4NULL HYPOTHESIS:
There is no statistical significance influence of corporal punishment on students’s academic performances at elementary level.
1.5 ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS:
There is statistical significance influence of corporal punishment on students’ academic performance at elementary level.
1.6SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY:
Through this study negative and positive effects of the punishment will be shown on the students. It may be helpful to maintain the discipline during class. Teacher will make the students more active in class to seek their attention towards their lesson. This procedure may develop working skills in the students. This research will help the teachers to understand the nature of students towards corporal punishment. It could be planned and executed with great sensitivity. (Pandey , 2011).
1.7 LIMITATION OF STUDY
It is uncontrolled feature for researchers, if a female researcher is doing her work she does not seek access to check and investigate each and every place because of low level of opportunities e.g. No transport system lack of time ,under such circumstances studied could be limited.
1.8 DELIMITATION:
Delimitation is totally under researcher’s control. Researcher could choose population size and also sample size by own choice. Researcher could choose also different resources which could be helpful in his/her research .It gave temporary positive results.
1.9RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
Corporal punishment happened in schools and homes by teachers and parents respectively on daily basis. But no one cares about it. It leads long time side effects. It causes mental retardation, suicidal thoughts, depression and also learner feels fear in getting something. Education does not demands threats ,burden and stress to embellish the knowledge of students. Learners start to hate that particular instructor and also feel bore to attain something about that particular subject .The learner loses interest and increase the absenteeism at extreme level. This type of punishment breeds cruelty, violence and develop negative thoughts inside themselves.
1.9.1 DESIGN OF THE STUDY:
This research was quantitative descriptive. Questionnaire was constructed at elementary level to measure the different modes of corporal punishment and its impact on students’ academic learning at Tehsil Phalia district Mandi Bahu Din.
1.9.2POPULATION:
Total 32 public girls’ elementary schools are situated in Tehsil Phalia. But only 10 public girls’ elementary schools were selected as population. 4 students were selected from each school which made the 40 students.
1.9.3SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:
Sampling frame of schools was designed alphabetically. Simple random sampling was used in this study.
1.9.4 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT:
Questionnaire was used as an instrument to collect data from the students. Instrument was modified as per local setting. Questionnaire was divided into fourteen statements five point likert scale was used to measure modes of punishment .
1.9.5 DATA COLLECTION:
Data was collected by self-conducted questionnaire from students of public schools in Tehsil Phalia district Mandi Bahu Din. Data was collected by taking perception from the participants.
1.9.6DATA ANALYSIS:
Data was entered in statistical SPSS software version 24 and t, test was used for computation.
1.9.7ETHICAL:
This study was conducted with this satisfaction that it was neither harmful for the parents, teachers nor anyone who participated in this study all the participants were made ensure.
Other objects could be used like belt, wooden sticks for controlling students behavior during classroom management.(staus and Stewart,1999). It is helpful for students to learn something with respective and superlative way through instructors. This leads disrespect of teachers. Corporal punishment could not improve the learning of students. It can be possible through counseling (Awan, 2011).Current and ideal situation could built a concept of competition among students but there is a gap and this gap can be fulfill with the help of instructor. Students could be secured positions in educational institutions by using motivation measures and creating competitive environment among students. Awan (2014).
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