Nutrition And Brain Development System

Selecting a method for proper assessment

Discuss about the Nutrition and Brain Development System.

The report will discuss in detail about the child psychology and physical development along with development of gross and fine motor skills in the children between the age of 4 to 6 years. The word gross motor in child development based on the physical skills that can be used as a part of large body movement usually consisting the complete body. The age between 4 to 6 years is a stepping stone in the direction of physical as well as overall development of the children. Moreover, children in this age usually like to become an active part in physical as well as extracurricular activities like karate or gymnastics and many more. Children further continue to refine as well as improve the gross level motor skills through age seven (Davis et al, 2011). Between the age of four and six, the child usually goes through so many kinds of development phases as he or she initiate working towards the growth of an identity on personal level and also discover his or her purpose or participation in the world. There are also so many exciting developments based phases as well as milestone for a child that helps them reach as a part of his or her exciting and super fascinating journey (López-Vicente et al, 2017).

There are two distinct type of observation that are used for assessment of young children. These methods are formal as well as informal. They distinguish in how controlled the situation are for utilising them. Formal methods consist of standardized evaluations and research based instruments. As an outcome of such studies, development based milestone for children have been recognized. Development based milestone are features and attitude based training to record data in careful manner which is designed in varied forms. Training also requires for proper analysis and interpretation of the data (Fox et al, 2011). Teachers in preschool normally use informal method of observation to collect data. Such methods are much easier in usage and more right for the sake of program based planning. It also consists of observation of children in the classroom with collection of samples for the work, interview of the parents and communication with children.

There are three kinds of consideration in selecting a method based on assessment. Firstly, the method selected entirely depends on the kind of attitude that one wants or looking to assess and the amount considered as normal for the kids in particular age groups. There are some educators who usually deal with such emerging kind of competencies. Development based milestone also assist the children in comparing as well as noting the transformation in the development process of children (Lovell et al, 2015). It is also needed to help the observer since they notice young children in preparation phase for the career working with the young children. In the end, overall amount of attention is aiming on needed by the observer requirements (Gershoff et al, 2012).). There are some methods of assessment that will need more attention from the people. For instance, it is challenging to interact with people when people are in the process of writing as per the record. The narratives also require to be rich in information with detailed discussion as per the behaviour setting.

Discussion and analysis on child’s physical growth and motor skills

Then there are other methods as well based on checklists, participating candidates and video mode that are much easier to utilise at the time of working with children between the discussed age. Normally teachers utilise different kinds of ways for collecting data about the children. Because there is no single method which can be claimed as the most effective or helps in revealing every possible thing along with many methods that can be used. More complete form of data can be get by utilising many kinds of methods. There are so many other sources of data also which decreases the overall possibility of mistakes when making any kind of test (Hughes & Ensor, 2011).

There are many kinds of assessment techniques that can be utilised in early time of children program. This consist of anecdotal based records along with participation based charts, checklists, rating based scales, varied samples of products, tapes and many more. The teacher also evaluates families to get data.

Anecdotal form of records: the simple kind of observation which can also be taken as a brief form of narrative based and it also account for a particular incident known as anecdotal record. Usually called as anecdotal based record is utilised to grow a clarity on the children behaviour. The anecdotal method does not need charts or special kind of settings. They can also record in any kind of setting and need no training (Villodas et al, 2015). All people need is a paper and a writing based tools to write about what happened through facts and in objective manner. It is also important to understand that observation is an open ended as well as continuous method until everything can be seen (Malina, 2012). It can be claimed as a short format story which has beginning, middle as well as end. The overall process of recording the case need a close eye and rapid pencil to get all possible details. One will also need to understand that what was in it and what actually happened and the location of the occurrence. It also requires to be done in a prompt and right manner.

The concept of fine motor skills is significant to get the attention and engage in small and through more accurate movements, usually using hands as well as fingers. The set of fine motor skills are distinct than gross motor skills that need less kind of precision to be able to perform (Sengupta, 2013).

Factors that affect physical development

During three to four years, children continue to gain more knowledge on refining their skills based on eating as well as also utilise utensils like spoons. Children at this age can also use much larger tools for writing like crayons which they can hold easily. Here twisting motion can be used with the hand, used for opening door knobs as well as twisting the lids off the containers (Mani & Huettig, 2012). Since children can also open the containers that have cover or lids, people must keep away specific harmful components like cleaners as well as medications that are stored and is out of reach in a more locked environment to save accidental kind of poisonings. At the age of four and five years, children go on to fine tune their fine motor skills and also build on the previous skills. For examples, now they are able to button up the cloths all their own. They have more artistic inclination which improves and they can also draw simple figures and be able to copy different shapes like squares, circles, and other kind of large letters (Sigelman & Rider, 2014). Children between the age of five and seven old starts to show their skills that are crucial for initiating as well as gaining some kind of success in the schools like printing the alphabets or number or developing and understanding shapes like square. They can also use paints as well as pencils along with crayons with firm hand supported by some control. Children can also finish other self-care work which is completely beyond the dressing like brushing and combing. Children of this age can also eat without any help or supervision from adults (McClelland et al., 2013).

It is obvious, nutrition is crucial part of physical development at any age but specifically at the early time of the life. Inadequate consumption of good nutrition and the poor health along with nutritional status of the mother is indicative for children development as well and it also affect the brain development of the children (Kishimoto et al, 2016).

There are two kinds of nutrients like macro and micro nutrients for normal level development and it is also more crucial at the time of early of childhood. Vitamin A is important for vision, differentiation through cellular, proper immune activities and remodelling of the bone.  Iodine is also very important trace component to save cretinism and goitre along with deficiency with it outcomes in growth delay and other health issues (McClelland et al., 2013). At the same time, vitamin A and iodine based deficiencies are also one of the risk based factors however, the kind of micro nutrients is not a major challenge in Bhutan with ninety eight percent coverage of iodized elements like salt at house level.

Smoking near the children and exposure to any kind of tobacco makes serious health results for the children (McClain et al, 2014). The decided amount of risk which is relative of negative results related with smoking is high. In the same level, consumption of any other kind of tobacco near them has adverse level impact on the overall development of the children. The bad effects of such habits during the early age of children can also impact them psychologically and exposer can also become a restriction during the physical development of the children and related with behavioural along with cognitive level growth (McClelland et al., 2013).

There are so many children that relies in the care they get and the growth also relies on the ability of the parents. When there is absence of personal care during early time made a devastating effect on the health of children, development, adjustment with personality and cognitive level capacity (Smith et al, 2017). Emotions like responsiveness as well as sensitivity have been recognized as the main features of providing care on behavioural associated with later time of positive health and growth results in young children. Many experiments and intervention based studies with cognitive level stimulation on children exhibit high cognitive operations with added cognitive level stimulation than children compared with no stimulation (Murray et al, 2011).

Right balance: children at this time will have more control when he or she starts walking, climbing as well as running. Children also tries to hop as well as jump low steps with one feet at a time during the time of climbing (Prado & Dewey, 2014). He also learns ignore limitations, run at a speed that is walk and even without watching their steps which also goes completely backward. Balance will also be easier for the growth of child, permitting them to ride a bicycle with proper and supervised training and along with training wheels. Children will also learn to swing by shifting the control from one leg to another and learning to break a fall. Children can also get more control by rolling in different directions specifically sideways (Murray et al, 2011).

Physical level of labour at this time will bring some kind of excitement in the children and they will be more inclined towards chasing the ball as well as kicking and running behind it. Despite all the love for physical functions, it is important to rest with good sleep and this is the time when parents require to interfere and permit them to rest when required.

Dexter approach: the children with growing strength as well as dexterity comes to utilising more complexed techniques like hammer of scissor which indicates further growth in the fine motor skills. Children are better at the time of utilising the building blocks as well as puzzles, with stringing beats along with drawing shapes shows an improved hand and eye coordination. They never will be able to hold crayons with fist and use fingers. Permitting children to play with different toys like blocks, holding of crayons as well as solving the puzzles with the assistance for them to improve the fine motor skills sooner or later (Murray et al, 2011).  The children might be happier to be more independent with the help of getting dressed. Teaching them to completely undo the tie as well as buttons based laces is something which one might want to initiate at this time. The children also show some kind of preference for being right as well as left hand however will utilise them in alternate manner to do many functions.

Independence: at the early stage, children will require to get more independent and function their work. Children will learn to brush their teeth or using the washroom and wiping the face and blowing the nose (Zelazo & Carlson, 2012). Parent must also initiate including the cleanliness activities at this time and children may want try new kind of foods while leaning on how to calm themselves as well as relax.

Conclusion

The development of child is slow and gradual process which unfolds many biological elements and traits that come up as they lean from varied experiences. In number of countries which are developing there more two hundred million young children between the age of four and five that even fail to reach their prospective potential in social level growth because of number of factors like poor health, poverty and many more (Zelazo & Carlson, 2012). On one hand, the first three years are considered as the base for the existential one and it is usually from four of age when the mental framework started to construct for the future when the child enters the adult phase of life. In this time, the child is completely unconscious about his or her perception of his or her worth. Self-esteem plays an important and crucial role in how he or she see oneself and the society or world as a whole. Like for example, when the child is filled with love and then his or her most foundation based for existence will be strong since the emotional needs are met. This is that time of a human being life when the principles as well as perspectives can be ingrained into the personality of a children and they can play an important part in the overall quality of the relationship between the child and parents (Deprez et al, 2015).

Reference

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