Question:
How Efficient Operational Management Can Improve Organizational Performance in the RMG Sector of Bangladesh (Fakir Fashion Limited)?
Management research includes dynamic theories and rationale into the nature of performance, measures of performance and their applications (Davis, 2015). Different research questions create a quest for insight into accurate findings on organizational issues. Local and regional factors affect management practices too (Del la Monte & Paquet, 2012). The clothing and textile industry in Bangladesh is amongst the leading exporter with booming business opportunities for local and global agencies (Stacey, 2017). This implies a high level of competition for its Ready Made garments (RMG). This multimillion-dollar industry in an environment with cheap labor benefits. As a result, questions about the working environment, fair remuneration, the safety or health of the workers, energy efficiency and resource management arise (Ritchie, Lewis, Nicholls, & Ormston). Operation Management is important in modern organizations because it determines the success of the brand (Greasley, 2013). It involves the creation as well as the delivery of goods and services to the customers. The process calls for strategies that enhance quality as well as efficiency. Scientific research delves into efficiency elements in their variations including contemporary tools such as technology inputs. Using four theoretical approaches namely positivism, pragmatism, interpretivism and realism this research method determines the most appropriate mode of inquiry into the title.
Background of the study
In order to explain the dependent variable with the independent variables It is important to understand their dynamics. Organizational performance as an integral part of management research calls for a multidimensional approach (Killen, Juddev, Drouin, & Pett, 2012). Different factors that affect management include stakeholders, market factors, time, operational efficiency and organizational objectives. This research focuses on efficient operational management as one of these factors. In order to measure efficient operations at the Fakir Fashion Limited, it is important to study the organizational elements, which include leadership, organizational culture, and performance metrics such as customer expectations, shareholders and employee participation. This breaks down the complex notion into smaller elements such as time, safety; cost effectiveness, availability of resources, quality, and management factors (Monczka, Handfield, Giupero, & Patterson, 2015).
Rationale of the study
The purpose of the research method is to explain why evidence based management is important. To understand this, a reflection of diverse sections of management is necessary. Operations can perform better with improvements in Human Resource, leadership and business functions. Evidence based data provides reliable solutions for various decisions of an organization. Research guides investment decisions used for strategic management principles. The philosophical methods determine the scientific logic taken.
Significance of the study
This research gathers evidence from primary and secondary data from previous findings, market statistics, and organizational data. This includes online data sources. Interviews are good because they facilitate for organizational factors. These are effective in carrying out research featuring management variables. It captures data from surveys, interviews and focus groups in culturally focused groups. It looks at the pros and cons of the tools. For example, interviews can have a bias because of the personal approach and further probing, unlike observations, which have limitation. Interviews and observations provide reliable qualitative data while surveys and sampling give quantitative data. The method acknowledges challenges in the management of qualitative data because of missing information.
Statement of the problem
Organizational efficiency is a multiple concept phenomenon, which involves approaches in management theory. Using the case study of Fakir Fashion, the methodology gathers data from secondary material and observation research, which have stronger validity and in-depth understanding. With action research at the center stage, the methodology devises interventions amidst challenges of consistency (Coughlan & & Brannick, 2014). The case study captures data from a specific group of interest-the fashion industry.
Background of the Industry
The Ready Made Garment (RMG) industry accounts for more than 70% of exports in Bangladesh. With exports across the globe, the industry invests in efficiency production for better performance (Adnan & Islam, 2016). Several factors contribute to the success of this industry. Government trade policies in the textile sector encourage its growth as the second largest exporter of garments in the world. Besides the investment in corporate policies, textile manufacturers also have internal strategies for successful business operations.
Background of the company
Fakir Fashion pioneered in 2009 is a clothing manufacturer in the global industry. Its products range from shirts, polo’s, boxers and knit wear. With a wide product range that targets adults and children, the brand invests in efficient operations that will maximize its potential while minimizing on costs. As a result, the brand enjoys a revenue turnover of more than $155 million annually. The brand has different business units including Fakir Texwear for advanced technology production of top-notch apparel. The brand has in pipeline plans to introduce the lean technology as part of its productivity plans.
Research Questions
The research questions on operational efficiency at the Fakir Fashion Limited include:
Research Objectives
The objectives of the research are:
The literature review explains the process of transforming the raw material into a finished product. It asks the question, how does the efficient operational management improve organizational performance in the RMG sector in Bangladesh? In order to answer this question, it refers to Fakir Fashion Limited. The collapse of the Rana Plaza with a clothing factoring hosting 1045 employees led to loss of lives making safety a major issue in the Bangladesh RMG Sector. This paper uses theoretical approaches to unfold the scientific truth behind the improved performance phenomenon. Research theory shows the model for data collection concerning an inquiry. It is the objective analysis of what is truth against the notion, through a scientific process. It disputes beliefs and common knowledge that lacks scientific proof. With four types of research approaches to guide an effective research process, it shows how research philosophy, defines the theory, followed by a research method within a specified time.
Research Onion
In order to define the title Collis and Roger provide a practical guide to research pointing out that the classification of research is critical because it brings out differences and similarities (Collis & Roger, 2013, p. 13). This title is important because it shapes the research through different dimensions. Theory in research is important because it provides the following:
For a deeper understanding of training, compensation packages and development an analysis of HR practices is crucial (Dessler, 2015). Theory unfolds the diversity in the workplace in order to devise strategies for implementation. The four types of secondary data obtained focuses on the following theoretical approaches:
Positivism
Positivism defines social rules, decisions and general moral judgments based on reason. The use of logic forms a standard for the determination of fact or truth because of the empirical evidence gathered from researching or verifying data (Maxwell, 2012). Personal, intellectual and real life situations motivate researchers towards studying notions scientifically. A deeper analysis of the goals of research brings out qualitative understanding of concepts. For example, to understand the role of the human organization, a closer look at some of the factors of success such as motivation is important. It searches for objectivity, rational and logical approaches by looking at the causes that influence human actions.
Positivism pros and cons
Supported by Emile Durkheim positivism is important in the study of the modern and postmodern organization theory (Hatch & Cunliffe, 2012). It brings out the role of modern structures, environmental factors like technology and internal influencers such as power. Using observation and quantifiable measurements makes it a trusted method that analyzes observable trends such as employee attitude towards open and closed office models. It deduces the motivational attitude or de-motivational factor of performance. Positivism is factual and favors research into human-interest topics. Its connection with natural law makes it reliable for studying the relationship between innovative technology, and improved efficiency.
Despite the benefits, its accuracy depends on the data collection process and it hinders participatory research. It may not be ideal for studies on behavioral categories because it makes assumptions on processes and depends on status quo (Loughlin, 2012). Positivism also has a limit of depending on experiences for knowledge, hence a wider range of analysis. A study into organizational performance may look at the benefits of motivation in employee performance but will leave out cause effects, time factors, and space.
Realism is the search for truth without using supernatural explanations, speculations or abstract forms. Its process ensures that knowledge is beyond imagination and that it is real, accurate and offers detailed explanations (Sarantakos, 2012). The first step is to conceptualize a framework using existing research or theories. For example, organizations as complex institutions managed by different leaders depict different outcomes. Realism is important because it highlights different features independently. It explains organizational development with different explanations such as individual contributions, internal and external factors.
Pros and cons
When studying human psychology factors such as employee motivation and attitude (Feng, Huang, Kallmann, & Shapiro, 2012). Realism provides for an analysis of internal and external factors. It measures object properties like sizes and human perceptions making it ideal for an analysis of the worker’s attitude and organizational culture. It fails to measure values hence does not explain illusions and practices.
Interpretivism
Its proponents are Max Weber and George Simmel who handled their research in a subjective manner. The theorists focus on the normative rather than a generalized perspective. This social constructionism forms part of the observation process for the main explanations concerning an inquiry. It adds value to the data, giving it a better understanding of the idea. Its concepts include other perspective and complex matters for a concrete theoretical framework. This explains why it has a theoretical explanation. It samples small numbers for specific reasons. Interpretivism. Byme (2013) looks into the truths about a belief or a desire without the favor of the subject’s ideas. It analyses the research elements of a study including human interest, human behavior, and trends. This is different from positivism, which approaches research with a generalized perspective. Although positivists stick to rigid structure, interpretivism has a flexible approach that seems personalized and open to information.
Pros and Cons
Its benefits include proposed research into human studies like norms, cultural values, and processes in society. In studying organizations, it would be ideal for studies about the influence of cultural symbols on personal beliefs and practices. This is a reliable theory for group research because it highlights the values in order to help in the definition of social action. Its use of interviews for data collection provides primary data while observation adds value to the information for higher validity.
However, the small samples take a lot of time and may not be representative enough (Rahman, 2016). It does not favor research that requires in-depth analysis hence it is anti-positivism. It advocates for a deeper understanding of ideas, and concepts used in research. It focuses on cultural subjectivism, which could lead to bias in research and compromised data. Both the interviewed and researcher could have a bias. This ignores the fact that scientific research in Social Science should be representative and reliable at all costs. Besides the ethical issues, its data also becomes hard to replicate in other scenarios. Especially in time-related interpretations (Collis & Roger, 2013, p. 100).
Pragmatism
Pragmatism believes in truth as the knowledge that has undergone practical experience. An idea, which is practical, must prove itself in the application. To understand the efficient management of operational decisions, an insight into the technology operational decisions is necessary (Benjaafar, Li, & Daskin, 2013). Unlike the philosophical approach to truth, pragmatism weighs the practical and it combines ideas from previous research to add onto it or give a new direction. As long as the idea is practical in meaning or gives satisfactory explanations, it becomes acceptable.
Pros and cons
Easton, (2010) points at advantages and disadvantages of realism in case study to point out that it raises questions about the foundation of truths. Despite this, it is a plus for intensive and extensive research because of the statistical analysis of trends. Focusing on specific cases like Fakir Fashion may leave out questions on what, where and who. These reflect in time frequency and continuous processes like Fakirs management operation changes.
This descriptive research is an overall understanding of the models through the impact of the independent and dependent variables. It uses samples to study the economic viability such as online services, marketing and customer relations (Laudon & Traver, 2013). The use of interactive media gives it an advantage in the study of experiences. Its multimedia channel facilitates for the integration of websites, links, social media, and different channels for better experiments. Literature review is systematic analysis of the correlations.
A research strategy is the analysis of the tools, theories, and the models relates to the dependent and independent variables. When studying individuals in an organization, interviews may have limitations such as the worker taking part in the study declining to give certain information (Collis & Roger, 2013, p. 148). However, when this occurs, an alternative method of observation provides a boost. This gives interpretivism an upper hand. Research actions show the people’s response to social issues and research is keen on the outcomes as well as the anticipated social, psychological as well as physical consequences (Collis, & Roger, 2013, p. 158)
Organizational Performance Factors
Different organizations have different factors of performance. In the service and product sector, innovation, market competition, customer choice and managerial factors are important. Shun, Srinivasan, & Longenthian, (2012) discuss ways on how to manage operational efficiency through heuristic optimization. This is significant in saving energy resources in the service sector. However, employee commitment is major influencers in the service sector while creativity affects the product sectors more
Efficient Operational Management
This is the independent variable provides a measure of elements, which could be in an organization’s leadership, objectives, goals, and operations. Aligning these in the right direction depends on research methodology. An inquest into the effectiveness of its inventory process, quality controls and supply chains may require a combination of approaches. The positivist approach looks into the importance of professional while interpretivism explains the role of the relationships in creating a competitive advantage.
The research model involves:
Hypothesis
The variables are efficient operational performance, organizational performance and operational management. These for the hypothesis “Efficient operational management and improved organizational performance in the RMG sector of Bangladesh’s Fakir Fashion Limited”. These are specific, and measurable for specific results obtained through a scientific method.
The study procedures will turn the information in the data collected into numbers for an analysis. The Interviews and observation provide qualitative data while literature from past research is for the secondary data. Literature review includes data from global and local research within the past ten years.
The statistical tests of the hypotheses give results from the survey and case study analysis. Samples feature data from the Asian region with a specific interest in the Fashion and textile production industry. Probability sampling is used as it allows for generalization and test hypothesis. Cluster sampling of cases in the industry within Bangladesh, Asia and globally applies. This is different from the systematic samples, which are better for uniform distribution of samples. Sampling is ideal because it captures the subset of the population under focus for stronger deductions.
The sample size used depends on the survey questions for workers in the RMG industry. Fakir Fashion has an employee base of over 5000 therefore; a sample size of 300-500 employee is preferable. The survey data comes from previous large-scale data analysis and interviews.
Survey questions
Using a Likert scale as the research instruments for psychometric data analysis the research measures concepts in terms of the range between the variables. On a scale of 1-5 for strongly disagree and agree respectively. For example, it looks at questions like:
Conclusion
Operation management without efficiency limits the performance of an organization. This is because efficiency depends on factors of performance management such as employee performance, decision-making, leadership and operation functions. The reliability and validity of the research compliments the scope of the findings based on the primary and secondary data. Methods and tools of research encourage this process. Consideration for ethical factors points at some limitations of the research tools as well as the methods. The research project takes a period of 12 weeks and its conceptual framework adopts the analysis of outcomes, operational efficiency and competitiveness for the market. This provides a comprehensive approach that integrates different methods of data collection and analysis. Software applications include NVIVO and SPSS for statistical analysis and project management. Operation management measures capture data for Fakir Fashion as well as the RGM industry. It is also an in depth analysis of previous research into management practices across industries. The findings bring out gaps in management research, operation management, organizational development and efficient operations. Its specific analysis targets problems in the internal as well as the external environment of the industry. This contemporary approach considers traditional approaches by founding fathers in social science research. A blend of realism, positivism, interpretivism and pragmatism covers important management practices for this study.
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