Organizational Behavior: A Comparison Between M&S And NISA

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The report deals with the M&S organization and NISA organization. In this report, the researcher explains about the Relationship between organizational Structure and culture as well as the researcher tries to explain the different approaches to management and leaderships (Hedlund and Österberg, 2013). The leadership styles and motivational theory are also mentioned in this report and also try to explain the team behavior and performance of these two organizations. The researcher also explains the background of both the organization (Fraher, 2013).

M&S stand for Marks and Spencer organization. It’s a British international retailer business. Over the last 130 years, M&S has grown-up from a solitary market stall to turn into an international multi-channel vendor (Hedlund and Österberg, 2013). They currently control in over 50 territories international and utilize nearly 86,000 people. They declare to remain accurate to their origin principles of Quality, worth, facilities, modernism and Trust.  The company, profit boundaries were pressed to unsustainable levels and the customer loyalty was critically worn (Hedlund and Österberg, 2013). The increasing cost of utilizing British dealer was also a burden, as competitor retailers more and more import their product from inexpensive countries, but M&S’s delayed control to overseas suppliers destabilized a center part of its application to the public (Grigoreva and Solodkova, 2015).

NISA retail limited is a trade name and selling groups of self-governing retailers and wholesalers in the UK. NISA was the invention of two grocery entrepreneurs. In the year of 1997, the company launched as the Northern Independents Supermarket organization to defend the benefit of independents next to the uprising of the countrywide supermarket handcuffs objective (Zineldin and Amsteus, 2014). The company activate for 11 years from an assembly room in the Crown Hotel, Bawtry near Don Caster with 30 retailers and a total income of £20 million. The grouping grow radically over the next 20 years, draw thousands of self-governing retailers to its association, replace ‘Northern’ with ‘National’ as it extended and pioneer central allocation to self-governing stores to supply them the similar reimbursement as multiples (Hedlund and Österberg, 2013).

Organizational Structure refers to as how behavior like task distribution, coordinate and management are aimed towards the accomplishment of organizational plan. An organization can be planned in much diverse way, depending on their purpose (Herrmann and Felfe, 2012). The structure of an organization forces the mode in which it functions and executes. The following are the example of organizational structure like Functional, product, centralized, de-centralized, and geographically based, Matrix.

NISA Company

Organizational culture includes principles and behaviors that “donate to the exclusive community and psychosomatic situation of an organization objective (Zineldin and Amsteus, 2014). Organizational culture symbolize the combined principles, viewpoint and values of organizational members and is a invention of such issue as history, manufactured goods, marketplace, skill, and policy, type of workers, management method, and national culture. The following are the example of Organizational culture is Role, power, person, task culture objective (Zineldin and Amsteus, 2014).

	Structure	Culture
M & S	They pursue a flat organizational structure; this kind of organization has imperfect levels of management among managerial stage and front line workers. This structure is follow in organization to support workers in more administrative method.	In this situation M&S follow original culture which derivative from the founder’s relations. The company was family worth, with an implication of belief.
NISA Local	The Organizational structure of the middle encompasses an industrial optional panel, center site manager and a university policy group.	NISA is a member own association, serving self-governing retailers remain aggressive in the food and drink marketplace. NISA members provide a complete support enclose.

                                                                    Figure 1: (Hu and Randel, 2014)

M&S organization follow the structure which essentially reduce bureaucracy and create workers more capable by authoring them to make resolution. And payable to less management level announcement among upper manager and bottom line workers become simple which allow rapid transform and problem resolution (Janklow, 2014).

NISA behavior the study to bring concerning novelty and sensible solution by focus on technologically applicable research needs. Also offer a foster two-way research project among industrialized and educational engineers and scientists (Martinez-Campillo, 2014).

M&S, the kind of culture of Marks and Spencer is a client driven culture. Client driven culture is where all over in the industry create an actual attempt to recover customer service, market research, employ right citizens, and training (Hedlund and Österberg, 2013). 
NISA, in this organizational culture are the employees were friendly and the consumers are very good, on the other hand NISA members provide a complete support enclose (Hedlund and Österberg, 2013).

Performance in a performing art usually include an occasion in which a player or group of performance current one or more employment of art to a viewers. Performance is a procedure of collect, examine and exposure information concerning the performance of a person, group, association, system or constituent (Shinhye Kim, 2015).

The established knowledge in the literature on organisational change is that worker participation is vital to successful transform, particularly in situation that need attitudinal and cultural transform (Hedlund and Österberg, 2013).

M&S have to create populace fully responsive to the force for such change throughout the trading age, give them a continuing comment on the performance and region of action within the association, and considerate staff’s uncertainties and concern (Simmons and Striley, 2013).

Impact of performance of M&S Negative side:

The communication that Impact invests is annoying to send elsewhere doing well doesn’t denote compact income in detail as with M&S it can establish just the opposed can be the negative aspects objective (Zineldin and Amsteus, 2014).

Relationship between Organizational Structure and Culture

The factors that influence the behavior at workplace are the following:

1. Satisfaction of employees- Increasing and uphold a connection with employees has turn into a vital thing to do for business to be aggressive in today’s dynamic surroundings (Weiser and Garibaldi, 2015)

. Workplace circumstances lean to have also a positive or negative collision on employees’ performance and production. Behavioural decision making theory tend to carry that fulfilled employees are probable to be more creative and concerned in organisational behavior objective (Zineldin and Amsteus, 2014).

2. Leadership- Leaders or executive have the exclusive possible to provide as a stimulating force inside organizations nowadays (Hedlund and Österberg, 2013).  With their place and composed experience, they have the capability to pressure not only what transpire inside our work live (Hedlund and Österberg, 2013). Leader performance influences the attitude and proceedings of team member, is of most important concern which assist the leader to influence the behavior of workplace objective (Zineldin and Amsteus, 2014).

Conclusion:

While concluding this part, the behaviors which influence by the individual in workplace can be the satisfaction of employees, because employee satisfaction will help the organization to move forward, employees are the most important part of the organization.

The term ‘leadership’ is capable of many interpretations below:

• It means to guide other employees in completing their assigned task or duties.
• It means to motivate and inspire the team to achieve goals of the concerned organization.
• It means to achieve goals that are challenging.
• It means to take decisive actions in difficult situations even.
• It’s possesses a potent communication skill and self confidence (Investopedia, 2010).

	M&S (Marc Bolland)	NISA local
Leadership style defined	‘Transformational’ leadership style is followed.	Democratic leadership is followed.
Explained further with examples	He made this organization an international multi retailer announced by and large changes in the strategies & policies of M & S. In France, he opened a flagship store that was iconic after 10 years of absence (Ltd., 2015). He introduced new food products. He provided employment for 1400 new people in 2013. His main focus was optimization of stores. He developed the sub brands of clothing. He improved the home offerings. He formulated multi channel strategy viz. booking store collections via internet; touch screens were provided inside stores, so that products could be ordered & delivered to any customers or stores.	Key decisions of the company involve its employees.

                                             Figure 2:  (Johnson, 2015)

Democratic leadership style is more effective as employees have high job satisfaction and they have a pivotal role to play in the decision making process. As such, they think themselves to be integral part of the organization (Johnson, 2015).

Management is the process of managing and putting into sync, man, money and machine (Cardinal, 2015). It means to plan, organize, influence, coordinate and control activities of the above three.

Frederick Taylor propounded the scientific management theory (Grimsley, 2015). In almost every management system, this theory has its profound effect (Leaders in Heels, 2013). In management practices viz. planning, quality control, process design, ergonomics and cost accounting, this theory is used. Example in especially manufacturing firms, this theory can be used. In planning process, the manager of the manufacturing firm plans to do the division of labour as per qualification, expertise and skills (Greatleadershipbydan.com, 2008).

	M&S (Marc Bolland)	NISA local
Management styles defined	It follows 2 management styles viz. Autocratic & Consultative.	It followed a democratic management style.
Explained further with examples	Bolland consulted Mc Kinsey for implementing his new strategies to make M&S an international retailer. Rose spent £200 million for restructuring M&S without consulting any employees.	NISA’s membership is flexible to the core. Each store is independently owned and is unique. Each owner has his own style of managing their respective stores (Retail, 2015).

                                                   Figure3: (Johnson, 2015)

Consultative and Democratic management styles are better. In fact, these two can be regarded as two sides of the same coin. If consultation is done with employees regarding transformations in an organization, both the leader and the employees shall bear the responsibility on the first place. Secondly, employees shall feel proud in being part of the decision making process and strive hard to achieve the goals of the organization. This would also increase their productive efficacy.

Change Management is an advance to transitioning persons, group, and organizations explain prospect condition (Weiser and Garibaldi, 2015)

. Change management might refer to a project management procedure where transform to the range of a scheme are officially introduce and accepted objective (Zineldin and Amsteus, 2014).

The change in leadership/CEO can have an impact on staff because:

1. Energize your team- In these leaders who sucks the power away from others; determine to be the types of leaders who endeavor to carry enthusiasm and positive power to the place of work, in these employees assist the leaders to drag company throughout one of the nation’s worst financial period.

2. put your employee first- In this the company of hire, training and organization employee to distribute the manufactured goods or services (Weiser and Garibaldi, 2015). Employees are the engine of achievement, to be a superior leader, leader requires to listen employees with a laser like focus (Weiser and Garibaldi, 2015).

For example, M&S when Sir Stuart Rose left and Marc Bolland took over, the e-commerce business start growing and sell high quality of product to their customers. When the Marc Bolland took over Training and recruitment policy of this company become well and staff turnover, re-structuring attempt to recover their customer services, training etc.

Motivation is an academic raise use to enlighten performance. It represents the reason for people’s achievement, aspiration and wants. Motivation can moreover be definite as one’s instructions to behaviors or what cause an individual to desire to replicate a behavior and vice versa.

	Theory 1	Theory 2
Motivational Theory	Frederick Herzberg Theory	Maslow’s Theory
Examples within M&S	Company use theses theory to satisfy their employees like providing achievement, responsibilities, recognition, advancement etc, on the other hand company want their employee to work more hard while providing job security, relations with fellow workers, benefits etc.	Company use theses theory by helping employees situate and reach their objective at work, they give confidence to their employees and admire them when they are doing well by charitable them a good income, good working circumstances and also offer employees responsibilities to make them believe like there are essential to the business.

                                                       Figure 4: (Stubbs and Baghurst, 2014)

Advantage of this motivational theory is:

1. Maslow’s theory is important because they provide an individual to motivate (Weiser and Garibaldi, 2015).

2. Maslow also offers the theory which will assist the business to motivate their employees in the group.

3. Herzberg helps to turn the employee from demonization.

4. Herzberg introduces motivational issue like empower employees throughout job improvement or revolving etc.

Disadvantage of this motivational theory is:

1. Maslow could not be authorizing in follow or real life.

2. Maslow not places the criterion as to what time a need is fulfilled (Weiser and Garibaldi, 2015).

3. Herzberg’s model is more of a simplification that might not be suitable to all groups of staff or persons within a group.

4. Herzberg bases his theory on conference with accountants and engineers.

Group is a set of individual who have usual speak to and common communication, mutual control, common reaction of company and who work jointly to attain an ordinary sets of objective (Zineldin and Amsteus, 2014).

Effective Judgment on the Key Difference on Structure and Culture of these two organizations

Formal Group, are formed and maintain to accomplish needs or duties which are connected to the total organization assignment (Hedlund and Österberg, 2013).

Informal Group, are formed in the organization since of procedure of communal and emotional forces operating at the place of work (Hedlund and Österberg, 2013).

Group Types	Behavior in M&S
E.g., Formal -management team	Management duties in a surprise victory that established the departure of international director and as well endorse head of online.
E.g., Informal – Who lunch together	M&S company favor for a lunch meeting, Parties & everyday individual lunches and training days etc.

                                                                 Figure 5: (Vacharkulksemsuk, 2014)

Teamwork is the procedure of functioning collaboratively with a group of populace in organizes to accomplish an objective. Teamwork is frequently a vital element of a business, as it is frequently essential for generation to work well mutually, annoying their best in any condition (Xiao and Eastmure, 2014).

Factors that Promote teamwork in M&S

Factors that Hinder teamwork in M&S

1. Identify and supervise contradictory belief of them among, say, organization and consumers. 2. Ask a extensive viewpoint when set behavior a objective for themselves, which must establish the superiority of those objective. 3. Assist a conversation within the team and with others exterior the team on how to recover performance. 4. Take a broad viewpoint when situation behavioural objective for themselves, which would recover the superiority of those objective.

1. Forecast what factor will create a project flourishing and any that are probable to hinder it Realize tasks that are permanent and dangerous, and tasks that are changeable Know what accomplishment look like and when it had been accomplish. Incorporate hazard and problem management into the chart

                                                                 Figure 6: (Weiser and Garibaldi, 2015)

The technology has been impact on team dynamics are the following:

1. Skype- This type of technology is helping the organization to be in touch with their employees, managers. And also provide a live video chat with their employee any time (Hedlund and Österberg, 2013).

2. Webinars- This type of technology offer live conference that takes place over the network. The conference can be a presentation, conversation, expression, or instructional meeting (Weiser and Garibaldi, 2015).

3. Conference calling- Conference calls can be intended so that the profession party calls the other member and add them to the entitle; on the other hand, participants are frequently capable to call into the conference call themselves by dial a telephone numeral (Hedlund and Österberg, 2013).

4. Instant messaging- it is an online factual time text broadcast above the internet.

The technology which has impacted on teams within M&S is the following:

Positive:

1. The company can use Skype, because this kind of technology helps the company to attain video meeting via phone without wasting time.

2. Company can also use webinars for their future growth because they help them providing live conference that take place over the net, and conference can be of any type like for example presentation etc (Hedlund and Österberg, 2013).

3. Company can use instant messaging facilities because this kind of technology provides a online text broadcast.

Negative:

1. A major issues while using this technology are if there is a network problem than the meeting which they want to do via this kind of technology would be cancled and company can suffer from a huge loses.

Conclusion:

While concluding this, the researcher tries to explain about the organizational structure and culture of M&S and NISA local company.  And also try to explain about the leadership styles, motivational theories and teamwork of these two organizations. Today, Nisa is a £1.43 billion income company which survives to offer reimbursement to its member working approximately 2,500 retail stores and provide every service that an self-governing needs to endure and produce in the grocery market. Over the years, Nisa has guaranteed the affluence of thousands of retailer and with its transformed focus on the customer now seek to offer superior means to accomplish success. On the other hand, M&S income is opening among Food (55%) and General Merchandise (45%). With 798 stores across the UK and a growing e-commerce business, M&S wholesale luxury, great worth food and continue the UK market selected in quality goods, for case food, women promise and menswear. At the end of this assignment the researcher try to explain about the teamwork and technologies used by these organization.

Impact on Performance

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