1. The most usual organizational arrangement in the business process is the functional organizational structure. This arrangement consists of a group which is able to perform a specific type of task. Common departments of an organization are run by the functional structure which consists HR department, accounting department, sales department and many more like that (Plugge, Bouwman & Molina-Castillo, 2013).
The organizational structure evolved by providing the required flexibility which is important for the reconfiguring the job roles, processes, communication lines and learning patterns.
The main benefit of the functional organizational structure is that all the structure are divided into some group of experts. The expert’s group is able to solve every problem whether it is major or minor. The major drawback of this type of structure is that it can solve only the issues related to their area of responsibility. This structure can do nothing when the challenges come from the different area of function.
2. The functional information system describes that it supports the functional area of the common departments of an organization which are finance, human resources, manufacturing process, accounting and marketing (Fillenbaum, 2013). This type of sub-system which supports the primary departments of the system is known as the functional information system.
The functional information system has a great value to an organization. The functional information system can benefit an organization by providing the information system for marketing, HR management, accounts and for finance management. By providing the information system in this departments, the functional information system can help to product planning, promotion, place planning, budget allocation and sales forecast.
The major drawbacks of the functional information system are the data quality issues and the security issues. The functional information system is totally dependent on the quality of the data. If the provided data is insufficient or misplaced, then this system can give wrong outputs also sometimes data of this system got hacked which can lead the organization in deep danger.
3. The enterprise information system can be considered as a kind of information structure which can improve the enterprise business procedures of an organization by the integration method (Wang et al., 2016). This enterprise information system delivers a high quality service by dealing with a large amount of data. By delivering this service, the enterprise information system helps to calculate the complex calculations of an organization.
The main difference between the enterprise information system and functional system is that the enterprise information system directly helps the business process of the organization by integration process where the functional system is a sub-system which supports the functional area of the management hierarchies which consists finance, manufacturing process, human resource and other managerial departments.
The enterprise information system has a positive value on the organization as this process helps to coordinate and integrate the business processes on a robust type of foundation. Also, because of enterprise information system is used for supply chain management system and for the customer relationship management system.
4. The main dissimilarities between the functional view and the process view is that the process view can involve multiple types of functional view where the functional view approach can serve many processes in the organization. The process view does not divide the organization in smaller concepts, but process view is used to interrelate different functions of the organization to extract a specific type of outcome (Langley et al., 2013). In the case of functional approach, the systems are decomposed to manage the system in a perfect manner (Jarvis et al., 2013). The decomposition is achieved by dividing the company hierarchy into several functional departments.
The process view is important for the organizations as the process view approach can integrate, align and link the processes and organizational functions, by which the organization can achieve the predetermined objectives. Also, it can improve the effectiveness of the organization.
5. In the procurement process, the three way match process is utilized for purchasing the order which was prepared by the organization, to validate the invoice of the vendor and for receiving purpose in which a report is received which was already prepared by the organization. Further, the three way matching process can save the business money, can prepare the businesses for the audit purposes, guarantees the finest vendor relationship (Swain & Lenka, 2013).
To complete this match perfectly three things are needed. These three things are the invoice, the purchase order and the receiver. The invoice is the payment demand from the vendor, purchase order involves the payment approval and the receiver consists the proof of the purchase.
6. The main dissimilarities between the bill of material and the product routing is that the bill of material process is a base level of functionality which is used for setting a production module of an ERP type of system where product routing is also a base level production module but it is used for defining the methods of manufacturing (Ptak & Schragenheim, 2016). The bill of material is used for defining a product formation of a finished industrial item while the product routing is followed for setting up some prerequisites which are needed for designing the production module.
7. Some key points related to the manual business procedure is discussed in the following section.
The enterprise system helps to reduce these impacts of the above discussed problems by helping the businesses. The enterprise system helps to store the business generated data in an easily usable format which eliminates the errors and data inconsistencies of the manual business process. Through the enterprise system the businesses can control the total available resources which will help the businesses to work with better efficiency. The enterprise system can improve the supply chain management which can improve the speed of business processes.
8. The made to order process is the typical type of creation where the consumer can obtain the products according to their need (Feng et al., 2013). In this process the products are customised as the user demands it. In the made to stock strategy the businesses forecast the customer demands by analysing various data to meet the production process with the inventory of the business to fulfil the customer demands (Khakdaman et al., 2015).
The main advantage of the made to order process is that it can provide the exact specification which is required by the customer but the disadvantage related with this type of strategy is that the customer needs to wait a long time to get their customized product.
The main advantage of the made to stock is that the company need the specialization area for few products which can improve the product quality but the main disadvantage is the process is based on the customer demand forecast. A minor mistake in the forecast can cause the organization a huge loss.
9. The globalization has some positive impacts and some negative impacts on the organization. In the case of positive impacts the organization can hire the different type of peoples from different areas according to their needs. Also, the employee perspectives can be broadened by the globalization factor. In the case of negative impacts the cultural clashes can arise in the organization and some morality problem can also arise in the organization (Reader, 2017).
In the case of various issues related to the globalization they organization manager must respond by managing the communication method between the employees. The manager also manages the teams in a proper way so that no issues can arise. Also, it needs to ensure that everyone is following the company ethics.
10. In this case when a product has several views it means when the order of the product will be placed the request process will be relocated to the procurement procedure. In this procedure the availability of the product will be checked from the database that is available or not. Also, from the same database the production process from the vendor side will be checked. Then the fulfilment of the process will be verified in the system. Here the product history is viewed several times for the above mentioned business processes for different processes.
The view process is the process of viewing the product history in the master database of the organization. The view process can be used for identifying missing facts and reconnecting them without affecting the other queries. Also, it can help to overcome the repetitive order issues.
11. In the SAP environment the data of the organization is used for determining the business transaction of the organization which consists distribution channel and sales of the organization (Elragal, 2014). Some examples of organizational data are the product planning, sales and distribution, material management and financial accounting.
In the case of master data it is created in a way such that it must be valid for all applications and the data should be in the central. From the characteristics it is constant with the time but this data must be updated regularly. As an example the vendor can be considered as a master data.
The transaction data is a type of data which is related to the day to day transactions. This type of data always consists of some numerical values and has some time dimensions (Mühlbauer et al., 2013). Some example of transaction data is orders, payments and invoices which all are finance related.
12. The four usual materials in the ERP systems are,
References:
Elragal, A. (2014). ERP and big data: the inept couple. Procedia Technology, 16, 242-249.
Feng, Y., Martel, A., D’Amours, S., & Beauregard, R. (2013). Coordinated contract decisions in a make?to?order manufacturing supply chain: A stochastic programming approach. Production and Operations Management, 22(3), 642-660.
Fillenbaum, G. G. (2013). Multidimensional functional assessment of older adults: The Duke Older Americans Resources and Services procedures. Psychology Press.
Jarvis, E. D., Yu, J., Rivas, M. V., Horita, H., Feenders, G., Whitney, O., … & Siang?Bakshi, C. (2013). Global view of the functional molecular organization of the avian cerebrum: mirror images and functional columns. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 521(16), 3614-3665.
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Khakdaman, M., Wong, K. Y., Zohoori, B., Tiwari, M. K., & Merkert, R. (2015). Tactical production planning in a hybrid Make-to-Stock–Make-to-Order environment under supply, process and demand uncertainties: a robust optimisation model. International Journal of Production Research, 53(5), 1358-1386.
Langley, A. N. N., Smallman, C., Tsoukas, H., & Van de Ven, A. H. (2013). Process studies of change in organization and management: Unveiling temporality, activity, and flow. Academy of management journal, 56(1), 1-13.
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Mühlbauer, T., Rödiger, W., Reiser, A., Kemper, A., & Neumann, T. (2013). ScyPer: Elastic OLAP throughput on transactional data. In Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Data Analytics in the Cloud (pp. 11-15). ACM.
Plugge, A., Bouwman, H., & Molina-Castillo, F. J. (2013). Outsourcing capabilities, organizational structure and performance quality monitoring: Toward a fit model. Information & Management, 50(6), 275-284.
Ptak, C. A., & Schragenheim, E. (2016). ERP: tools, techniques, and applications for integrating the supply chain. Crc Press.
Reader, J. (2017). Reconstructing practical theology: The impact of globalization. Routledge.
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Wang, J. W., Wang, H. F., Ding, J. L., Furuta, K., Kanno, T., Ip, W. H., & Zhang, W. J. (2016). On domain modelling of the service system with its application to enterprise information systems. Enterprise Information Systems, 10(1), 1-16.
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