Outcomes Of Prolonged Postpartum Depression On Mother And Baby, And Cultural Diversity In Multinational Corporations

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

1. The concept of plasticity is significantly related to the human development as it helps in the change of the permanent human behavioural, anatomical or the changes in the physiological environment. These changes are required for a human being in order to upgrade with its changing surroundings. The factors which influence plasticity in development are- sensory and motor experience, parent-child relationships, peer relationship, gonadal hormones, psychoactive drugs, etc.

During the pandemic of COVID-19, there had been instances of me being anxious and stressed to carry on with the daily life which affects my educational life as well. I decided to start exercising during the first hour of day. After few days, I realised the change in my behaviour of being calm and concentrated.

1. Life would have been way a lot different if my parents were much lower in their social economic status (SES) than they are. Both of my parents are service people in their respective path of career. If they were lower in SES, I would have been devoid of many things regarding my physical, cognitive and social and emotional aspects of development. In the physical aspects, I will not be able to be strong by having plates full of nutritious food. In the cognitive aspects, I will not get to access the type of education and related developments that I have. And in the social aspects, I will be devoid of mixing with people at the parties and be paid the deserved respect from people.
2. The concept of correlation is referred to the statistical measurement which expresses the degree up to which two variables are related linearly. It implies that the two variables get changed together at the rate which is constant. This concept is also considered to be a common measurement in order to describe all the simple relationships by not making any statements regarding the cause as well as the effects. In general practice, the concept of correlation establishes a type of linear relationship in between two constant variables like weight and height.

No, one cannot determine cause and effect from correlational research because there is another thirds variable (Z) which affects both the variables, X and Y, which makes X and Y move in the same direction.

1. The researchers who are interested in human development study different cultures because it helps in generating knowledge regarding all the developmental processes as well as experiences regarding different cultures of the world. It helps in noticing at what time the patterns are universal as well as to provide the insights regarding the effects of the different types of ethnicity that contributes to research related to the human development. Studying the cross-cultural phenomenon helps in getting to the depth of the developmental phases of the human beings. It helps in uncovering the diversity in the human cognition as well as the behaviour by advancing the general understanding of the human cognition and the behavioural pattern.

Research question- In what ways multicultural diversity benefits the multi-national corporations?

Chapter 2

1. One of my traits is being helpful. I have been significantly helpful from my early childhood. From my initial days, I have seen my parents as well as grandparents organize the events in order to help the poor people through charity. Not only this, I have come across incidents when my father helped out the poor children on road with clothes, food, medicines as well as providing them funds to carry on education. Also, my grandfather was a philanthropist who was the owner of an orphanage home. Therefore, it is present in my genes that I like to help people in every way that I can. This is one of the cherishing traits that I have acquired from my childhood experiences. Therefore, I try to help people.
2. The behavioural teratogens are the elements that have the potential to harm the brains of the embryo or the foetus in many ways that can affect the future of the child in terms of its intellectual as well as the emotional functioning. It causes the malfunctioning of the physical aspects of the foetus by initiating problems of the behavioural as well as the emotional aspects of the prenatal body. It can affect the child by lowering down the intellectual quotient in the child. Some of the most common teratogens are the tobacco products, alcohols, consumption of chemicals, and recreational drugs. Alcohol is one of the most well-known teratogens which have the ability in causing harmful effects of the foetus during the time of pregnancy.
3. The postpartum depression is referred to the complicated mixture of the physical, emotional as well as the behavioural changes which takes place inside the body of the women after they give birth to a baby. Some of the symptoms of the postpartum depression are- mood swings, anxiety, irritability, sadness, crying, trouble sleeping, eating disorder, loss of concentration, feeling overwhelmed. The causes of the postpartum depression are the physical changes, and the emotional issues related to the child birth.

The outcomes of the prolonged postpartum depression for the mother are nervousness, depression for the birth of the child, and lack of interest for the baby. The outcomes of the prolonged postpartum depression for the baby are delayed cognitive as well as late development of language.

1. The addiction of alcoholism is a combined effort of the nature as well as the nurture. The environment that the individual lives him or being surrounded by has a huge impact on the habits, characteristics or traits that one poses along with the impact that the family has on the individual. There are many natural factors that come into play which compels an individual to consume alcohol like unable in handling stress. Also, the nurturing of the addiction comes into play when an individual is exposed to the alcoholism of parents.

As my mother is diagnosed with diabetes which is her genetic health problem, I keep my diet of the day in check and go for health check-up at regular interval.

• My career goal in life is to become an epidemiologist who is the worker of the public health who tries to investigate the patters as well as the causes of the disease and the injuries. The academic goal is to perform all the academic activities which are required to set the career goal of becoming epidemiologist in future. The role of epidemiologist is significantly crucial in the society for the finding of the causes related to the diseases that helps to promote welfare for the people in the society.
• Some of the reasons and inspirations for choosing to become epidemiologist as the academic and the career goal are my interest into understanding as well as improving the health of the population of the society. One of the inspirations of choosing epidemiologist is that it helps in estimating the frequency of occurrence of the diseases as well as helps in finding the associations that suggests the potential cause of the disease.
• There are challenges related to all the career goals which exist in the world. However, overcoming the challenges makes one successful in his or her career. Similarly, the career goal that I have set for myself for becoming epidemiologist has some challenges too. One of the major challenges is that the exposure to harmful diseases first handed. Also, keeping association to follow up the cause for a particular disease takes a lot of time to come to a conclusion. Additionally, the attrition is also a major problem.
• To address the challenges of the career goal of epidemiologist is to accept the nature of the work at first. The next step will be to gain enough knowledge of the job that I will be entitled to so that I can do my part of the job in the perfect manner. Even though the follow up of the diseases of the population takes time, I need to make my mind that the hard work and effort related with the job can help in identifying the harmful diseases in the CDC that I work for. This will help me in fulfilling my goal.

References 

Akoglu, H. (2018). User’s guide to correlation coefficients. Turkish journal of emergency medicine, 18(3), 91-93.

Alhabib, K. F., Batais, M. A., Almigbal, T. H., Alshamiri, M. Q., Altaradi, H., Rangarajan, S., & Yusuf, S. (2020). Demographic, behavioral, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Saudi population: results from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study (PURE-Saudi). BMC public health, 20(1), 1-14.

Bouranta, N., Psomas, E., Suárez-Barraza, M. F., & Jaca, C. (2019). The key factors of total quality management in the service sector: a cross-cultural study. Benchmarking: An International Journal.

Cusimano, M. D., Zhang, S., Huang, G., Wolfe, D., & Carpino, M. (2020). Associations between traumatic brain injury, drug abuse, alcohol use, adverse childhood events, and aggression levels in individuals with foster care history. Neurotrauma reports, 1(1), 241-252.

Despret, V., & Chrulew, M. (2020). Traits. Environmental Humanities, 12(1), 186-189.

Doyle, L. R., & Mattson, S. N. (2019). Behavioral Teratogenic Effects of Alcohol: Focus on Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology.

Kim, Y., & Dee, V. (2018). Sociodemographic and obstetric factors related to symptoms of postpartum depression in Hispanic women in rural California. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 47(1), 23-31.

Rowe, F. J., Hepworth, L. R., Howard, C., Hanna, K. L., Cheyne, C. P., & Currie, J. (2019). High incidence and prevalence of visual problems after acute stroke: an epidemiology study with implications for service delivery. PloS one, 14(3), e0213035.

Rowe, M. L. (2018). Understanding socioeconomic differences in parents’ speech to children. Child Development Perspectives, 12(2), 122-127.

Scheele, C., & Wolfrum, C. (2020). Brown adipose crosstalk in tissue plasticity and human metabolism. Endocrine reviews, 41(1), 53-65.