Pandanus odoratissimus Linn. belongs to the family Pandanaceae. It is widely distributed in Southeast Asia including Philippines and Indonesia. It is a small, leafy herb, less than 1 meter tall. Pandanus leaves are mostly used in Southest Asian cooking. In Indian Ayurvedic, P. odoratissimus is recommended for the treatment of headache, rheumatism, spasm, cold, epilepsy, wounds, scabies and ulcer[17]. It is also believed to have medicinal properties including antiviral, anti allergy, anti platelet, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer action. Preliminary screening of this plant indicated the presence of lignan isoflavones, phenol contents, steroid, saponins, glycoside, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds [18].
Many diseases like heart attack, stroke and pulmonary embolism are associated with inappropriate blood clot formation [19]. According to the World Health Organization, it kills up to 100,000 people worldwide every year [20]. It is also reported as the number one cause of death worldwide. Research of new anti-platelet agents with limited adverse effect and recognition of herbal medicine as another therapeutic agent begins to be considered an important goal for the pharmaceutical industries [21].
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy is one of the instrumental analysis to be employed in the study. FTIR is a technique that uses an infrared light used to identify organic, polymeric, and inorganic materials in the sample and observe its chemical properties [22]. It has been recognized as a dependable method for finding the functional groups present in the plant extract. Vibrational spectroscopy including FTIR has been proven to be a non-destructive and fast method requiring both minimal sample preparation and minimum amount of analyte compared to traditional chromatographic techniques.
FTIR has also been reported as the major authorative technique used for identifying chemical groups present in the compounds. [23] FTIR analysis was employed in the ethanolic extract of Erythrina variegate L. The results FTIR analysis confirms the presence of 17, 31, and 15 functional groups in their leaves, flowers and barks.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography is also one of the instrumental analysis to be employed in the study. It is a versatile and chromatographic technique for identifying the secondary metabolites present in the plants. HPLC technique is widely used in pytochemical and analytical chemistry to quantify and qualify the active molecules of the plant. Compared to other chromatographic techniques, HPLC is more quick and efficient to use. Instead of using gravity, HPLC uses pump to force the liquid through a solid adsorbent. The process can be completed within 10 to 30 minutes at it delivers high resolution. It is also accurate and highly reproducible chromatographic techniques. [24]
Giemsa microplate assay will be the method to be employed in the study. Giemsa microplate assay is a qualitative analysis that has been widely used as an in-vitro test for determination of platelet aggregation inhibition of plant [25][26][27]. This assay has been found out as a simple, inexpensive yet useful preliminary tool to test anti platelet activity. The assay is qualitative method which detects a change in color, from colorless to violet, indication a positive result for anti platelet aggregation. This study about determining anti plaletet activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of Pandanus odoratissimus could be an additional contribution in the field of medicine [28].
The next page shows the Plate no.1 which is the actual photo taken from their respective location of plant namely; Pandanus odoratissimus L. also known
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