Discuss about the Case Study for Physiological Principles for Health and Social Care.
Health and social care do offer consistent service of people. This service provide under health and social care area of people. Health and social care involve many types of service such as sociology, ethics, nutrition, law and biology. I am trying to discuses in this report about physiology health and social care. Physiology health and social care is many of functional activities in the human body. Physiological health and social care main task is do development the basic function of human body. There have many function like that physical, bio-electrical, and bio-chemical, mechanical etc. This types function improve is very important for good health.
It also involves organ as well as cellular system that make up these function. Proper functioning of organs and system is strongly related with human physiological health. I provide by this report about the information on the structure and functioning of human body and I also show the relationship between anatomy and the body functioning. The report gives information about the ways that can be used by the body for coordinating its internal activities.
Our body system is consists the number of biological system. This is carrying out specific functions that are very important for everyday our living. Different human body system is give bellow:
Circulatory system: Circular system main task is to move blood, oxygen, nutrition, hormones, dioxide around the human body. This is consists by heart, veins, blood, and vessels.
Digestive system: The digestive system is consists by series of organs that together. This system help to the body to break down and remove waste and absorb food. This system include stomach, mouth, esophagus, anus, small intestine, large intestine and return.. The liver and pancreas also play a role in the digestive system because they produce digestive juices.
Endocrine System: The endocrine system consists by eight major glands pavilion hormones into the blood. These hormones provide to different tissues and control various bodily function such as sexual function, metabolism and growth function.
Immune system: The immune system protects our body from viruses, bacteria and other pathogens that is very harmful for our body. It involves lymphocytes, the spleen, lymph nodes, leukocytes, and bone marrow and. White blood cells.
Lymphatic system: This system involves lymph ducts and lymph vessels, lymph nodes. It is play vital role for body protect. The lymphatic system main task is to make and move lymph; help to body fight infection and a clear fluid that contain white blood cells. The lymphatic system also removes excess lymph fluid from bodily tissues and also helps to come back into the blood.
Nervous system: This system maintaining all voluntary action such control conscious movement and also maintain involuntary action such as breathing and provides different signal in the different parts of the body. The central nervous system includes the spinal card and brain. The peripheral nervous system make to nerves that connect each body parts to the central nervous system
Muscular system: The muscular system make about 650 muscles that help to blood flow different parts of the body, aid in movement and other bodily function. There have three types of muscle such as skeletal muscle that is main task is connected to bone and help to voluntary movement, smooth muscle that is found inside organs and help to move substance and last one is cardiac muscle is found in the heart and help to pump blood.
Reproductive system: This system help to human body to reproduction. Male reproductive system involves the penis and the testes, which produce sperm and female reproductive system, involve vagina, the uterus and the ovaries, which produce eggs. During conception, a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, which creates a fertilized egg that implants and grows in the uterus.
Respiratory system: This system helps to to take oxygen and expel carbon dioxide in a process. It known breathing It consists mainly of the trachea, the diaphragm and the lungs.
Integumentary system: This system is very important because its protect our skin outside world it also protect from bacteria, viruses and other pathogens (Yarbro, Wujcik and Gobel, 2011).
Three in details needed
Our body all systems are interacts with one other to keep our body health. All systems function is not same but they all are inter connected and depend on with each other. The brain take signal and information from different organs and adjust signal to control proper functioning. The nervous system gives injunction via electrical pulse to every nerve system. It calls the powerhouse. all system take power from this powerhouse. The digestive system breaks down nutrients that help to follow blood in different organism in the body. This system pumps blood into lungs and lungs pump oxygen into the blood that is called circular system of the blood. The muscle is responsible for act is connected with bones for mobility. Our whole body covers with skin (Walker and Payne, 2004).
Explain normal body response to everyday activities:
When human body response to take challenge with any physical task through a series of integrated changes in the functions include most of not all of its physiological system. Our bodies movements want activation and maintain of muscketol system, the cardio vascular and respiratory system provide ability to undergo for movement the body every time. When our body does involve exercise training several times a week or more frequently that was achieve this training performance (Donatelle, 2009).
Cells are basic structure of the human body. It is also basic function of the human body. Human body has different types of cell such as muscle, nerve, blood and so on). Different types of cell show bellow:
Tissue level: A tissue consists of a group of cell that generally performs a specific task and a basic type of tissues in the human body includes epithelial, muscle, nervous, and connective tissues.
There are two types of cells make up living things on the world one is prokaryotic and another is eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cell is bacteria have no nucleus while eukaryotic cell is human body. Human cell is enclosing by a cell or plasma, membrane. Now we see diagram in the bellow: (Robertson and Williams, 2009).
The body internal environment is fluid by the tissue. All of the cell bathes is make up the body.
If cell are remain alive and health or fresh, the composition of the tissue fluid must remain constant. Tissue fluid is nourished and purified when molecules are exchanged across thin capillary walls. Tissue fluid remains constant only if the composition of blood remains constant.
In the bellow discuses different system interact function:
Circular system: The circular system is determined of vessels that task is to take blood from heart and again return blood to the heart. Generally blood is pumped by two method circuits and the pulmonary and systemic circuits. The pulmonary system receives blood through the lungs where gas exchange occurs and the systemic system transports blood to all parts of the body where exchange with tissue fluid takes place.
Lymphatic system: Tissue fluid need to constantly refresh because more water exits a capability to return it. Lymphatic collect excess tissue fluid and return it via lymphatic vessels by systematic way. Lymph nodes present along the length of lymphatic vessels fitter and purify lymph. Lymph nodes rich in lymphocytes and go to white blood that cell response to antigens to develop partial lymph capillaries that is calling lacteals.
Nervous system: Nervous system does not store nutrients. So it must take a continuous supply from blood. Any obstacle to flow of the blood may be damage our brain and we may be death. The nervous system is controlled and maintained by other parts of the body. The brain directs effectors to produce an adaptive response.
Endocrine system: The system contains eight major glands pavilion hormones into the blood. These hormones provide to various tissues and control various functions in the body such as sexual function, metabolism and growth function.
Respiratory system: Oxygen is inhaled and when it gets into alveoli of the lungs of the structures illustrate din. This system helps to take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide in the process. It is known as breathing. The system consists mainly of the trachea, the diaphragm and the lungs. Carbon dioxide is therefore exchanged for oxygen via the blood in the lungs.
Reproductive system: it help to human body to reproduce. Male reproductive system consists of the penis and the testes, which produce sperms. The female reproductive system, consists of the vagina, the uterus and the ovaries, which produce eggs. In conception, a sperm cell merge with an egg cell, that becomes a fertilized egg that implants and grows in the uterus (Stuss and Knight, 2002).
Routine data can be refers that data are recorded accordingly routine without any specific research question in the mind. A routine data are widely available that are discussed in the bellow:
Health outcome data such as hospital admission, deaths. Level of well-being from national survey and primary care consultation.
Exposures and health determinates data such as smoking, pollution and crime statistics
Disease prevention data such as screening update
Demography data such as Census population coots
Geographic data such as health authority boundaries, location of GP practices
The routine data are also useful for HIA example hospital outpatient and A&E attendances are not collected nationally. Routine data carefully use interpretation their quality, validity, bias, confounding and statistical stability. Health inequalities impact assessment of a policy or project where confined to routine
data has the following possible approaches:
Attempt quantitative assessment only where the target group can be distinguished
and is well recorded
Use qualitative evidence where quantitative data are hard to obtain or interpret
Focus on specific factors or components of health inequalities where identified
Recommend and use multi-factorial interventions to reduce inequalities
A number of o related risk factor involve in the socio-economic. Single socio-economic can be indicator can be used in HIA. There has not clear evidence that one evidence better than other evidence. It would be greatly use an indicator that can associate with health outcome to be analysis. There is huge indicator available in the world and ED level like Census-derived. For some data sets, such as mortality, infant mortality files and cancer registrations, individual level deprivation indicators may be available in the world such as such as social class, derived from occupation, or educational level). Since this area level and individual level may be free of impotence in the HIA or HILA use both indicator and compare the result with that are possible. Heath inequalities are available and some of this looks at relative difference such as relationship between best off and worst off and population attributes risk. More than one measure should be used both absolutes and relative relationship calculated go to get an accurate picture of the inequalities. HIAs could involve more complexity summary measure include statistical model.
There are three steps where routine data might be involved in HIA:
Community profiling: demographic profile and baseline disease profile
Modeling of impacts. this requires evidence that an association is causal,
Baseline rates, agreed effect estimates and reliable exposure measurements. Monitoring impacts of a policy or project.
Routine of the data also can be compare with data source and particularly data of the source that national routine data are show in board aggregation such as national smoking prevalence compare with a local survey. (Stuss and Knight, 2002)
Body temperature shows balance between heat production and heat loss. When rate of the heat generate equates to rate of the heat lost and the core body temperature will be stable. Core body temperature keep in the blood and this temperature provide different organism in the body by blood. Core temperature may be affected by intrinsic factors and, to a lesser degree, extrinsic (environmental) factors. Body temperature can be maintained. The thermoregulatory centre is located in the hypothalamus in the brain that consists by the heat-loss center and the heat promotion center coordinate response to maintain body temperature.
There have many clinical indications for measuring body temperature that given bellow:
To obtain a the baseline temperature to enable comparisons to be made with future recordings;
enable close observation in resolving hypothermia/hyperthermia;
To observe and monitor patients for changes indicating an infection;
To monitor the effect of treatment for antimicrobial therapy for infection;
Before and during a blood transfusion to monitor for signs of a reaction.
Pulse provides valuable information about the cardiovascular system by assessing the rhythm, strength. The rhythm of the pulse is regular that is reflecting the time interval between heart beat. The strength of the pulse correlates with volume of the blood. Pulse strength is represent as absent, strong, weak, diminished or blundering. Pulse is palpable different of body sites and radial pulse is access that checked frequently peripheral pulse. A normal adult pulse rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. Woman is usually slightly faster and children more rapid in. In gender and age, blood loss, body temperature, exercise and decreased oxygen saturation can all influence a patient’s pulse rate. Blood pressures represent blood force exerted by your blood against our arteries. It forces blood go out arteries to carry the blood throughout our body. The arteries located tapering off in size until they become tiny vessels, called capillaries. Generally our blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and recorded with the systolic number first, followed by the diastolic number. For example, a normal blood pressure would be recorded as something under 120/80 mm Hg. Routine data are most flexible that most useful for HIA held in the poor level of aggregation possible such as ward rather than district level postcode rather than local authority level. Generally input of the statistical should all time sought for quantitative HIAs to measure confidence interval and sample sizes needed to represent any predicated effects. This is specific essential for small area. Sometimes numbers of events of a condition are too small for statistically significant impacts to be detected in the required time span. Ways round this are:
aggregating areas e.g. wards rather than EDs
aggregating results over several years
aggregating age categories e.g. all ages rather than children
choosing a measure that includes less severe disease e.g. GP consultations rather than hospital admissions choosing a broader relevant category (e.g. respiratory illnesses rather than asthma)
Small indicator has been represent on interventions to minimize socio economic inequalities health and social. Most of the published job has concerned in the health and social care and attitude rather than effects of the physical and social environment. It is not clear which factors of deprivation have most affected on health and social care. It is influence on the health and social environment. The impact of intervention reduce inequalities in health may be small and the inequality is established through multiple event occurring throughout in the life. Important of the indicator for HIIA used to routine data were devised used the evidence represents to the Acheson inquiry into inequalities in the health of the areas of housing, education, transport, nutrition, children and mothers, young people, the elderly, adult of the working age. Others areas such as gender variation in health were not consideration and these indicators should be seen as suggestion and could be useful in the community profiling and monitoring in the HIA. HIIA may be limited of the small recording in the routine data such as homelessness, ethnicity. Routine data derived health inequalities indicators are likely to be limited by poor number of the factors and specific at communicated level. DeLisa, Gans and Walsh, 2005)
A personal health care is one types of record about the health data and information that is related to the care of a patient is maintained by the patient. The intention of a personal health care provides of information about the individual. Self-concept is signs of the disturbance such negative feeling about self, verbalization, daily living lack of participation and refusal to look at or touch stoma, Lack of plan for adapting to necessary change in lifestyle. Human body functioning is changes by encourage verbalization of feeling and noberbal response to the changes experience. Human body care must be aware about grieve the loss of usual manner bower elimination. Human sexual pattern must be measure and promote human body.
Health inequalities impact assessment of a policy or project where confined to routine
Data has the following possible approaches:
Attempt quantitative assessment only where the target group can be distinguished
and is well recorded
Use qualitative evidence where quantitative data are hard to obtain or interpret
Focus on specific factors or components of health inequalities where identified
Recommend and use multi-factorial interventions to reduce inequalities
It might include lifestyle and socio-economic factors where evidence on specific
Lack of the published in this area HIIA are likely to provide useful information in the different factors in the health and social factors. It is therefore important that HIIAs are conducted in a methodologically robust fashion. A factor responsible for health inequalities is limited. This system helps to human body to reproduction. Male reproductive system involves the penis and the testes, which produce sperm and female reproductive system, involve vagina, the uterus and the ovaries, which produce eggs. During conception, a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, which creates a fertilized egg that implants and grows in health and social care . (DeLisa, Gans and Walsh, 2005).
Cell is made by living tissue. All cell basic structure is same. Human body has different types of cell but this cell basic task is same. Tissues are layers of similar cell and Tissues do specific task. Our body has different types of tissues that keep together in the human body. There are four types of tissues discussed in the bellow:
Connective Tissues: Connected tissue supported of another tissues and they keep connected with each other. This involve bone, lymph, blood as well as tissues that support and structure to the skin and internal organs.
Epithelial tissue: These types of tissues provide a covering of our whole body. The skin and linings of the passages inside of the human body. Gastrointestinal system are made by epithelial tissue.
Muscle Tissues: There have three types of muscle tissue:
Striated muscle move skeleton. This tissue also called voluntary muscle.
Smooth muscles also called involuntary muscle that muscle main task is contained in the stomach and another internal organs.
Cardiac muscle is makes up most of the heart wall. This muscle also called involuntary muscle.
Nerve tissue: Nerve tissue is made by nerve cell that tissue used for carry message to different parts in the body. Our spinal cord, brain and peripheral nerves are made by nerve tissue (Hogstel, 2001).
Our body disease depends on both severity and diversity. Our body any part of function can contract a disease or have a disorder. Today human body are capable than ever before of combating this diseases and medicine is proceeding every day. There are different disorders
Skin Disorders: The skin susceptible to physical injury or infection by the bacteria, fungi, virus and exposure by sunlight. Rashes can be caused by allergic reaction and some disorders are hereditary.
Nervous system Disorders: When our body becomes damage to the nervous system through physical injury or disease impaired both physical and mental function. The nerve system may be affected by degenerative, infections, injury and tumors.
Cardiovascular Disorders: Our heart disease is common disease in our life. Our heart can be disease by restricted blood supply vital infection and heart muscle disorders. What we eat and the amount of exercise we get can affect our cardiovascular system.
Infections and Immune Disorders: Human body may be infected by protozoa, fungi, virus and bacteria. Human body immune systems work that combat these viruses. Our body immune system can be improving disorders. Our body have two types of immune system disorder; autoimmune and allergies disease where the immune system over reacts and immunodeficiency diseases this cause human body becomes too weak to cope with a threat.
Digestive Disorders: We consume different types of food due to we face different types of problem and different types of disease occurs in our body. Viral infections and cancer can also affect our digestive systems (Abou-Saleh, Katona and Kumar, 2011).
Cells are basic building block of tissues. Cells can be change with aging. Cells becomes larger and are less able to divided and multiply. The cells (lipids) can be fatty substances for increasing in pigment. Many of cells are lose their ability to function. If the connective tissue changes it becomes stiffer. Cell membranes change that tissues have more trouble getting oxygen and nutrients and reduce of the carbon dioxide and wastes. Many tissues lose mass because of cell and tissues changes our organs also change as our age. Some tissues become lumpy. Aging organs slowly lose their function. Most of the people do not notice this loss because our rarely need to use your organs. The heart of a 20 year old is capable of pumping of the heart about 10 times the amount of blood that is actually needed to keep the body alive. Pass of 30 years an average 1% of this reserve is lost each year.
.Things that produces an extra workload (body stressors) involves the following:
Illness
Medications
Significant life changes
Suddenly increased physical demands on the body, for example:
A sudden change in activity
Exposure to a higher altitude (Preedy, 2011)
Conclusion:
Human body is arranging very complexity. Every function is very important of human body. If one function will be stop, we must be death. Every part of the human body is very important for man life. Health and social care do offer consistent service of people. This service provide under health and social care area of people. Health and social care involve many types of service such as sociology, ethics, nutrition, law and biology. I am trying to discuses in this report about physiology health and social care. Physiology health and social care is many of functional activities in the human body. Physiological health and social care main task is do development the basic function of human body. There have many function like that physical, bio-electrical, and bio-chemical, mechanical etc. This types function improve is very important for good health.
It also involves organ as well as cellular system that make up this function.
Reference:
Abou-Saleh, M., Katona, C. and Kumar, A. (2011). Principles and practice of geriatric psychiatry. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwel
Donatelle, R. (2009). Health. San Francisco, CA: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings.
DeLisa, J., Gans, B. and Walsh, N. (2005). Physical medicine and rehabilitation. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
DeLisa, J., Gans, B. and Walsh, N. (2005). Physical medicine and rehabilitation. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Hogstel, M. (2001). Gerontology. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning.
Preedy, V. (2011). Diet and nutrition in palliative care. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Robertson, D. and Williams, G. (2009). Clinical and translational science. Amsterdam: Academic.
stus Stuss, D. and Knight, R. (2002). Principles of frontal lobe function. Oxford: Oxford University Press.s, D. and Knight, R. (2002). Principles of frontal lobe function. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Walker, J. and Payne, S. (2004). Psychology for nurses and the caring professions. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Yarbro, C., Wujcik, D. and Gobel, B. (2011). Cancer nursing. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
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