Discuss about the Promoting Healthy Ageing for Journal of Nursing.
According to Bousquet et al. (2015), health is a multi-dimensional concept that deals with both the physical and mental health of the person. The concept of active and healthy ageing was first proposed by World Health Organisation towards the process of optimizing the opportunities of health and thereby enhancing the quality of life of the people as they age. According to WHO (2012), the concept of healthy ageing signifies the process of developing and maintaining the standard functional ability that facilitates well-being in the later stages of life. The population in Australia is ageing fast and this associated with the increase in the cost of the medical care and other care giving process to the older group of population Morgan et al. (2012). The following essay aims to analyse the process of interview conduction with an person more than 50 years of age along with a detailed examination of the health issues creating barriers towards the process of healthy ageing.
The interview was conducted with a 55 year old female (Mrs. X: hypothetical) who lives with her son and is suffering from depression. I have chosen her home for the conduction of interview and not her clinic. The reason behind this is, according to Sivell et al. (2015), conducting interview under a comfortable and previously known set-up of the interview helps in gaining accurate and authentic response moreover, and it also helps to decrease the stress factor and anxiety among the older group of people. I have also conducted the interview in the presence of her son. According Doody, Slevin and Taggart (2013), conducting interview of an older people under the presence of a family members help to gather exact information.
I conducted the interview in the living area of the house as selected by my client who preferred sit over the sofa during the entire interview process as she said it is the most favourite place in her room. The main techniques used for data collection is recording her entire interview transcript in a recorder along with writing done some crucial quotes which I felt important for analysing the main health issues. I also took consent from Mrs. X before initiation of the interview via stating the purpose of the interview along with other details like her identity will be kept confidential and she is allowed to leave the process of interview at any point of time (Kleinpell et al., 2014).
My overall experience of conducting the interview was very interactive that also provided me learning experience in dealing with the older group of patients’ population. However, initially, she was taking time to respond to my questions or rather was not open to me. But my friendly gestures helped her to share her comfort zone with me. The main areas which are given profuse importance while conducting the interview include active listening, sympathizing with the client’s condition along with the maintenance of non-verbal communication like posture, eye contact and facial expression so that the interviewee may feel that interviewer is listening to each and every words articulated by her (Doody, Slevin & Taggart, 2013). Moreover, taking her age into consideration, at times she was speaking so sofetely that it was becoming difficult for me to understand her words but I did not asked her to repeat her sentence as it might affect her autonomy. I rather tried to listen to her each and every word attentively along with recording her speech and then trying to comprehend each and every sentence in details.
The main factors which were analysed while conducting the interview includes Mrs. X is suffering from lack of companionship after she lost her husband. This is evident from her quotes, “after my husband passed away, I feel extremely lonely and my son also remains busy with his work and hardly can make time for me”. Moreover while telling the incidence about the death of her husband 5 years back, she was getting lost through her conversation and her voice is getting cracked. She also reported that she miss her husband a lot and no longer wants to survive in this world alone. Thus this clearly represents that she is suffering from late life depression (Szanto et al. 2012). She also reported that she suffers from lack of appetite and hates to cook for herself when she is alone at home. When I visited her kitchen in order to fetch water for myself I saw that the kitchen is extremely dirty with food particles scattered throughout and bees flying over it. Moreover, his son also found saying that, “Mom refuses to go out of home and lacks social participation; she keeps herself confined within home for days after days”. Thus it is it can be said that Mrs. X lack social and community level participation. Moreover, she also mentioned that she is facing pain in her knees along with difficult in walking without support. According to Greenspan et al. (2012), pain in knee joint is common in women who are over 50 years of age and mainly occurs due to osteoporosis and lack of treatment along with walking support can result in accidental fall and other mobility related complications. According to Ungar et al. (2013), women suffering from osteoporosis might encounter accidental falls leading to fatal injury and main treatment include proper medication control of osteoporosis along with physiotherapy.
Thus it can be said that her lack of social contact, loss of companionship, lack of appetite or lack of proper diet, basic level hygiene and mobility problems are the principal barriers towards healthy ageing.
The interview process acted as a learning lesson for me. It helped me to understand that sympathizing and active listening helps to gain the confidence of the interview and thereby getting success in extracting important information. The new learning which I came up with while conducting the interview is lack of companionship or emotional support from the family members can force the aged group of population to pass on to depression and this affects their quality of life along with the path of healthy aging. I also noticed that clinical practise has changed. At present the clinical practise is mainly based on nursing reflection and then generating therapeutic plan on the basis of evidence based practise.
Thus from the above discussion it can be concluded that environment, hygiene, social participation and proper diet are the main factors promoting towards health ageing. It can also be said that clinical reasoning cycle is the best possible nursing approach to gather relevant clues and information followed by processing of information. The processing of information helps in the identification of the problems areas along with framing recommendation via evidence based practise.
References
Bousquet, J., Kuh, D., Bewick, M., Standberg, T., Farrell, J., Pengelly, R., … & Camuzat, T. (2015). Operational definition of active and healthy ageing (AHA): a conceptual framework. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 19(9), 955-960. doi: 10.1007/s12603-015-0589-6.
Doody, O., Slevin, E., & Taggart, L. (2013). Focus group interviews in nursing research: part 1. British Journal of Nursing, 22(1), 16-19. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2013.22.1.16
Greenspan, S. L., Wyman, A., Hooven, F. H., Adami, S., Gehlbach, S., Anderson Jr, F. A., … & Pfeilschifter, J. (2012). Predictors of treatment with osteoporosis medications after recent fragility fractures in a multinational cohort of postmenopausal women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(3), 455-461. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03854.x
Kleinpell, R., Scanlon, A., Hibbert, D., Ganz, F., East, L., Fraser, D., … & Beauchesne, M. (2014). Addressing issues impacting advanced nursing practice worldwide. Online journal of issues in nursing, 19(1). Retrieved from: https://ojin.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-19-2014/No2-May-2014/Advanced-Nursing-Practice-Worldwide.html
Morgan, T. K., Williamson, M., Pirotta, M., Stewart, K., Myers, S. P., & Barnes, J. (2012). A national census of medicines use: a 24-hour snapshot of Australians aged 50 years and older. Med J Aust, 196(1), 50-3. doi: 10.5694/mja11.10698
Sivell, S., Prout, H., Hopewell-Kelly, N., Baillie, J., Byrne, A., Edwards, M., … & Nelson, A. (2015). Considerations and recommendations for conducting qualitative research interviews with palliative and end-of-life care patients in the home setting: a consensus paper. BMJ supportive & palliative care, bmjspcare. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2015-000892
Szanto, K., Dombrovski, A. Y., Sahakian, B. J., Mulsant, B. H., Houck, P. R., Reynolds, C. F., & Clark, L. (2012). Social emotion recognition, social functioning, and attempted suicide in late-life depression. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(3), 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31820eea0c
Ungar, A., Rafanelli, M., Iacomelli, I., Brunetti, M. A., Ceccofiglio, A., Tesi, F., & Marchionni, N. (2013). Fall prevention in the elderly. Clinical Cases in mineral and bone metabolism, 10(2), 91.Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3797008/
World Health Organization. (2012). World Health Day 2012: ageing and health: toolkit for event organizers. Retrieved from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/70840/WHO_DCO_WHD_2012.1_eng.pdf;jsessionid=79F129EBF5ADB2C2A5F15C49419191A0?sequence=1
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