Grooming and Etiquette is very important and is the main as well foremost important quality for those who is working or plan to work in the Hospitality Industry. Extract of grooming and etiquettes that can be easily understood are ready smile, confidence, eye contact, good posture and body language, excellent grooming, pleasant personality, good hygiene, ability to mingle with everyone, extrovert character, good communication skills and readiness in any situation. These are the aspects that a student of Hospitality Courses and adults planning to involve in hospitality world needs to consider.
One needs all these qualities in order to succeed and hold a powerful position in the world of hospitality.
Grooming is important if you want to feel confident and project a positive self-image of yourself. For a good impression, grooming is a must. Grooming also involves dressing, hairstyle, and etiquette. First of all, what is grooming?
Grooming can be understood as an outward appearance which is the window of your personality to the world.
You do not only dress for others but for yourself too. External appearance is important because that gives the first impression to others about your personality.
Two Major Reasons:
If we look good we will feel good.
According to Wikipedia, etiquette is defined as code of behaviour that delineates expectations for social behaviour according to contemporary conventional norms within a society, social class, or group.
Therefore, grooming and etiquette is an important aspect for one to present themselves to the outer world. It creates positive impressions, increases confidence and self-esteem, enhancing communication skills and is also improving customer relations.
Process of making ourself look attractive, neat and appear beautiful on the exterior part of body to the outer world. Process of making ourself look attractive, neat and appear beautiful on the exterior part of body to the outer world. Etiquette is simply courtesy to others. We recognize general categories of manners as ’formal’ or ’informal’. Etiquette is simply courtesy to others. We recognize general categories of manners as ’formal’ or ’informal’.
History of female grooming is emphasized more on their skin and the hair on their skin. For centuries, women have pursued smooth, hairless skin to make them feel more feminine. More recently, however, new methods and dramatic product improvements have changed the way women remove hair.
Hair removal research reveals that many of today’s techniques are hardly new. As early as the Stone Ages, women were removing unwanted hair by scraping it away with sharpened rocks and sea shells. The ancient Egyptians developed hot waxing, and Cleopatra is even rumored to have created a depilatory concoction containing arsenic tri-sulphide as an ingredient. Early Arabian women used threading and created the ‘bandandoz’, the precursor of the modern epilator, which consisted of a cotton thread laced between their fingers. In the early 18th century, American women prepared poultices of caustic lye, which, when applied to legs, burned away unwanted hair.
Cultural changes, new trends and technological advances prompted women to remove hair from different parts of their bodies. It wasn’t until the 20th century that hair removal shifted from the virtually exclusive domain of men. During the post-Victorian era, particularly in the United States, women’s fashions dictated the removal of hair from both legs and underarms. Smooth, clean-shaven legs took on a new appeal during the early days of World War II in the United States. Nylon hosiery became scarce, causing women who had to go without stockings to apply leg makeup instead. These American women appeared to be wearing hose with the help of makeup, complete with a seam up the back of the leg applied with a black marker. Smooth, hairless legs made this illusion much easier to achieve.
Since then, the appeal of clean, smooth, hairless legs, underarms, bikini, forearms and faces for women has not diminished. Hair removal has become as much a part of women’s beauty routines as conditioning hair or applying lipstick. Hair-removal products and techniques have changed, yet the desired result—soft, smooth, hair-free skin—remains the same.
Hair is apart of an important aspect that clearly shows the development of the history of the grooming. In the heat of Egypt, noblemen and women clipped their hair close to the head. But for ceremonial occasions heavy, curly black wigs were donned. Women’s wigs were often long and braided, adorned with gold ornaments or ivory hairpins. Men’s faces were generally clean shaved, but stiff false beards were sometimes worn.
In classical Greece women’s hair was long and pulled back into a chignon. Many dyed their hair red with henna and sprinkled it with gold powder, often adorning it with fresh flowers or jewelled tiara’s. Men’s hair was short and even shaved on occasion.
In austere Rome the tendency was to follow Greek styles. The upper classes would use curling irons and favoured the gold powdered look of the Greeks. Women often dyed their hair blonde or wore wigs made from hair of captive civilization slaves. Later, hairstyles became more ornate with hair curled tight and piled high on the head often shaped around wire frames. Hairdressing became popular and the upper classes were attended to by slaves or visited public barber shops.
Amongst the Muslim community the hair was traditionally concealed in public. Men wore a turban or fez and womens hair was hidden under the traditional veil. Both men and women visited the local public baths for grooming where the mans head and face were shaved and omens long hair was given a henna rinse.
Unmarried Chinese girls hair was usually worn long and braided whilst women combed the hair back from the face and wound into a knot at the nape. The Manchu regime of the time dictated that men shaved the front of the head and wore the back hair long and braided, tied with black silk.
Males in Japan also shaved the front of the head but kept the back hair pulled tightly into a short stiff ponytail. During the Medieval period women’s hair had been long and loose but by the 17th century the hair became more styled, swept up from the nape of the neck and adorned with pins and jewelled combs. Geisha women’s hairdo’s were especially elaborate, high and heavily lacquered and often enhanced with hairpieces.
Due to the many tribal customs African hairstyles were many and varied and usually signified status. Masai warriors tied the front hair into sections of tiny braids whilst the back hair was allowed to grow to waist length. Non-warriors and women, however shaved their heads. Many tribes dyed the hair with red earth and grease — some even stiffened it with animal dung. The complex style of the Mangbetu women involved plaiting the hair thinly and arranging over a cone-shaped basket frame, flaring the top then adorning the whole thing with long, bone needles. Other tribes such as the Miango took amore simple approach, covering their long ponytails with a headscarf and adorning with leaves.
Native American Indians were divided in their hairstyles — those on the East Coast sporting entirely shaved heads save for a ridge of hair along the crown, whilst Plains Indians, both men and women, wore the recognized long braids adorned with feathers. Further South the Incas sported black headbands over relatively, short often bobbed hair, whilst Aztec women plaited their hair entwined with strips of coloured cloth then wound around the head. The Mayan nobility, although having shaved heads, donned high, ornate headdresses.
In the 15th century — The Renaissance period — the ladies of the upper classes really took ‘plucking’ to its limit! If you think tweezing the odd eyebrow here and there is painful, imagine yourself plucking the entire front hairline away to give the appearance of a higher forehead! The rest of the hair was tightly scraped back to show off the elaborate headdresses of the day. This was a practise common in Europe whereas the upper class ladies of Italy preferred to cover the hairline with low caps and jewelled turbans. They did, however, envy the fairer hair of Northern Europeans and sat for many hours in the heat of the sun in an attempt to Bleach their hair.
The ‘bleach’ of the day was made using either saffron or onion skins! However, by the 16th century Queen Elizabeth was the main female icon and set the trends for the era. Her lily-white complexion and red tresses set women everywhere rushing for copious amounts of white face powder and red wigs. Thos really serious about achieving a pallid complexion used the very successful but highly poisonous white lead, adding glowing cheeks with — lead based rouge! Follow this with a thin layer of egg-white to bind it all together and you were ready to party.
The 18th century saw the emergence of elaborate wigs, mile-high coiffures and highly decorated curls. White powdered wigs with long ringlets were the order of the day often tied back with a black bow for men or decorated with feathers, bows and garlands for women. Big hair was definitely the ‘in’ thing and many styles were modelled over a cage frame or horsehair pads — the bigger the better. Some immensely tall coiffures took hours to create and were heavily starched and powdered.
However, the length of time spent creating these elaborate styles did mean that weeks went by between styling and the mixture of horsehair and heavy powder created perfect nesting material for vermin! This didn’t seem to put them off though, and some adventurous souls had mini gardens or maritime scenes complete with model ship incorporated into their style — in fact it was not unknown for imaginative ladies to create mini-bird cages complete with birds on top of their heads!
Following the decadence of the previous era, the Victorians took a much more subdued and puritanical line. Middleclass ladies, although not abandoning make-up completely, did tone things down considerably with more of an emphasis on natural beauty. A Victorian lady would play up her natural features and aimed at a healthy hygienic look. Hair was supposed to look sleek, shiny and healthy and styles were altogether more elegant and demure.
The hair was often smoothed down with oils and curled into long ringlets, fringes were short and decoration was more subtle. Hairnets were often worn during the day to keep curls confined and clipped to the back of the head with a simple ivory comb or black bow. Later in the century hair was often plaited and wound into heavy coils pinned neatly to the nape of the neck. Neatness was the order of the day and ‘loose’ hair would have been considered vulgar. Men of the time kept their hair relatively short, pomaded with macassar oil and most would have worn some form of moustache, beard and sideburns.
1920’s society very much abandoned the puritanical standards and constraints of Victorian life. The ‘Roaring Twenties’ saw the emergence of short, bobbed and waved styles, signifying the new independent, free-spirited, free-woman ethos of the day. Women increasingly had access to cinema and theatre and trends were set by the ‘superstars’ of the time. Make-up was very much back in fashion — powder, rouge and very red lips were ‘in’ albeit in a more demure way than the earlier 18th century Style. Men’s hair remained short, as in the Victorian era but was most often worn with a centre parting and slicked back using brilliantine and highly perfumed oils.
1940’s women continued to follow their on-screen idols, with the emphasis on feminine, romantic styles. Soft curls falling onto the shoulders or long, wavy natural looks were popular and for the first time sun-tans became popular — probably inspired by Hollywood starlets. Of course these styles would have been saved for evening wear — as the war years raged something of a more practical nature was needed. Many women worked either on the land or in the munitions factories, and as shampoo and non-essential items were hard to come by fashion was often dictated by practicality. Practical women wore their hair in a neat roll around the nape and over the ears, often covered with a headscarf knotted at the front leaving only the fringe exposed. Plastic hair rollers were an essential part of styling as was styling lotion to hold the hair in place for as long as possible.
By the 1950’s, with the constraints of war at an end, glamour became popular and women attempted to achieve a look what implied ‘domestic goddess’ The impression that all household chores could be accomplished whilst still looking stylish and well groomed was aspired to. Returning to the home duties after the demands of war-time meant women could spend more time on achieving the ‘50’s ideal of beauty.
Eyebrows, mascara and eyeliner became heavier with intense coloured lips highlighting a pale complexion. Hair began to suffer abuse however and was teased, sculpted, sprayed, permanently waved and forced into perfectly formed curls. Hair often resembled a perfect helmet and women started to visit salons on a weekly basis for he ‘shampoo and set.’ Men of the day were also prepared to spend time copying their idols James Dean and Elvis and greased back hairdo’s were coupled with long, heavy sideburns.
Complex hair styles were definitely ‘out’ in the 1960’s. Women were once again moving into the workplace and needed to adopt a more achievable style for a day-time look. Many favoured short, back-combed hairstyles that could be quickly styled and held in place with hair spray, softened with a long, feminine fringe. Younger women who left their hair longer tended to wear it loose or in a simple ponytail, adorning it with flowers or ribbons during the fashionable ‘hippy’ phase. Both hair and make-up was kept simple, the emphasis being on natural, healthy looks — the all American girl-next-door look was widely popular. Blonde was the colour to be and darker hair was often given highlights and the sun-kissed look by soaking strands of hair in lemon juice and sitting in the sun.
Long, free and natural best describes hair in the 1970’s. Manes of free-falling curls, soft partings and long fringes were complemented by bronzed skin and glossy lips, soft tailored clothes and the ultimate aim was soft, feminine and romantic. The cult-series ‘Charlies Angels’ depicted everything that ‘70’s woman should be. Even male styling became softer with ‘feathered’ cuts, highlights and soft layers. Use of products was limited as the aim was ‘natural’ looking hair and products were marketed accordingly with an increase in the use of plant and herb extracts. Towards the end of the era though, certain sections rebelled against this floral, romantic image and the distinctive if somewhat shocking looks of the ‘Punk’ briefly pre-vailed. Spiked hair, dyed vivid primary or fluorescent colours, tattooed scalps or outrageous Mohicans ‘graced’ the high streets.
The “Age of Excess”, otherwise known as the 1980’s saw less constraints and more freedom of choice in styles and trends. People were no longer prepared to conform to a set image and many variances occurred. On the one hand were the ‘power dressers’ — immaculate women with strong tailored clothes and meticulously groomed hairstyles. The long-bob was highly favoured-precisely cut and evenly curled under, a good hairdresser was an essential part of this woman’s life. This woman’s hairstyle reflected ‘control’, a busy work life, a hectic social life but on top of it all — even her hair style!The rebellious element on the other hand were busy following Madonna’s ever-changing style and were willing to sport unconventional, choppy off-coloured hairdo’s, to match their unconventional, eccentric clothing.
During the 1990’s hair and beauty styles were constantly changing and pretty much anything was acceptable. A huge fad was the ‘Rachel’ cut, Jennifer Aniston’s character in ‘Friends’ hair was long and sleek with longer length layers, a ‘grown-out’ fringe and framed with highlights around the face. Also extremely popular were short, choppy styles as Meg Ryans and many variations on the same theme. Messed-up hair was very much in but whether long or short it seemed the whole world had definitely gone blonde! Multi-toned highlights, all over blonde — any shade of blonde in fact, even previously brunette models and film stars turned blonde. With golden tresses and full, pouty glossy lips and sultry eyes the look was definitely a throwback to the Bridget Bardot ‘Sex Kitten’ style.
Men on the other hand were very minimalist in their approach — shaved heads being the order of the day. In fact anything over an inch was deemed long and there was a new trend for products. Prior to the nineties men had made do with shampoo alone, or occasionally pinched the girlfriends hair gel but the ‘new man’ image encouraged companies to produce all kinds of new products for men. With new all-male packaging of men’s toiletries it became completely The female of the species has a reputation for vanity which far exceeds that of their male counterparts, but history has a different story to tell. In the early 2000s, a new kind of heterosexual man emerged. It was the man who visited beauty salons, was interested in fashion and proudly manicured his appearance. Media and popular culture labelled him the ‘metrosexual’ and although it seemed like a new trend, history shows that male preening goes back further than the confessions of David Beckham and Ian Thorpe.
In nature, some male species are more adorned than the female. The feather train on male peacocks is among the most striking and beautiful physical attributes in nature, and the male lion is the one with the mane.
In various cultures throughout history, males have aimed to look impressive, either as part of ritual or religious ceremonies, to mark rites of passage or to emphasise rank or status.
In the Samoan Islands men were traditionally tattooed from waist to knees. Samoan boys were tattooed at the age of 16 to 18 in a group ceremony that served to reinforce societal authority. In battle, tattoos were thought to confer magical protection.
Maori men of New Zealand had their faces tattooed by an artist of ‘moko’, a technique unique to the Maori. The process, which was extremely painful, was typically done in stages, starting in early adulthood. Maori facial tattoos were indications of power and prestige, designed to impress and intimidate, especially in battle. Since no two patterns were alike, men’s facial tattoos were also markers of identity. The removal of body hair was a common practice in many ancient civilisations. The Greeks believed being civilised meant being smooth, and the Egyptians removed hair to prevent infestation by lice, fleas and other parasites. Ancient Egyptian priests also shaved all over daily to present a ‘pure’ body before the images of the gods.
In ancient India, hair on the chest and pubic area was shaved every fourth day, and in Roman times the first hair removal of a young male marked the arrival of his masculinity and adulthood.
While there was much emphasis on the removal of hair, there was also great concern about baldness. A full head of hair typically has been synonymous with youth and virility, so potions and lotions claiming to stimulate hair growth for men have a long history. Egyptian remedies dating as far back as 1500BC prescribed remedies made of ibex, crocodile, lion fat, human nail clippings and singed hedgehog bristles. Ancient Roman physicians prescribed weekly applications of boiled snakes, and Roman men painted locks on their bald heads.
The elite and powerful went to great lengths to disguise their baldness. Julius Caesar wore his trademark ceremonial wreath to disguise his shrinking hairline and Hannibal wore a wig into battle and had a second on hand for social occasions. Hippocrates, obsessed with his own hair loss, mixed opium with floral essences, wine and pigeon dung as a cure.
Throughout the Middle Ages, monks and alchemists searched for baldness cures and guarded these secret remedies. Seventeenth century English noblemen rubbed a mix of Indian tea and lemon onto their bald scalps, while the less noble used chicken droppings. In the 19th century American West even the tough and supposedly imageindifferent cowboys lined up at medicine shows to buy snake oil concoctions.
During Elizabethan times male grooming hit another boom. Treatments included rosemary water for the hair and sage to whiten the teeth. Other historical examples of male adornment in this era include the leg-revealing stockings and codpieces that were designed to emphasise male genitalia and which were eventually padded and enlarged.
Wigs, forbidden by the Church throughout the Middle Ages because they suggested vanity and worldliness, had become common by the 15th century and reached the height of fashion for the wealthy in 17th century France. Louis XIII, balding by the age of 23, made wigs immensely popular at the French court and their use soon spread throughout Europe. These wigs became symbols of wealth and status and the white powder (often flour) made them look older, therefore wiser.
Beauty spots were also common, with placement indicating a message: for example, a beauty spot at the corner of the eye was an indication of passion. In the newly created United States, wigs were an essential fashion accessory for men but they were never as ostentatious as at the French court. Still, they indicated social status — hence the origin of the term ‘bigwig’.
Men who took great pride in their dress and appearance in mid-18th century England were known as maccaronis. These aristocratic men were known to exceed the ordinary bounds of fashion, with tall, powdered wigs, rouge and spying glasses. Anything that was highly fashionable was labelled ‘very maccaroni’.
The maccaronis were precursors to the dandies who, far from their present connotation of effeminacy, came as a more masculine reaction to the excesses of the maccaroni. A dandy was a man who placed particular importance upon physical appearance. The model dandy in late 18th and early 19th century British society was Beau Brummell, who changed men’s fashion in England. He established the mode of men wearing understated but fitted, beautifully cut clothes, adorned with an elaborately knotted cravat.
Brummell is credited with introducing the modern man’s suit, worn with a tie. High heels and knee breeches went out of style. He claimed to take five hours to dress and recommended boots be polished with champagne. Throughout the 20th century the main grooming concern for a man was his hair. Men wore specific hairstyles to project a certain image.
In the 1920s, the impact of cinema was felt for the first time. Fashion-conscious men wore their hair parted in or near the centre and slicked back with brilliantine — an oily, perfumed substance that added shine and kept hair in place.
Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Hollywood stars were setting the trends. Men continued to wear their hair short and often slicked back with oil, and skinny trimmed moustaches were popularised by stars such as Errol Flynn.
Hip white men in the 1950s wore their hair in a DA (short for duck’s ass). Formed by combing longish hair into elaborate waves and holding it in place with hair grease, the hairstyle took off when it was worn by stars such as James Dean and Elvis Presley. It was usually coupled with long, thick sideburns.
When the Beatles appeared on the Ed Sullivan Show in 1964, their ‘mop tops’ created a revolution in men’s hairstyles, making long hair fashionable for the first time since the 18th century. The influence of the hippie movement advocated a natural, wild look and a complete rejection of cosmetics, while the rise of black pride prompted many African Americans to adopt the afro.
Hair became the symbol of the 1970s, evolving into perhaps the most powerful means of making a statement. For most of the decade, men and women wore their hair long, natural and free. This changed radically with the punk movement when young men went for a deliberately shocking stylised tough look that included spiked hairdos, sometimes dyed bright colours, shaved and tattooed scalps, and facial piercings.
In the 1980s, the ‘age of excess’ was easily translated into hairstyles. In general, bigger was better. Teenage boys adapted the punk-influenced spiked hairstyle which sometimes included a small braid at the back of the neck (the rat tail). The infamous mullet became popular, partly due to the influence of glam rock artist David Bowie.
The grunge movement of the 1990s popularised an unkempt, natural style in opposition to the artificial looks of the 80s. Long, matted and unstyled hair characterised this look, and tattoos as well as tongue, eyebrow and nose piercings became popular among young men.
By the end of the 20th century, men became interested in cosmetic products formerly regarded as ‘unmanly’.
Recently, there has been an increase in the amount of money men spend on fashion as well as a higher demand for male cosmetic procedures. Magazine publishers have established men’s titles such as Men’s Health and GQ. Even the blokier ones such as FHM and Ralph have increased their fashion and skincare coverage.
Although it is often assumed that females are more concerned with their looks than males, men have a long history of elaborate adornment. The appearance concerns and grooming habits of today’s metrosexual are not so far from those of men through the ages after all. acceptable for men’s bathrooms to sport as many products as females.
While the cosmetics industry regularly produces new products, makeup itself is anything but new. Since the dawn of time, women (and men) have applied a wide variety of products to enhance their faces and improve their natural beauty.
Research shows that human beings have been using makeup for over 50,000 years. Neanderthals used yellow foundation-type pigments and red powders for ritual purposes. In the 4th century B.C., upper class Egyptian women applied scented oils, creams made from the fat of sheep and eye paint. Egyptians were the first to record their use of makeup in tomb paintings and used natural ingredients like unguent, a hydrating substance, and kohl (soot) to beautify their skin and call attention to their eyes. Ancient Egyptians extracted purplish-red dye from seaweed and combined it with iodine and bromine (which resulted in serious illness) to create an early form of lipstick.
Cleopatra had her lipstick made from crushed carmine beetles and ants, which produced a deep red pigment. Sarah Vickery, P;G Beauty ; Grooming Principal Scientist, discusses how the Colour Science program allows P;G Beauty ; Grooming scientists to create natural-looking skin foundation shades and vibrant colour cosmetics schemes that enable women to convey certain messages about themselves to others. Similar to the Egyptians, First Century Romans also used kohl as an early form of eyeliner and mascara.
Pure white skin, a sign of the upper class, was the most important feature of Roman beauty and women and men would apply face whitener, such as chalk powder or white lead to their faces. The fact that Romans were aware that lead was dangerous, yet still willingly applied it to their faces, demonstrates how much they valued the appearance of their skin. During this time, women in the Far East, particularly the Chinese and Japanese, were staining their faces with a powder made of rice to make their complexions appear alabaster.
Although altering your appearance through makeup was frowned upon by religious leaders, women continued to expand their use of makeup. European cultures of the Middle Ages also valued pale, white skin, as a pristine complexion was an important sign of wealth and status. Having tan skin implied that you spent time outside, likely having to conduct manual labor on a farm, while those with lighter complexions could afford to spend their days inside. In the 13th century, women slowly began to introduce subtle pinks into their face makeup, an even greater sign of affluence — if you had the money to have died, pink makeup, surely you were wealthy.
In Elizabethan times, makeup took on a new role, as it was used to disguise disease. Women wore heavy face makeup to conceal their illnesses and covered their faces in egg whites for a “healthy glaze appearance.” The combination of bright white faces and striking red lips became popular during this time. In Victorian England, makeup fell from favor, as it began an association with prostitutes, causing Queen Victoria to publicly declare cosmetics as vulgar and improper. Women, however, remained concerned with protecting their skin from the sun and used a variety of natural ingredients like honey, rosewater and oatmeal on their faces as opposed to products found in apothecaries (early pharmacies). Ladies who did attempt to wear color on their faces secretly used beet juice or pinched their cheeks to add a subtle hint of pink or red.
The French are credited with bringing color back to makeup and it became popular for females in 19th century France to sport bright red lips and red cheeks. The French were responsible for developing more advanced scientific processes for the creation of new cosmetics, with zinc oxide bases replacing more dangerous substances such as lead and copper, and for manufacturing perfumes, which were created from aromatic natural ingredients like flowers and fruits. The makeup industry as we know it today came to life in the 1900s. The rise in popularity of modern media — television, movies, advertisements, etc. — is credited with helping to rapidly grow the makeup industry.
Popular Hollywood starlets like Jean Harlow, Greta Garbo and Marlene Dietrich appeared on the silver screen before millions of admiring fans around the world, wearing makeup and sporting a more modern, tanned look. World War II was followed by a boom of economic prosperity, which led to the acceleration of the industry, with many of the makeup brands that women know and wear today being created during this period. Ads for cosmetics, particularly lipsticks and mascaras, were plentiful and lead to the creation of the beauty magazine industry. Over the course of the last century, women began to wear more makeup and for different reasons — a more natural look during the day and a glamorous look in the evening. Consumers have become more sophisticated, demanding a variety of different products to meet their beauty and health needs, for example makeup that conceals aging or more recently, products made from the earth’s minerals.
In a nutshell, what I could conclude from this assignment work is that grooming and etiquette is very important to a person to succeed in life. I have learnt and able to capture many important points as well it made me realize that grooming and etiquette is the main aspect in my career which I am going to be involved after my studies. I will always carry myself and ensure I am always well groomed no matter what and where as it will reflect myself and my personality to the outer world. I want to be an example for others to realize the importance of grooming and etiquette. It’s the deeper part of success and surface part of human needs. I am very thankful to Ms……… for giving me the chance to do research and get the knowledge that I needed for my career and bright future.
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