Planning for a FIFA world cup can be one very complex project. One would prefer to plan for only one sporting event rather than a FIFA world cup (Kerzner& Belack, 2010). When coming up with a sporting event, one has to know how to provide security, prepare the stadium, to arrange for the ticket and also to make some hotel arrangement (Schmidt, 2009). A FIFA world cup requires that this is multiplied to the number of matches. Thus planning for a world cup always calls for proper project management otherwise it can easily fail.
The voice of customers can be explained as the requirements of customers in a product. It helps the seller to know the views that customers have towards a project (Kerzner, 2011). Thus the voice of customers in the FIFA world cup 2018 can be explained as what the customers expected from the world cup 2018. The following are some customers’ expectations for the FIFA 2018
Data localization in Russia requires that personal information for Russia citizens should not be recorded using the non-Russian ICT system. However, FIFA and some other agencies were given an exception.
The customer’s rights had to be secured by ensuring that proper legal requirement was put in place. FIFA came up with a strategy to ban the sale of tickets without following the appropriate procedure. The FIFA world cup trademarks had to be secured to.
Due to customers, demand FIFA had to come up with a simplified formula for the use of radio frequency spectrum. The application was easily made through online.
Russia is known for having cold weather. Football fans together with team players who visited Russia this year did not come from cold climatic conditions. Thus many were affected by the cold climatic conditions.
When a country gets the chance to host the world cup, it must make sure that it comes with some beautiful decorations (Kerzner, 2011).Russia came up with 12 beautiful stadiums which were located in 11 different cities across the country
Racism is a major challenge in the country of Russia. An issue that had been looked into during the world cup season. The world cup attracted people from diverse background. Thus Racism was much was expected
Some teams across the world have a great supporter. Fans are known to come up with songs, and funny habits. In fact, Russians alone are to be great football fans. Thus more was expected from them given that the world cup was in their country
After the games, it is very costly for the Russian government to keep the stadiums running thus the government was expected to come up with new ways on how they can continue sustaining the stadiums.
The world cup planners had to make sure that there were enough stadiums to hold the world cup (Müller, 2014). There were about 64 matches which were to be played within a period of 25 days. Every stadium was to be well designed and decorated to ensure that football fans had the best tourist experience .The planning team had to make sure that the foreign visitors get to have the best experience ever (Garcia, 2015). They needed to have something else they were doing when they were not watching the football. Thus the planners needed to make the people happy and busy. This would have contributed significantly to the Russian economy. It would have kept public disturbance and violence at a minimum thus improving the economy of Russia
There were very many football fans that had gone to Russia to watch the world cup (York, 2014). Therefore to make all these events successful the Russian government in line with the world cup project managers had to make sure that infrastructure was in good condition (Roudias, 2015). Otherwise, it was not easy to make the world cup event successful with poor infrastructure and transport system. Local police were also of great importance to ensure that the whole event run smoothly without chaos
The world cup happens to be one of the most important events which also attract a huge crowd and spectators. People start having the world cup excitement even before the world cup events start (Hahn, 2011). The event usually attracts huge media coverage from all across the board. Because of this quality parameters have to be continuously checked. Below are some of the quality parameters that must be continuously checked
One of the most important goals of a project is being able to meet the requirement of a project. Being able to meet the requirements of a project usually means the standards that a project must meet to have solved the problem of the user (Kerzner, 2011). One of the major goals of the FIFA world cup was to inspire and connect people through football. Besides the world cup leaves a legacy in every country where it is hosted
Stay within the budget
The project planners must make sure that whatever they do is within the budget. The total budget for the world cup 2018 was about 11.8 billion. Thus every project managers goal is to stay within. They should also let the government and private companies to access whether the project budget has some errors.
Some projects are thought to be within the budget, completed on time, but they do not make the customers happy (Roudias, 2015). The major goal of project managers is to make sure that customers are happy and that the project is delivered on time. The FIFA world cup meant to deliver value to all its customers. Delivering value usually include giving free travel, visa waivers and some fan guides(Lester, 2013)
A project must be completed within the stipulated time(Lester, 2013). A project is usually a temporal activity, and it usually has the time by which it should be completed (Zirin, 2016). Sometimes planners and team members are unable to finish a project on time because of some change in the requirements. When a project is based on the agile methodology, such changes have a great effect on a project (Hahn, 2011). To see the FIFA world cup, 2018 finished on time is one of the major goals of the project planners (Sy, 2012). A world cup is usually based on some fixed dates thus it must be completed on time.
It is usually very essay to achieve some project goals especially when project managers are working with happy team members (Garcia, 2015). Project managers need to make all the teams happy by creating an environment where every member know about his role in the team (Sy, 2012). The FIFA world cup planning and project management teams work under a local organising committee. During the world cup, 70% participants had a chance to participate in it. A lot of resources had been invested in this project. Thus it was easy to make the team members happy.
All resources needed to accomplish the FIFA world cup project were available.
FIFA was responsible for the all the world cup arrangements.
The FIFA world cup was to be held in Russia.
Only the 12 stadiums were to be used for the world cup events.
32 teams were also expected for the world cup event.
Implementation of Lean in FIFA world cup project management
Lean is one of the most effective methods of managing teams when delivering complex projects (Frawley &Adair, 2014). However Lean methodology is one of the simplest methods to implement and brings about a huge impact while implementing it (Wysocki, 2012). Lean management methodology is usually based on 5 principles (Frawley &Adair, 2014) (see appendices A). Before the project managers can implement this principle, he has to inform the team members about . He also has to start small and later spared the lean practices across the different departments (Wysocki, 2012). After preparing the team one also need to take specific steps to apply the principles. One also needs to tell his team members where every step in lean management is important aiming at making lean management an organisation culture
After preparing the team for the expected changes, lean managers also need to know the importance of teamwork. One has to differentiate between those activities that add value and those that are a waste (Garcia, 2015). Thus in FIFA world cup project managers needed to identify some activities that are just a waste to resources and those that add value to football sponsors and fans
After knowing the value that the team is supposed to produce, the other step is knowing the path it happens to get to the customer (Cottle, 2011). This is usually through the help of Kanban boards. Thus after the project team has come up with the best way it can offer the FIFA world cup 2018 it was supposed to come up with the best plan in which waste will be avoided.
Lean management flow is very important because any sought of waiting is a waste. One has to ensure smooth delivery of the product to the customers. Thus the project manager has to avoid any bottlenecks. Thus as a project manager, one has to be watchful of how projects flow. One has to check where projects are getting stuck and solve the problem (Cottle, 2011). Thus the project teams had to ensure that the FIFA world cup 2018 was delivered smoothly without fail one process getting stuck
After coming up with a flow of work one also needs to come up with a pull system. These means that new work has to be started when the team is ready and overproduction should be avoided (Garcia, 2015). The FIFA world needed to be delivered based on the needs of football fans across the world
Lean management always seeks to improve each process to avoid wastage. Thus The FIFA world cup project would have been effectively improved to meet the needs of the football fans and sponsors.
Project organization is a process concerned with coming up with decisions and arrangement that affect the whole process of a project (Westland& Kogan Page, 2010). This task usually involves organizing the method of the projects, the framework involved in the process. Basically, the project management organization usually requires structuring, configuration, and organization (Westland& Kogan Page, 2010). If this is implemented together with the lean methodology, it will make sure that the decisions made for the execution of the project are proper.
Implementation of project management organization together with the lean project management in the FIFA world cup 2018 would have ensured that good arrangement and decisions that pertain to each team and every match are made (Burton, 2011). This would have ensured that no inconveniences are encountered during the project processes
How Agile would have been combined with Lean project methodology In the FIFA world cup 2018
A project manager must handle all challenges have come about in a project. One needs to deliver quality based on the budget and the given time. Agile and Lean methodologies are commonly being used by the modern day project managers. Agile is not usually based on any specific approach or practices .Some methodologies like Scrum, XP, and Kanban are classified as agile project methodologies (Cottle, 2011).
Agile usually divides the project into small processes, therefore, minimising a lot of work planning and design. Instead of working for the whole project, agile usually break this project into small processes (See appendices B). Each process is usually assigned to a certain team to work on it. Agile methodology commonly promotes better communication. It helps people to stay updated when delivering a certainly given peace of value.
Agile was developed for optimized software development while lean came about to help optimize manufacturing value streams (Maylor. & Dawsonera, 2010). It is very much common today to find both of these methodologies being used together. Using his projects together helps one to break down the whole project into small measurable and manageable processes (Ellis, 2016). This makes it easy to deliver a project fast, within budget and of high quality
This process also breaks down a project into five processes. These processes include Initiation, planning, executing, controlling and closing. However, PMBOK cannot be thought to be a methodology rather it more of conventions and standards of managing different projects (Kerzner, 2011). Thus implementing Lean methods together with PMBOK will see the division of the entire project into the five projects (Frawley &Adair, 2014). Each stage will call for data analysis just like the lean methodology requires it and to makes sure that waste is eliminated it will be carried out based on the interests of the customer (Burton, 2011).
The implementation of the lean methods together with the PMBOK would have seen the FIFA world cup 2018 project divided into five stages since when the idea was conceived. Just like Prince 2, in PMBOK every step must be carried out based on the needs of the football fans across the world.
Lean six sigma usually help to optimize the way different companies do their jobs. It was first used in manufacturing companies. They are commonly used by companies to improve the quality of a product by reducing the non-value added activities and processes so that efficiency and customer satisfaction will be improved in a project (Burton, 2011). It also referred to as DMAIC which stands for define, measure, analyse, improve and control. This method could effectively be used in the past world cup. It would have assisted in knowing the needs of customers. It would have also assisted in defining the borders of a project. Generally, it would have been used effectively to know the needs of the customers
PRINCE2 and Lean project management in the FIFA world cup 2018
PRINCE2 usually stands for projects in the controlled environment. This method has principles which govern the entire projects. These principles include
This method is also made up of seven steps (Maylor. & Dawsonera, 2010). Which are the startup, directing, initiation, controlling, managing the delivery of the project, managing the stages and closing the project? These methods must be implemented by project managers who are well familiar with it (Snyder, 2018). It is very easy to implement lean together with the PRINCE2 methodology. When these methodologies are used together the needs of customers will be met at every stage because of the presence of data. If lean was used together with PRINCE2 methodology it would have assisted by dividing the world cup projects into seven stages in each stage there was data analysis which would help to execute the given phase based on the needs of customers.
Conclusion
Combining methodologies is one of the major techniques being used in the various project. To deliver a perfect world cup, there was the need to combine different methodologies (Ellis, 2016). At times it might seem challenging, but it is one of the best ways to ensure that a project meets quality time and budget
References
Burton, T. T. (2011). Accelerating lean six sigma results: How to achieve improvement excellence in the new economy. Ft. Lauderdale, FL: J. Ross Pub.
Cottle, E. (Ed.). (2011). South Africa’s World Cup: A legacy for whom? Scottsville, South Africa: the University of Navarro, -Natal Press
Ellis, G. (2016). Project management in product development: Leadership skills and management techniques to deliver great products. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Frawley, S., & Adair, D. (2014). Managing the football world cup IN: Macmillan.
Garcia.L .K. (2015, May 11). Brazil’s World Cup legacy includes $550M stadium-turned-parking lot. NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/05/11/405955547/brazils-world-cup-legacy-includes-550m-stadium-turned-parking-lot
Hahn, V. G. (2011). Creating sustainable shareholder value with Lean Six Sigma: Evaluation and portfolio selection of Lean Six Sigma projects. Lohmar: Eul.
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Kerzner, H. (2011). Project management metrics, KPIs, and dashboards: A guide to measuring and monitoring project performance. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.
Müller, M. (2014). After Sochi 2014: Costs and impacts of Russia’s Olympic Games. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 55, 628-655. doi:10.1080/15387216.2015.1040432
Martha, M., & Voakes, K. (2015). Over budget and underprepared – Are Russians stadiums ready to host the World Cup?. Goal.com. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
Maylor, H., & Dawsonera. (2010). Project management. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Newton, R. (2013). The project management book. Indianapolis, IN Wiley.
Roudias, J. (2015). Mastering principles and practices in PMBOK, PRINCE2, and Scrum: Using essential project management methods to deliver effective and efficient projects. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education/FT Press.
Schmidt, T. (2009). Strategic project management made simple: Practical tools for leaders and teams. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons.
Snyder, C. (2018). A project manager’s book of tools and techniques: A companion to the PMBOK Guide.
Sy, D. R. (2012). SharePoint 2010 for project management. Farnham: O’Reilly.
Westland, J., & Kogan Page. (2010). The Project management life cycle: A complete step-by-step methodology for initiating, planning, executing & closing a project successfully. London and Philadelphia: Kogan Page.
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York, G. (2014, June 8). How South Africa can offer Russi a World Cup lesson. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/world-cup/white-elephants/article19064519/
Zirin, D. (2016, March 21). How the Rio world cup could cement a Brazilian coup. The Nation. Retrieved from https://www.thenation.com/article/how-the-rio-olympics-could-cement-a-brazilian-coup/
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