Project management is a process used in managing a particular project start from planning to the execution of project plan. A new product launched by an entity creates project management plan that covers every activity clearly by the product development manager.
I have learned from my experience that every project plan has a unique aspect created by an individual with different aims and objectives. Time is a differential factor for all the activities allocated to a project.
Three events observed in the product launch project include generation of the idea of product launching, Market research and analyzing idea with various parameters.
I have seen that these activities are common in every project, but it gets changes with different projects such as conceptualization of idea or planning of an individual which differ from person to person.
Project Success Project success determines by a project manager when the scope of the project gets accomplished by meeting all the parameters set by an individual at the initial stage. Meeting needs of customers by delivering quality oriented product in the external business market.
Success measures differ from one project to another as completing marketing campaign before the stipulated time is also regarded as the successful project.
Apple iPhone 7 was a successful product launch by Apple company. There are variously held responsible for the smooth launch of the project is due to the monopoly of the company in non-Pc devices. Manufacturer design of the product facilitates an individual in using the mobile phone.
I have come to know that brand image of the company like Apple creates loyalty and trust worthy customers who ensure the success of every product launch by an entity.
Difference between project success and project management Project success is part of project management as these two subjects are not same but different points. A project creates by a manager to achieve all its objectives by allocating various activities in a project plan and on the other hand, the success of project shows that project has achieved various goals or not.
Project success is not an overall project management success as this ascertains the final product delivers to a client. From the perspective of project management success, meeting of scope, schedule and financial criteria’s.
Different issues and challenges in the project management may affect the outcome generated out of it. One of the issues is leadership when the project manager unable to lead their team and unable to deliver the best result as per the objective. Another challenge is a high level of the risk factor involved in a project as the focus of the manager lies on the risk and uncertain aspects rather than strengthening all good aspects of a project plan. The Risk Register is required to maintain while creating a project plan to minimize the overall risk by evaluating the likelihood of all the risks. Value creation is another important aspect that creates complexity for an individual as a project aims for achieving desired goals and the objectives which in turn provides benefit to a person. Benefits given to the entire person can range from tangible as well as non-tangible perks and incentives to satisfy their higher expectations.
I need to take care about risks cover in a project as focusing on the deficiency of a project is better than increasing favorable aspects of a project. Three problems associated with a project management is leadership, risk, and value is used as challenges in improving the performance of the current project. An individual prepares a risk register denotes two colors such as red and green. Red depicts danger and green represent safety for a person.
A manager is a person who manages a project of launching a product in the external market by creating a balance between internal as well as external business environments. Features of the product are used as a valuable weapon against the competitor’s lies in the current environment as beating the competition in the market is the common goal of an entity. Bad or good manager depends on the outcome generated by an individual in the duration of a project. A standard criterion of a good manager involves handling a team in accomplishing all the tasks and duties appropriately. Risk assessment technique applies by a project manager on all the projects initiate under their guidance to ensure the success of each project.
It is true to say that functional manager is a good manager as they emphasize on all the functions of the business such as marketing, finance, human resource to complete every step quickly in a project. Skills of a project manager are utilized in attaining all aims and the objectives in a given span of time.
Characteristics of a good manager are determined by an individual which is used to judge the capabilities of a manager. A good manager can be the best leader, risk assessor, value creator. It can be said that a good manager can transform weaknesses or deficiency of a project into strengths and favorable aspects of a project to facilitate all the users of a project. The functional manager plays an integral role in a firm as they focus on the functions in a business such as HR, finance to allocate all responsibilities and tasks among all its personnel. Knowledge of all the function is fruitful for a manager in accomplishing tasks in a given period.
Hierarchical circle of reporting channel, I have seen in business when the subordinate reports to their senior in taking permission at every level of a project. For example, arranging a marketing campaign for the launch of the product require finance whose permission given by the finance manager especially in completing the project on time.
Who should be “looking over the shoulder” of the project manager to make sure that the work and requests are also in the best interest of the company.
Team management and application of leadership is a crucial factor that determines the success or failure of a project. A project manager will take the responsibility of its team by allocating tasks and duties along with high level of accountability among its team members. A mentor encourages its members in completing all tasks with high level of accuracy in a stipulated time. The project manager will take care the overall responsibility of its team only on priority based projects but it guides their employees for every project as completing all tasks within a given budget and time will, in turn, generates the higher return in the form of a success of a project.
An individual need to understand their responsibilities towards family members as every wrong action of a person will affect the requirements and expectations of its beloved one. Lack of leadership quality and poor communication skills in a leader may spoil higher expectations of its team members.
Project management used as an important program in managing a project in the late 18th Century in allocating activities according to the nature of a project. It grows in the 19th Century where the need of this project management increases in the construction or transportation industry. After 19th Century, Gantt chart is an important method which includes scheduling of activities is presented to determine the time duration in which a single project gets completed.
It has contributed more to the world by providing various techniques for evaluating the performance of the country, improving GDP growth of the economy.
Alteration in the project management is done with the passage of time teaches a lesson to an individual to adapt to the changes. Traditional practices are improved by people for accepting the changes in the life, the organization to avail the benefit of the external market opportunities.
It has several advantages for an individual and organization for carrying day to day activities. The efficiency of a project can be increased when the manager of a project provides right direction to a plan. It boosted the confidence of personnel when the manager supports its members in completing their task.
Balance is regarded as an important factor in the life of an individual as without balance no person achieves their desired goal. Budget is prepared to create a middle path among all the expenses and income of a person as costs are reduced to increase the savings that can be used by an individual in the future.
One of the methodical approaches I have used in my life is the Problem-solving skills. My father gave me a penny to purchase a new bike in exchange for getting good marks in the exam. I resolved this problem by focusing on given syllabus and books to gain good marks in the exam. Problems solving skills is a major factor of methodical approach I have used to deal with the current problem.
I have learned that emphasizing on the scope of the project will help an individual in accomplishing the desired aims and the objectives in a given time.
Is there any similarity between methodical approaches and project management
There is similarity among systematic approach and project management as the focus of both these approaches is on deficiency lies in a project that is used as necessary criteria to improve the performance of a project plan.
An individual need to resolve its problems on their own to welcome a wide number of opportunities in their life. A Project manager improves the skills of its members by recognizing their talent.
Project management is a process which includes support of people in planning, designing and executing a plan. Change management emphasizes on change factor to be adopted by an individual in a particular period. Initiatives are taken by the manager to facilitate its users to understand the change in their file by not resisting with the changes.
Change is part of everyone’s life as this has both positive as well as negative effect on the life of individuals. Strategies are crafted by a person in their daily routine to deal with all the issues and conflicts.
Yes, I would change my traditional practices by altering the manual accounting to the electronic accounting for the business through Tally ERP software. Every change accepted by an individual when a person seeks positive benefits for a person in their life.
I need to be flexible enough in adapting with the changes takes places in their life. Creating rigid personality will not helpful for me as if I don’t accept the change then I can’t survive in the world which is full of uncertainties that demand dynamicity.
I have introduced technological changes to improve my project of a video recording of the rush of people using drown camera. Using this equipment, I can record every movement of people in a hurry from all the angles. Three terminologies have different meaning such as Project, system, and program.
The project has a beginning and end point along with specified objectives to be cover in a project. A program is a group of projects managed by a manager in a firm. A system is a process that includes every program to be completed by personnel for the betterment of company’s performance
A system is like a brain that controls the movement of an individual. The program is senses of a person and project is an action taken by a person by listening all signals given by the brain to touch a substance or not.
Failure in a project gives inspiration to a person not to quit but continue the same path after evaluating the mistakes committed by a person earlier.
This project is based on the market research conducted only in city areas by ignoring the rural areas. The narrow scope of collecting information is the biggest mistake done by me those results in the failure of a project.
I could extend my research areas from city areas to the rural areas in knowing their perspective about all the products sold by an entity.
A lesson learned from bad experience is that proper evaluation of the scope, nature, and extent of a project before the execution of the plan. Think before taking decision phrase is applied here to ensure the success of a project.
It is a process of crafting a project layout with the help of planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling of all the activities covered in a project plan. Just like project life cycle, an individual need to pass various stages of life cycle and experience childhood, teenage, adult and old age.
Critical path method is the standard project management methodology I have used in various projects. I create network diagram to showcase all the activities in a proper order to determine the actual time duration in which I can complete a particular project.
An individual decides for the betterment of its client as the outcome of the decision is forecast before executing the decision.
Methodologies or techniques are used by an individual to determine the outcome by applying the best suitable techniques according to the interests of an individual. It is required to use the different technique to generate higher returns by using the best suitable input to the system.
Methods used by an individual to improve the overall performance of projects in a daily routine.
Continuous improvement is part of project management as activities are linked with the ultimate goal of a project. Kaizan approach emphasizes on the continuous improvement of all the project activities takes places in a plan.
Recognizing problem at an early stage will help an individual to focus on their weaknesses rather praising an individual for their positive aspects.
Have you ever experienced continuous improvement in your A tutor who makes their efforts in improving the grades of a child will see continuous improvement in their grades when they learn new things to apply all teachings in their life.
Continuous improvement can be in anything whether related to a habit of an individual that gets stronger by taking help of additional approaches. For example, Running activity in the morning gets easier with the Fit bit that records burning of calorie, walking steps of a person.
Quality team properly check the content of an individual to improve their fluency in their native language. Improvement is motivating factor that improves the quality of various products or services offered by an entity to its client to satisfy their needs and expectations.
Have you ever failed in an exam, a test, or done badly in an activity and then wanted to improve? What did you do to improve
I have failed in my exam as I don’t have subject clarity which results in low marks that resulted in failure. I have analyzed my mistakes in the exam by preparing for the exam second time by focuses on my mistakes first as repeating that mistakes will not get me good marks.
I have suffered from the bad experience in my exams inspires me to give adequate time to every chapter of all the subjects to get proper knowledge not for the exams but also for better understanding.
Recruitment of best staff and project manager Project organization is created in a firm where existing experts of different functional members are appointed for the temporary purpose to achieve the aim of the objective.
Skills require for good manager Traits and attributes of a good manager include a good leader, bright personality, communication skills.
A good leader will be able to lead their team better in achieving the desired objective of a project.
Lack of communication skills in a leader will not complete their project on the team that leads to failure of the project and organizational loss.
Selection of manager requires good recruitment skills to select the suitable candidate.
Difference between current manager and manager ten years ago
The primary difference lies between the earlier manager, and current manager is the period they take to fulfill their project tasks and duties. Earlier manager takes long time which is different in current phase.
Time create competition in the market in delivering better output to clients in less time.
Difference in projects today as compared to 10 years ago
Today projects are complicated which clarifies all the activities such as costs, risk clearly among clients who were not present earlier.
A variety of activities included in a project gives uniqueness in a project.
How do you improve? What do you do?
I will improve my efficiency by identifying the root cause of the problem.
TQM technique focuses on quality of resources used in a project.
Describe how one becomes successful in whatever they do Activities of the entire project are prioritized according to the goals and the objectives. Success depends on the action of an individual.
Can you predict success? How? Yes, success can be predicted using forecasting tools. Prediction of the success of project increases the efficiency of an entity.
How can project management deliver successful projects It can deliver projects using work breakdown structure WBS is used in delegating responsibilities in a project.
What has been done to try to achieve this It includes managing of all the requirements of every business process starts planning, collecting data, documenting till the execution of the plan. It is based on the fundamental functions of the management.
Is controlling expectations important for success? Why? How Expectations of a project can be controlled to ensure success. It can be controlled by preparing scope statement which is a project charter. The project charter is the summary of a project.
What is an example of best practice in your life? Technology is used to facilitate customers. Enhances customer satisfaction
Categorize activities like planning and forecasting
Planning includes the complete definition of work, lay out a proposed schedule, consider changing resources, create WBS, Reschedule project resources, Begin scheduling WBS elements and change the project priorities. Forecasting includes creating project milestones, determine the need for different resources, and determine skill for WBS, estimated time to complete work.
How senior is a Project Manager in an organization
Functional managers would make good project managers
It is true to say that functional manager is a good manager as they emphasize on all the functions of the business such as marketing, finance, human resource to complete every step easily in a project. Specialization skills of a project manager are utilized in delivering all aims and the objectives in a given span of time.
Characteristics of a good manager have determined by an individual as important criteria used to judge the capabilities of a manager. A good manager can be a good leader; problem resolved, risk assessor, value creator.
Who should be “looking over the shoulder” of the project manager to make sure that the work and requests are also in the best interest of the company.
Team management and application of leadership is a crucial factor that determines the success or failure of a project. A project manager will take the responsibility of its team by allocating tasks and duties along with high level of accountability among its team members. A mentor encourages its members in completing all tasks with high level of accuracy in a stipulated time. The project manager will take care the overall responsibility of its team only on priority based projects but it guides their employees for every project as completing all tasks within a given budget and time will, in turn, generates the higher return in the form of a success of a project.
An individual need to understand their responsibilities towards itself, family members as every wrong action of a person will affect the needs and expectations of its beloved one. Lack of leadership quality and poor communication skills in a leader may spoil higher expectations of its team members.
Explain how career paths and career growth can differ between project-driven and non–project-driven organizations Project management is driven organization is regarded as the mature and non-driven project is an amateur. Career path selected by an entity leads to the growth of an individual.
Seminars or conferences conducted by the employer to convince their employees to take up different projects.
How many bosses do you have?
A person has two bosses creates confusion of reporting channel.
How to develop solid project plan? It involves conducting market research to execute the project properly by conveying important information to the client.
Satisfaction of stockholders is regarded as an important factor for an entity.
Should age have a bearing on how long it takes an executive to accept project management? Yes, the experience of an individual as a project manager matters a lot for a person in allocating all tasks and duties.
Age of an individual reflects its maturity in front of an entity.
Project manager reaction in inefficiency of project Inefficiency in a project identifies by the management to improve its performance.
The in-house representative has no right to remove the functional employee from the project.
When does project management turn into over management? It turns into over management when project shifted on priority basis
How does a project manager determine how complex to make a program plan or how many schedules to include Using Gantt charts and network diagram
Is it possible for the WBS to be designed so that resource allocation is easier to identify Yes, allocation of resources gets easier in WBS.
Role played by functional manager at three level of WBS It prepares structure for the project control
Functional manager overlooking planning of an individual Plan with lack of evidence is overlooked by functional manager
Conflicts occur during planning cycle and its resolution Wrong selection of an area of market research is a problem can be resolved by extending the area of research.
How do the customer and contractor know if each one completely understands the statement of work, the work breakdown structure, and the program plan?
Statement of work is the offer to the client with a provision to clarify their doubts on various aspects.
Information to shareholders Project communication sheet prepared by an entity in which questions are there to take the opinion of stakeholders. This sheet is distributed to clients through courier.
Work breakdown structure is a standard wise prepared on a three level with proper allocation o tasks and duties. It is time phased.
At the time of my course, I have learned that Project specification includes the specific goals and objectives. Along with this, it also comprises the time, cost and resource requirements of the project. Therefore, I have learned that project manager needs to develop specifications for the projects.
Work Breakdown Structure is also one of the primary tasks of my course, and I have learned that there are some concrete steps for developing WBS. It comprises that manager needs to break its project in different activities. Afterward, project managers need to develop subtask for every event which will help in developing WBS for a project.
But, at the time of completing this course, I have learned that some problems may occur at the date of decomposition of WBS. The biggest problem is defining the Milestones for the project.
Along with this, the senior manager also plays the significant role in managing projects and developing WBS. Along with this, he/she is accountable for assigning resources for every activity. In additional I have learned that senior manager plays a major role in estimating the total time and cost for the project.
Senior management is very important for making communication and coordination among team members for effectively managing a project. Further, it is also essential for evaluating the overall performance of the project.
I have got knowledge about that project manager needs to pay attention towards the management of politics among team members which can help in improving the project progress. During this course, my learnings have been increased regarding the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the project plan. At the time of developing a project plan manager, should includes different activities, duration, predecessors and resources for completing a project.
For example, if an organization wants to develop their website and for this project, manager needs to focus on developing different types of plans such as project plan, communication plan, human resources plan, finance plan, and technical plan, etc. Therefore, my learnings have increased regarding different types of plans.
Project charter includes all information of the project such as project activities, different types of plans, available resources which are required for completing a project. Therefore, this course has increased my learnings regarding a project charter and different plans and different activities which are necessary for efficiently completing a project.
There are some project management methodologies which play an important role in project planning such as agile I have learned from experience that every project needs to develop WBS for developing a successful project plan
Continuous improvement is one of the critical processes for managing quality of the project. As per my learnings, I can say that there are a number of ways by which project manager can focus on continuous improvement of a project such as determining the problem, developing a process centric thinking, educating the workplace, measuring the performance of employees and appropriate communication planning, etc. As per my personal experience when I was managing a construction project, and I have focused on continuous improvement process for evaluating the project progress. It has helped me get the regular updates about the building of the building. I have got appropriate information about the problems in managing raw materials, team members, etc. Therefore, these help me in developing strategies for improving the overall performance and quality of the project. After getting appropriate knowledge of project management, I can say that Six Sigma, Lean methodology, and total quality management are major producers who can help in delivering the best quality results at the time of completing a project I have learned from my experience that project manager needs to use the lean methodology for reducing wastage of the resources at the time managing projects.
According to the course, I have learned that human resource planning is very important for project plan it helps in determining the right number of the people for completing a project. Along with this, the project manager needs to focus on appropriate skills and experiences of personnel at the time of managing a project because it plays the important role in resource allocation. For improving, expertise and knowledge project manager needs to make necessary arrangements for the training and development which help in increasing the skills of employees. The further project manager needs to pay attention towards the change management process for improving the overall performances of the project.
I have learned that there are different strategies for managing personnel project manager needs to focus on these strategies for managing the team.
References
Nicholas, J. M., and Steyn, H., 2017. Project management for engineering, business, and technology. Taylor & Francis.
Keegan, A., Ringhofer, C. and Huemann, M., 2017. Human resource management and project based organizing: Fertile ground, missed opportunities and prospects for closer connections. International Journal of Project Management.
Hoberg, G. and Moon, S. K., 2017. Offshore activities and financial vs operational hedging. Journal of Financial Economics.
Divakaran, P. K. P., Palmer, A., Søndergaard, H. A. and Matkovskyy, R., 2017. Pre-launch prediction of market performance for short life cycle products using online community data. Journal of Interactive Marketing. 38. pp.12-28.
Gengler, C. E., and Mulvey, M. S., 2017. Planning pre-launch positioning: Segmentation via willingness-to-pay and means-end brand differentiators.Journal of Brand Management. 24(3). pp.230-249.
Kuester, S., Homburg, C. and Hildesheim, A., 2017. The catbird seat of the sales force: how sales force integration leads to new product success.International Journal of Research in Marketing. 34(2). pp.462-479.
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Papke-Shields, K.E. and Boyer-Wright, K.M., 2017. Strategic planning characteristics applied to project management. International Journal of Project Management. 35(2). pp.169-179.
Ika, L. A. and Donnelly, J., 2017. Success conditions for international development capacity building projects. International Journal of Project Management. 35(1). pp.44-63.
Tuarob, S. and Tucker, C. S., 2015. Quantifying product favorability and extracting notable product features using large scale social media data.Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. 15(3). p.031003.
Yoffie, D. B. and Cusumano, M. A., 2015. Strategy Rules: Five Timeless Lessons from Bill Gates, Andy Grove, and Steve Jobs
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Thompson, P., 2017. The voice of the past: Oral history. Oxford university press.
Miller, J., Kostka, I. and Brown, L., 2016. Bridging Cultures, Languages, and Generations Through Oral History Projects. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 14(2), pp.156-161.
Papke-Shields, K.E. and Boyer-Wright, K.M., 2017. Strategic planning characteristics applied to project management. International Journal of Project Management. 35(2). pp.169-179.
Ika, L. A. and Donnelly, J., 2017. Success conditions for international development capacity building projects. International Journal of Project Management. 35(1). pp.44-63.
Porras-Alvarado, J. D., Murphy, M. R., Wu, H., Han, Z., Zhang, Z. and Arellano, M., 2017. Analytical Hierarchy Process to Improve Project Prioritization in the Austin District, Texas. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2613), pp.29-36.
White, J.C. and Sholtes, R.M., 2016. The Dynamic Progress Method: Using Advanced Simulation to Improve Project Planning and Management. CRC Press.
Papke-Shields, K.E. and Boyer-Wright, K.M., 2017. Strategic planning characteristics applied to project management. International Journal of Project Management. 35(2). pp.169-179.
Ika, L. A. and Donnelly, J., 2017. Success conditions for international development capacity building projects. International Journal of Project Management. 35(1). pp.44-63.
Tuarob, S. and Tucker, C. S., 2015. Quantifying product favorability and extracting notable product features using large scale social media data.Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. 15(3). p.031003.
Yoffie, D. B. and Cusumano, M. A., 2015. Strategy Rules: Five Timeless Lessons from Bill Gates, Andy Grove, and Steve Jobs.
Gengler, C. E. and Mulvey, M. S., 2017. Planning pre-launch positioning: Segmentation via willingness-to-pay and means-end brand differentiators.Journal of Brand Management. 24(3). pp.230-249.
Kuester, S., Homburg, C. and Hildesheim, A., 2017. The catbird seat of the sales force: how sales force integration leads to new product success.International Journal of Research in Marketing. 34(2). pp.462-479.
Hoberg, G. and Moon, S. K., 2017. Offshore activities and financial vs. operational hedging. Journal of Financial Economics.
Divakaran, P. K. P., Palmer, A., Søndergaard, H. A. and Matkovskyy, R., 2017. Pre-launch prediction of market performance for short life cycle products using online community data. Journal of Interactive Marketing. 38. pp.12-28.
Nicholas, J. M. and Steyn, H., 2017. Project management for engineering, business and technology. Taylor & Francis.
Keegan, A., Ringhofer, C. and Huemann, M., 2017. Human resource management and project based organizing: Fertile ground, missed opportunities and prospects for closer connections. International Journal of Project Management.
Porras-Alvarado, J. D., Murphy, M. R., Wu, H., Han, Z., Zhang, Z. and Arellano, M., 2017. Analytical Hierarchy Process to Improve Project Prioritization in the Austin District, Texas. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2613), pp.29-36.
White, J.C. and Sholtes, R.M., 2016. The Dynamic Progress Method: Using Advanced Simulation to Improve Project Planning and Management. CRC Press.
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Khan, M. A., Alvi, A. A., Shabbir, F. and Rajput, T. A., 2016. Effect of Internet Addiction on Academic Performance of Medical Students. Journal of Islamic International Medical College, 11(2), pp.48-51.
Dupree, L., Patterson, D. A., Nugent, W.R. and White, S. F., 2016. How children verbally reported their experiences of a genital exam. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 26(1), pp.110-118.
Reinhart, T., 2016. Anaphora and semantic interpretation. Routledge.
John, D. R. and Park, J. K., 2016. Mindsets matter: Implications for branding research and practice. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 26(1), pp.153-160.
Khan, M. A., Alvi, A. A., Shabbir, F. and Rajput, T. A., 2016. Effect of Internet Addiction on Academic Performance of Medical Students. Journal of Islamic International Medical College, 11(2), pp.48-51.
Dupree, L., Patterson, D. A., Nugent, W.R. and White, S. F., 2016. How children verbally reported their experiences of a genital exam. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 26(1), pp.110-118.
Porras-Alvarado, J. D., Murphy, M. R., Wu, H., Han, Z., Zhang, Z. and Arellano, M., 2017. Analytical Hierarchy Process to Improve Project Prioritization in the Austin District, Texas. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2613), pp.29-36.
White, J.C. and Sholtes, R.M., 2016. The Dynamic Progress Method: Using Advanced Simulation to Improve Project Planning and Management. CRC Press.
Porras-Alvarado, J. D., Murphy, M. R., Wu, H., Han, Z., Zhang, Z. and Arellano, M., 2017. Analytical Hierarchy Process to Improve Project Prioritization in the Austin District, Texas. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2613), pp.29-36.
White, J.C. and Sholtes, R.M., 2016. The Dynamic Progress Method: Using Advanced Simulation to Improve Project Planning and Management. CRC Press.
Yang, L. R. and Huang, C. F., 2016. Information technology utilization to improve project team-owner relationship and project performance. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 20(1), p.48.
Pollack, J. and Adler, D., 2016. Skills that improve profitability: The relationship between project management, IT skills, and small to medium enterprise profitability. International Journal of Project Management, 34(5), pp.831-838.
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Yang, L. R. and Huang, C. F., 2016. Information technology utilization to improve project team-owner relationship and project performance. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 20(1), p.48.
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